1、Medical TerminologyNursing College Qian Huang Medical Terminologyn医学中用于描述疾病状况、手术程序、用药，解剖结构等的术语。n医学术语多来源于拉丁语和希腊语，因此，它的单词常具有复杂的读音和冗长的拼写形式。Componentsn词根 word root n前缀 prefixn后缀 suffix Combining Formcombining formword rootcombining vowel polyadenopathyprefixword rootsuffixconditionglandmulticombining fo
2、rmcombining vowel Word Root 词根：它是一个词的主要部分和基础，构成医学术语的基本意思。来源主要有两个，希腊语和拉丁语。所有的医学术语单词至少包含一个词根，多的有两个、三个甚至更多。ntonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术ncholecystectomy 胆囊切除术notorhinolaryngologist 耳鼻喉专家Commonly Used Word Root word root meaning Example cardi(o)heart cardiopathy 心脏病 chol(e)gall cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术 splen splee
3、n splenectomy 脾切除术 dermat skin dermatitis 皮炎 hist tissue histology 组织学 hepat liver hepatitis 肝炎 neur(o)nerves neurodermatitis 神经性皮炎 oste(o)bone osteoma 骨瘤 sarc flesh sarcoma 肉瘤 gastr(o)stomach gastrectomy 胃切除术 Usage 医学术语的词根不能单独使用，其原因是它来源于不同的语言，拉丁语或希腊语，词根本身没有完整的意思，所以，当它要表示完整的意思时，必须与其他构词成分连接在一起使用。eye:
4、opthalm eye doctor(T)opthalm disease(F)opthalmic disease(T)Prefix 前缀：它是指连接在动词、形容词、名词的前面，对这个词本身进行进一步的说明，提供一些额外的信息，比如器官的位置，涉及的时间等。noperative 手术的npreoperative 手术前npostoperative 手术后nperioperative 围手术期Commonly Used Prefixprefix meaning examplea-an-no,without anuria-absence of urine 无尿ab-away from abnorma
5、l-away from normal 异常anti-against antibiotic-tending to prevent life 抗生素bi-two,double biceps-muscle having two heads 二头肌tri-three triceps-muscle having three heads 三头肌de-from,lack of degerm-remove germ from 除菌dys-bad,difficult dysuria-difficult urinating 排尿困难epi-over,upon epigastric-over the stomach
6、 胃上部的 Antonym ab-away from 离开 ad-toward 靠近 abduction-away from the midline 外展 adduction-move toward the midline 内收Antonym endo-within or inside 内部 exo,ex-without or out of,away from 外部，离开 endogenic-originating from inside 内源性的 exogenic-originating from outside 外源性的Antonym hyper-over,elevated 超过，多 hy
7、po-less than normal,depressed 低于，少 hypertension-elevated amount of tension 高血压 hypotension-less amount of tension 低血压 Antonym super,supra-above,beyond 在上方 sub-below,under 在下方 suprarenal-above the kidney肾上的 sublingual-under the tongue 舌下的 Suffix 后缀：它是指连接在词根后面，对词根进行修饰说明，用于表示状况、疾病过程、手术操作程序等含义。Surgicaln
8、-ectomy-surgical remove mastectomy 乳房切除术n-stomy-surgical created open gastrostomy 胃造口术n-tomy-cutting into or incision gastrotomy 胃切开n-plasty-surgaical repair rhinoplasty 鼻成形术Proceduralngram-record of something electrocardiogram 心电图ngrah-instrument that records electrocardiograph心电图描记器ngrahy-procedur
9、e electrocardiography 心电图描记录术nscope-instrument for viewing endoscope 内窥镜nscopy-procedure for viewing endoscopy 内窥镜检查法ntherapy-treatment chemotherapy 化疗Conditionn-emia-condition of blood leukaemia 白血病n-algia-pain arthralgia 关节痛n-itis-inflammation dermatitis 皮炎n-malacia-abnormal sofening osteomalacia
10、骨软化nsclerosis-abnormal hardening arteriosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化n-megaly-enlargement cardiomegaly 心脏肥大n-oma-tumor lymphoma 淋巴瘤n-(o)sis-abnormal condition tuberculosis 结核病n-pathy-disease enteropathy 肠道疾病n-um-structure pericardium 心包 -an,ary,ine,ous,tic,eal,icnovarian-pertaining to the ovary 卵巢的nalimentary-pe
11、rtaining to the gastrointestinal tract 消化道的nuterine-pertaining to the uterus 子宫的ncutaneous-pertainning to the skin 皮肤的nnephritic-pertaining to he disease of kidney 肾炎的nlaryngeal-pertaining to the throat 喉的nophthalmic-pertaining to the eyes 眼睛的，眼部的Methodsnbreakdown into different partsninterpret the meaning of each partncombine themSummarymedical terminology word rootprefixsuffix Exercisen请写出下列医学术语的含义，并将其分解为前缀、后缀和词根等成分。lymphoma gastroenterology dystrophy endocrinology arthralgia electroencephalogram appendectomy immunodeficiencyn请写至少五个医学术语的名词性后缀n请写出人体各个个系统中常用的医学词根
