1、专题十二专题十二 主谓一致主谓一致15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用高考链接学以致用考点精析一、概念 主谓一致就是指谓语动词在人称与数上必须和主语保持一致。二、用法 主谓一致主要遵循以下三个原则：1语法一致，即句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。He likes skating in winter.他喜欢冬天滑冰。How are advertisements made?广告是怎样制作的？2意义一致，即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义上是单数意义还是复数意义。His family were watching T
2、V when I got to his home.我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。My family is full of love and happiness.我的家充满了爱与幸福。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用3就近原则，即谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式，取决于最邻近它的主语。Either you or I am going to be sent there.要么是你，要么是我将被派到那里去。主谓一致是重要的语法项目，也是学习难点和高考热点之一。我们要重点理解和掌握。(一)谓语动词常用复数形式的情况：1可数名词的复数、many/(a)few/a number of可
3、数名词复数作主语。A number of students in our class are from the south.我们班很多学生来自南方。2people,police,cattle,youth,public等集合名词作主语。Our neighbourhood police are very friendly and kind.我们邻近的警察非常友善。3“the形容词”作主语，指一类人或事物时。The wounded have been sent to hospital.伤员们已经被送往医院。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用4复数形式的群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会
4、作主语。The Olympics are held every four years.奥运会每四年举行一次。5each 用于复数名词后作同位语。They each have an EnglishChinese dictionary.他们每人都有一本英汉词典。6trousers,shoes,glasses,socks,stockings,scissors 这类名词，不带“一把、一副、一条”等修饰而单独作主语。The trousers fit you very well.这裤子你穿很合适。(二)谓语动词常用单数的情况：1不可数名词、单数可数名词作主语。Water is essential to m
5、an.水对人类来说是必需的。The boy standing over there is my cousin.站在那里的那个男孩是我的堂弟。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用2anyone,everyone,everything,someone,somebody，something,no one,nobody,nothing,each,either,neither,the other，another等不定代词作主语。Someone is waiting for you at the gate.有人在门口等你。3no.and no.，each.and each.,ever
6、y.and every.和many a.and many a.构成的短语作主语时谓语动词用单数。No money and no time is left.没时间也没钱了。4表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值的短语若作为一个整体作主语。Three weeks is a short time.三个星期是很短的时间。5并列主语虽有and连接但表示一个整体概念时。Bread and butter is served for breakfast.早餐供应黄油面包。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用6many a/an单数可数名词、more than one单数可数名词作主语。
7、Many a student has been awarded this year.今年许多学生受到了表彰。More than one soldier was killed in the battle.在这场战斗中许多士兵阵亡了。7a/an单数可数名词or two,one and a half 复数可数名词作主语。One and a half pears is left on the table.桌子上还剩下一个半梨。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用【特别提醒特别提醒】(1)分数、百分数、a lot(of)/lots of/plenty of/some(of)/mos
8、t(of)/part(of)/half(of)/the rest(of)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式根据它们所修饰的名词表达的含义来决定。The rest of the money belongs to you.剩余的钱属于你。(2)主语后有with,together with,along with,but,except,besides,in addition to,as well as,including,unlike,rather than等修饰时，谓语动词的单、复数取决于主语。No one except my parents knows anything about this
9、.除我父母外没人知道此事。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用(3)all作主语，指人时谓语动词用复数形式，指物时谓语动词用单数形式。none作主语，指人时谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式皆可；指物时谓语动词用单数形式；the majority作主语时，谓语动词单、复数形式皆可。All are here except Tom.除了汤姆没来，其他人都到了。All is going well.一切进展顺利。(4)单个的动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；多个并列的动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句若表示复数概念作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Looking
10、 after the children is my fulltime job.照顾这些孩子们是我的专职工作。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用(5)集合名词作主语，如果是指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army,audience,class,club,company,crowd,family,group,party,team,population,enemy,government等。The population of the earth is increasing very fast.地球上的人口在迅速增长。One
11、third of the population here are workers.这里有三分之一的人是工人。(6)works(工厂),means(方法),fish,deer,sheep等单复数同形的词作主语时谓语动词的单、复数由其意义决定。All possible means have been tried.一切可能的办法都试过了。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用(7)当“an amount of/a quantity of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。但是当“quantities of/amounts of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。“
12、a large amount of不可数名词”作主语与单数动词连用。“large amounts of不可数名词”作主语与复数动词连用。“a large quantity of不可数名词”作主语与单数动词连用。“large quantities of复数名词/不可数名词”作主语与复数动词连用。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.大量的资金投在当地的市场上。A large amount of money is spent on the project.这项工程耗费了巨额资金。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高
13、考链接学以致用学以致用(8)a number of/a group of/a variety of 名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of 名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of students were absent yesterday.许多学生昨天缺席。The number of the students praised at the meeting is very small.在会上受到表扬的学生寥寥无几。(9)在定语从句中，one of 名词 定语从句作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；the(only)one of 名词 定语从句作主语时，定
14、语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。He is one of the students that were praised yesterday.他是昨天在会上受到表扬的学生之一。He is the only one of the students that was praised yesterday.他是昨天在会上唯一受到表扬的学生。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用(10)neither.nor./either.or./not only.but also./not.but./.or.连接的并列主语，以及there be结构中的主语，谓语动词要与最近的主语保持一致。There
15、are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。Neither you nor your mother is wrong.你和你妈妈都没错。15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用1(2009福建)Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water _.Ahave polluted Bis being polluted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted【解析】“large quantitie
16、s of名词”在句子中作主语时，谓语部分的数的形式与quantities一致用复数。“水已被污染”用被动语态的现在完成时。【答案】D15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用2(2009湖南)Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Aare BisChaveDbe 【解析】题意：要么是你，要么是你的一位学生应该出席明天的会议。one of your students的中心词为one，谓语动词用单数形式，在本句中is to do表示应该(should)。【答案】
17、B15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用3(2009江西)At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.Ais Bare Cwill be DWas【解析】本句的主语为“one of the arguments”，其含义为单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。根据“at present”可知应用一般现在时。【答案】A15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用4(2009四川)The teacher to
18、gether with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.Aare;were Bis;wereCare;was Dis;was【解析】“名词together with 名词”结构作句子主语时，谓语动词的单复数依第1个词的单复数而定；Reading Skills是一书名或文章名，故用单数形式。【答案】D15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用5(2008湖南)What the science teacher does and says _ of great imp
19、ortance to college students.Awas BAreCis DWere【解析】题意：那位理科老师所做的事、所说的话对于大学生来说非常重要。主语从句虽然有两个谓语动词，但引导词只有一个，即what，故谓语动词用单数，且本句需要用一般现在时。【答案】C15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用1Do the students learn any foreign language in your school?Yes,more than one _ taught in this school.Alanguage is Blanguage areClanguage
20、 be Dlanguages are【解析】“more than one/many a 单数名词”虽然表示“许多”，但作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。【答案】A15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用2Have you found anything interesting?None of the information _ particularly useful to me.Ais Bare Chave DHas【解析】information是一个不可数名词，所以none of the information作主语时，谓语要用单数形式；useful是形容词。【答案】A15610考
21、点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用3Our class _ all fond of singing English songs and we can sing _ than others.Ais;many more Bare;many moreCis;much more Dare;much more【解析】在英语中，集合名词作主语，如果是指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有army,audience,class,club,company,crowd,family,group,party,team等。由题干中的we可知，此处的class
22、指的是全班同学，所以谓语动词要用复数形式；many more复数名词；much more不可数名词；而此处more修饰的是songs，所以用many more。【答案】B15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用4Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books _ to the area since the earthquake occurred.Ahas been offered Bhave been offeredCis being offered Dare offered【解析】由时间状语从句since the e
23、arthquake occurred可知，主句要用现在完成时；在“主语介词短语结构”中，谓语动词的人称和数由主语决定，其结构为“主语with/together with/along with/as well as/like/including/more than/but/except/besides/in addition to/rather than.名词、代词或短语谓语.”此题中主语是equipment，而不是maps and books，所以谓语用单数。【答案】A15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用5With more forests being destroyed
24、,huge quantities of good earth _ each year.Ais washing away Bis being washed away Care washing away Dare being washed away【解析】根据with复合结构判断，森林正在被毁，因此大量的优质土正在被冲走。所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。句子的主语是quantities of good earth，谓语应该根据quantity的形式来决定，所以用复数形式。【答案】D15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用6Professor Smith,along with his
25、 assistants,_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.Awork Bworking Cis working Dare working【解析】本题句子主语是Professor Smith，谓语动词就应用单数形式，along with his assistants只是附加成分，不改变主语的性质。【答案】C15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用7Thirty thousand yuan as well as hundreds of tons of food _ to the flooded area.Aha
26、ve offered Bhas offered Chave been offered Dhas been offered【解析】本题句子主语是度量单位thirty thousand yuan，作为一个整体是单数概念，谓语动词要用单数形式。而offer与thirty thousand yuan是被动关系，所以选择D项。【答案】D15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用8Weve been told of the good news,but when and where to go for the exciting onsalary vacation _ yet.Aare not
27、 discussedBhave not been discussed Cis not being discussedDhas not been discussed【解析】本题句子中作主语的是一个动词不定式，所以谓语动词用单数形式。【答案】D15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用9The police _ determined to bring back the missing boy when the family _ almost given up all hope.Ais;have Bare;have Cis;has Dare;has【解析】the police是集合名
28、词，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式；family作主语时，谓语动词要根据它指代的意义而定，此处family强调其成员，所以动词用复数形式。【答案】B15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用10The high standard of the nations literature and art _ widespread attention.Awas attracted Bhave attracted Chas attracted Dhas been attracted【解析】主语是the high standard，其形式为单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。【答案】C15610考点精析考点精析高考链接高考链接学以致用学以致用
