1、Unit 4Stage and screenUsing language现在分词作状语现在分词作状语(-ing as adverbial)(-ing as adverbial)【语用功能语用功能】现在分词现在分词(短语短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。式、让步或伴随状况。【情境探究】用所给动词的适当形式填空1._(see)quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times,I
2、was full of confidence.2._(date)back to the 18th century,Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.Having seenHaving seenDatingDating3._(start)with an orchestra playing traditional Chinese instruments,the opera brought a completely new sound to my Western ears.4._(see)the main characters co
3、me on stage,I was surprised!5._(use)such techniques,the opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe.StartingStartingSeeingSeeingUsingUsing【要义详析要义详析】分词在句中作状语时分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是句子的其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。现在分词作状语主语。现在分词作状语,表主动、进行表主动、进行,相当于一个相当于一个状语从句状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。一、分词作状语的形式
4、一、分词作状语的形式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done二、分词作状语的要点二、分词作状语的要点1.1.作时间状语作时间状语 相当于一个相当于一个when,while,after等引导的时间状语从句。等引导的时间状语从句。*(2019(2019北京高考北京高考)Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.=When I face challenges
5、 nervously,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.当我紧张地面对挑战时当我紧张地面对挑战时,我会轻声地对自己说两个字我会轻声地对自己说两个字“放松放松”。*Having turned off the TV,he began to do his homework.=After he turned off the TV,he began to do his homework.关掉电视后关掉电视后,他开始做作业。他开始做作业。*Being given a chance,she immediatel
6、y jumped at it.=When she was given a chance,she immediately jumped at it.给了她这个机会给了她这个机会,她立刻抓住。她立刻抓住。【易错精点易错精点】当表示正在进行的动作时当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上可直接在分词前面加上when/while,when/while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2.2.作原因状语作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句相当于原因状语从句,一般可转化为一般可转化为becausebecause或或asas引导引导的原因状语从句。的原因状语从句。*Being we
7、ll taken care of,she recovered quickly.=Because she was well taken care of,she recovered quickly.她受到很好的照顾她受到很好的照顾,身体恢复得很快。身体恢复得很快。*Not having received his fathers letter,he decided to telephone him.=Because he had not received his fathers letter,he decided to telephone him.因为还没有收到父亲的来信因为还没有收到父亲的来信,他
8、决定给他打个电话。他决定给他打个电话。3.3.作条件状语作条件状语一般放在句首一般放在句首,其前可以加其前可以加if,unless s等连词。等连词。*Turning left,you will find a path.=If you turn left,you will find a path.左拐左拐,你会找到一条路的。你会找到一条路的。4.4.作结果状语作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。*(2019(2019全国卷全国卷)If you exerc
9、ise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.如果你在户外锻炼如果你在户外锻炼,你的身体就会学会深呼吸你的身体就会学会深呼吸,允许更多允许更多的氧气到达你的肌肉和你的大脑。的氧气到达你的肌肉和你的大脑。*He fell down the stairs,landing in a heap at the bottom.他从楼梯上摔下来他从楼梯上摔下来,重重地跌到楼梯底部。重重地跌到楼梯底部。*He
10、 shouted in such a loud voice,making the girl cry.他大声喊叫他大声喊叫,把女孩弄哭了。把女孩弄哭了。【名师点津名师点津】现在分词与不定式作结果状语现在分词与不定式作结果状语现在分词作结果状语现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料描述的情况。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果的结果,有时前面可以加有时前面可以加onlyonly。He did his homework careles
11、sly,making a lot of mistakes.(自然自然或必然的结果或必然的结果)他作业做得很粗心他作业做得很粗心,必然会出错。必然会出错。He hurried to the railway station,only to be told that the train had left.(意想不到的结果意想不到的结果)他匆忙赶到火车站他匆忙赶到火车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。结果被告知火车已经开走了。5.5.作伴随状语作伴随状语没有相应的状语从句可以转换没有相应的状语从句可以转换,但可以转换成并列句。但可以转换成并列句。*They came into the classroom,
12、singing and laughing.他们走进教室他们走进教室,边唱边笑。边唱边笑。6.6.作让步状语作让步状语*Working as hard as he could,he could not pass the exam.尽管很努力尽管很努力,他还是不能通过考试。他还是不能通过考试。7.7.方式状语方式状语Using the book,I find it useful.通过用这本书通过用这本书,我发现它我发现它(很很)有用。有用。(1)_,she couldnt go to school.因为生病因为生病,她不能去上学了。她不能去上学了。(2)They stood there for a
13、n hour,_._.他们在那里站了一个小时他们在那里站了一个小时,观看比赛。观看比赛。Being illBeing illwatching the gamewatching the game(3)_,she found them busy laying tables.到了旅馆到了旅馆,她发现他们正忙着摆桌子。她发现他们正忙着摆桌子。【即学活用即学活用】Arriving at the hotelArriving at the hotel三、现在分词的时态、语态三、现在分词的时态、语态1.1.现在分词的时态现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时态要注意分词的时态,是用现在
14、分词是用现在分词的一般式的一般式(doing),(doing),还是用完成式还是用完成式(having done)(having done)。(1)(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,用分词的一般式。用分词的一般式。Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.我正在大街上行走时我正在大街上行走时,遇到了一位老朋友。遇到了一位老朋友。(walking(walking和谓语动词和谓语动词metmet同时发生同时发生)(2)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动
15、作后发而谓语动词的动作后发生时生时,用分词的完成式。用分词的完成式。Having finished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished(having finished是先发生的是先发生的,went,went是后发生的是后发生的)2.2.现在分词的语态现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动形式还是被动形式使用现在分词的主动形式还是被动形式,这主要取决于这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。Having
16、 been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(现在分词的被动形式现在分词的被动形式)被领着参观了工厂后被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。他们很高兴。Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(现在分词现在分词的主动形式的主动形式)完成了作业后完成了作业后,他上床睡觉了。他上床睡觉了。【知识延伸知识延伸】动词动词-ing-ing形式的否定形式形式的否定形式:not+doing:not+doing与与not not having+donehaving+done*Not knowing this,
17、he didnt come.Not knowing this,he didnt come.他不知道这件事他不知道这件事,所以没来。所以没来。*Not having made full preparations,we put off Not having made full preparations,we put off the sports meeting.the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。我们把运动会延期了。【即学活用即学活用】语法填空语法填空(1)_(work)among the workers for(1)_(work
18、)among the workers for many years,he knew them very well.many years,he knew them very well.(2)(2)_(praise)for the job,_(praise)for the job,Tom worked harder.Tom worked harder.Having workedHaving workedHaving been praisedHaving been praised1.Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer t
19、he questions.a Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times,I was full of confidence-until the Peking Opera came to town.b .seeing the main characters come on stage,I was surprised!1.In sentence(a),who had seen quite a few production of Hamlet and read the play many tim
20、es?In sentence(b),who saw the main characters come on stage?2.In this structure used more often in spoken or written English?Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questionsc Since I had seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times,I was full of confidence-un
21、til the Peking Opera came to town!d .When I saw the main characters come on stage,I was surprised!3.What is the difference between the two groups of sentences?4.Why doesthe author choose to use sentences(a)and(b)in the reading passage?Activity 2:Complete the journal entry with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.Activity 3:Rewrite the paragraph using the-ing form.
