1、Unit 1Nature in the balanceGrammar and usageHave you ever watched any TV programmes about environmental protection?What was it about?And what do you think of it?Air pollution?Global warming?Extinction of rare animals?What is it about?And what do you think of it?Jack and Henry are talking about a doc
2、umentary on environmental protection.Pay attention to the underlined sentences and write down the words that have been left out in the brackets below.A1.How did Jack feel when he watched the documentary?2.What do the leading experts suggest doing to solve the environmental problems?Jack and Henry ar
3、e talking about a documentary on environmental protection.Pay attention to the underlined sentences and write down the words that have been left out in the brackets below.AJack:Hi,Henry!Did you watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday.Henry:(1)No,I didnt.1.No,I didnt(watc
4、h the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).An action has been abbreviated.Jack:Hi,Henry!Did you watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday.Henry:(1)No,I didnt.Jack:What a pity!I highly recommend it.(2)You can watch it online if you want to.2.You can w
5、atch it online if you want to(_ _).An action has been abbreviated.Tips:focus on contextwatch the documentary about environmental protectionJack:Its about some of the worst environmental problems were facing today.Global warming,for example,is a major problem caused by greenhouse gases.It may lead to
6、 extreme weather events:droughts,heatwaves and so on.(3)I felt worried when watching the documentary.3.I felt worried when(_)watching the documentarya subject and a verb have been abbreviated.Tips:the same subjectI wasJack:Yes.It includes interviews with more than 20 of the worlds leading experts on
7、 environmental issues.All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.(4)Some call for the application of modern technology,and others a change of lifestyle.4.Some call for the application of modern technology,and others(_)a change of lifestyle.An action has been abbreviated.T
8、ips:the same actioncall forHenry:I wish we could also do something to help.(5)Got any ideas?5.(_)got any ideas?A subject and auxiliary verb have been abbreviated.Tips:the object of the conversationHave youJack:What about making a brochure about environmental problems?Henry:(6)Sounds great!Lets get s
9、tarted after lunch.6.(_)sounds great!A subject has been abbreviated.That Whats the difference between a full sentence and an ellipsis sentence?Q:Did you watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday.A1:No,I didnt.A2:No,I didnt watch the documentary about environmental protecti
10、on on TV yesterday.too long,wordy,time-consumingl We sometimes use ellipsis to avoid(1)_(stressing/repeating)one or more words when the meaning is clear.l We can use ellipsis:in infinitives after some conjunctions like if,when and while in clauses with the same pattern and the same verb at the begin
11、ning of a sentence in(2)_(informal/formal)speech in short responsesrepeatinginformal1.省略主语：主要是祈使句中的you。(You)Come in,please!2.省略主语和谓语：主谓都很明确，为了简化或显得 亲切，可将主谓（或谓语一部分）同时省略。(You come)This way,please!(Are you)OK?3.省略宾语：当前后两个句子宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。Do you know Miss Gao?I dont know(her).一、简单句中的省略一、简单句中的省略在由and或but连
12、接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。1.省略共同的主或宾。Tom picked up a book on the floor and(Tom)handed it to his teacher.2.若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相 同，则省略后面相同的部分。Jack must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.二、并列句中的省略二、并列句中的省略3.若主谓相同，省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy,but(his advice made)Jim
13、angry.4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动 词及后续部分。He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesnt(have a knowledge of first aid).二、并列句中的省略二、并列句中的省略1.状语从句的省略(1)在when,while,if,as if,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略。Youd bet
14、ter look out when(you are)crossing the street.Whenever(it is)possible,they would stop him and ask him the three questions.(2)当比较状语从句的谓语与主句相同时，从句中的谓语常被省略。He runs as fast as Bob(runs).They dont use more water than(it is)necessary.三、主动复合句中的省略三、主动复合句中的省略2.定语从句的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom,who,which,that
15、可省略。The exact year(which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.He is the man(who/whom/that)you can depend on.(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。The way(in which/that)he speaks to us is really annoying.三、主动复合句中的省略三、主动复合句中的省略3.宾语从句的省略(1)由that引导的宾语从句，that一般可以省略；但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句
16、时，that可以省略。He said(that)the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.(2)when,where,how和why引导的宾从有时可以仅保留引导词。I know that a movie star will come to our city but I dont know when(he will come to our city).三、主动复合句中的省略三、主动复合句中的省略1.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语，且在上文中已经出现时，可省略to后面的成分，这些动词常见的有：ask,
17、tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn等。如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to(ride it).2.在感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式省略to。I saw the car(to)drive up outside the police station.3.在使役动词make,let,have等后作宾语补足语的不定式省略to。四、其他的省略四、其他的省略4.在rather t
18、han等表示“与其不如”短语后的不定式省略to。5.介词but/except前边有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后的不定式省略to。He can do nothing but/except lie down and sleep.6.在can not but do sth.,cant choose but do sth.,can not help but do sth.句式中，but后跟的不定式（短语）省略to。四、其他的省略四、其他的省略7.习惯上的省略由固定短语引导的疑问句。What about having a game of chess?What if its raining?习惯性的交际
19、用语。Not at all.No matter.Thanks.四、其他的省略四、其他的省略What rule does each sentence use?1.No,I didnt(watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).2.You can watch it online if you want to(watch the documentary about environmental protection).3.I felt worried when(I was)watching the doc
20、umentary.4.Some call for the application of modern technology,and others(call for)a change of lifestyle.5.(Have you)got any ideas?6.(It/That)sounds great!In short responsesIn infinitivesAfter some conjunctions like if,when and whileIn clauses with the same pattern and the same verbAt the beginning o
21、f a sentence in informal speech What is ellipsis?When can we use ellipsis?Whats the function of ellipsis?The act of leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately.When the meaning can still be understood without using a word or certain words.An efficient way to make sentences concise.Find
22、the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.B11.I cannot watch the documentary this weekend though I would like.2.Cows live on land and fish the water.I cannot watch the documentary this weekend though I would like to.I would like.the water.Cows live on land and fish in the water.3.The Ama
23、zon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago.4.He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection,but he didnt do.3.When taking photos of wildlife,every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.was 50 years ago.didnt do.every effort should be madeWhen taking
24、 photos of wildlife,When taking photos of wildlife,we should make every effort to ensure that we keep away from the animals.Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity.Use ellipsis where necessary.Put brackets around the word(s)that can be left out
25、.B2In short responsesIn infinitivesAfter some conjunctions like if,when and whileIn clauses with the same pattern and the same verbAt the beginning of a sentence in informal speechLast weekend,I took part in a forest clean-up activity.It was organized by Green Hope,an organization devoted to protect
26、ing forests.At first I didnt want to take part in the forest clean-up activity,but then I thought,“What if nobody goes?”Our team leader,Joe,took us to a forest outside the city.I was sad to see litter everywhere.There was a“No littering is allowed here”sign at the entrance to the forest,but that did
27、nt stop people from throwing their rubbish on the ground.()()Joe divided us into two groups:one group cleaned up the north side of the forest,and the other group cleaned up the south side of the forest.We worked for several hours and we were happy to see that the forest looked cleaner than it had lo
28、oked before.It was absolutely worth our effort!Therell be another clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday.You can find Joe and sign up if youre willing to help.Everyone who takes part in the activity will receive a medal.Ill join you too if I have time.()()()()()()Lets continue Jack and He
29、nrys conversation on designing a brochure about protecting the environment by using ellipsis where possible.In pairs,describe the pictures below using ellipsis to call for the protection of the environment.Use the example to help you.You can draw a picture and think of a slogan.B3a word or phrase th
30、at is easy to remember,used for example in advertising to attract peoples attention or to suggest an idea quicklyA smiling kid is drawing a green tree:ideal worldBlue sky and shining sunshine:good environmentPolluted air,dark sky:serious pollutionFactories and dead trees:cause and consequence of pol
31、lutionWhen the water is too dirty to drink and the air too polluted to breathe,will you be able to look at your children and say,“what a beautiful world!”?How to make a slogan?“Give a hand to wildlife”Find out visible info(who,what,where,color)Think about the deeper meaning behind imagesOrganise the
32、 info into a precise sentences123A bicycle,made by leaves,daily transport,eco-friendlyUpper leaf:green,green energy,trees,clean skyLower leaf:yellow,factories,polluted air,no creaturesWe should use public or eco-friendly transport for protecting environmentProtecting environment is urgent,new energy new lifeYour turnShow us your calls,and give some suggestions to improve the calls.Review the rules of ellipsis and draw a picture and think of a slogan to call for the protection of the environment.Thank you!
