1、 概要写作 文本内容与结构解读 写作思路解读 表达微技能之说明议论类概要写作中的高频表达篇 牛刀小试 参考范文欣赏体裁：主题：结构：1.文本内容与结构解读体裁：说明文主题：Praise结构：Para 1&2Para 3&4Para 51.文本内容与结构解读阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,“Weve gone to the opposite ex
2、treme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think theyre building their childrens confidence,when,in fact,it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way thats insincere,make kids afraid to try new things o
3、r take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still,dont go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and,as a result,may see no
4、 point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise?Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal
5、 reward.“We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”You
6、r son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,co
7、ok dinner,or finish a book report.But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.negative effets for lack of praisenegative effets for lack of praise negative effects of too mouch praisenegative effects of
8、 too mouch praise s suggestionsuggestionss suggestionsuggestions Para.1:Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,“Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a
9、 lot of praise,parents think theyre building their childrens confidence,when,in fact,it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way thats insincere,make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise
10、 has put them.2.写作思路解读Although parents think praise will build kidsconfidence,too much praise may result in opposite effects.（要点1）2.写作思路解读Para.2:Still,dont go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough
11、 or that you dont care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.Not giving enough praise can also be damaging to kids confidence and motivation.（要点2）2.写作思路解读Para.3:So what is the right amount of praise?Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the
12、 quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of Parenting With
13、out Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity and its the process not the end product that matters.（要点3）2.写作思路解读Para.4:Your s
14、on may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook
15、dinner,or finish a book report.But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.Praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child has put into it.（要点4）2.写
16、作思路解读若将上述的所有要点连句成文，便得到了这样一段概要：Although parents think praise will build kids confidence,too much praise may result in opposite effects.Not giving enough praise can also be damaging to kids confidence and motivation.Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity and its the
17、 process not the end product that matters.Praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child has put into it.(76 words)评点：该概要尽管覆盖了文章的全部要点，但有多处表达直接引用原文，此外，有些要点之间缺乏连贯性。这些与概要写作的评分标准要求相差甚远。那么,我们该如何用自己的语言进行改写，同时让文章更准确精炼呢？3.表达微技能之说明议论类概要写作中的高频表达本章节将以此文本的
18、初写概要为例聚焦本章节将以此文本的初写概要为例聚焦积累积累“说明议论类概要写作中的说明议论类概要写作中的高频表达高频表达”对于对于改写改写概要写作语段概要写作语段的重要性的重要性。Although parents think praise will build kids confidence,too much praise may result in opposite effects.Not giving enough praise can also be damaging to kids confidence and motivation.Experts say that the quali
19、ty of praise is more important than the quantity and its the process not the end product that matters.Praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child has put into it.在这段概要中，学生若能掌握一些常见的替换表达，就可以很快地发现，上述文在这段概要中，学生若能掌握一些常见的替换表达，就可以很快地发现，上述文中加黑字体部分可以
20、被替换。中加黑字体部分可以被替换。1.认为：think/believe/argue/claim/assume/insist/consider/hold the view that2.促进/加强/提高：boost/promote/enhance/improve/strengthen/benefit/contribute to3.导致：contribute to/lead to/result in/contribute to/bring about/give rise to4.对.有害：harm/impair/hinder/be detrimental/be harmful/do sb.no go
21、od5.对.有影响：exert/have an influence/effect/impact on6.不足的：not enough/lack of/insufficient7.重要的：(adj.)important/significant/vital/essential (v.)matter/count8.建议(应该)：Sb.be supposed to/ought to/be advised to do sth./Its(high/about)time that sb.should do/did sth./It is advised/suggested that sb.(should)do
22、 sth.9.基于/依据/与一致：baseon/match/in line with/according to/on the basis of/corresponding to3.表达微技能之说明议论类概要写作中的高频表达然后，我们可以将这些句子串起来，连成一篇然后，我们可以将这些句子串起来，连成一篇逻辑连贯，表逻辑连贯，表达独立达独立的概要写作：的概要写作：Although parents assume that praise will boost kids confidence,too much praise may give rise to detrimental influences.
23、Lack of praise will impair kids confidence and motivation.Experts argue that the quality of praise is more vital than the quantity and its the process not the end product that counts.It is also suggested that parents give praise on the basis of actual cases and kidsefforts.3.表达微技能之说明议论类概要写作中的高频表达常用词
24、块常用词块/句型的积累：（接上文）句型的积累：（接上文）10.与.有联系;与.有关：be associated with./be related to./be connected with./be linked to11.对.负责：be responsible for./take responsibility for/be to blame12.深受欢迎:gain/enjoy/win growing/great/wide popularity13.有益的：be useful/beneficial to/be of great benefit to.14.重视：value/attach impo
25、rtance to/lay emphasis on15.解决：solve/deal with/cope with/settle16.拒绝：reject/refuse/resist17.困难的：challenging/tough/difficult18.优缺点：strengths and weaknesses/advantages and disadvantages19.在许多方面：in many ways/aspects20.利用：use/employ/make use of/take advantage of 21.尽力做某事：try ones best to do sth./spare n
26、o effort to do/make every effort to do22.毫无疑问：theres no doubt that/without doubt/undoubtedly23.减轻压力：reduce/relieve/ease peoples pressure24.事实上：actually/in fact/as a matter of fact/virtually3.表达微技能之说明议论类概要写作中的高频表达常用词块常用词块/句型的积累：（接上文）句型的积累：（接上文）25.成功做成某事：manage to do/succeed in doing/make it26.各种各样的：a
27、ll kinds of/a variety of/various+n.27.激发：inspire/stimulate/encourage28.越来越多：more and more/an increasing number of29.描述现象(越来越流行,引起关注等)：It is becoming a common phenomenon.The phenomenon of.is gaining popularity.is now a hot topic/a big hit worldwide.The phenomenon that.has long confused/puzzled scient
28、ists.30.未解决的问题是：.is a big problem waiting for us to deal with.is still/remains a problem to be solved.31.采取措施做：take(various)measures/steps/action to do32.报告显示/表明：A report/research shows/finds/discovers/indicates/suggests/says 33.某人做了一项实验/研究：do/conduct/perform/design/carry out a research/an experimen
29、t 3.表达微技能之说明议论类概要写作中的高频表达常用词块常用词块/句型的积累：（接上文）句型的积累：（接上文）34.某人同意：Sb.agree/support that Sb.approve of sth./be for sth./be in favor of(doing)sth.35.某人反对：Sb.disagree/challenge that Sb.argue against/object to/be against/be opposed to(doing)sth./disapprove of sth.36.不同人有不同的观点：Different people have differe
30、nt opinions about Peoples attitudes/opinions towards vary from person to person.People hold different opinions/views towards 37.（表原因）由于：because of/due to/as a result of/as a consequence of/owing to/thanks to&because/since/as+句子（表结果）所以：as a result/consequence/consequently/therefore/thus38.（表并列）而且：add
31、itionally/in addition/moreover/furthermore/more importantly39.（表转折）然而：however/nevertheless/unfortunately/unexpectedly/whereas/nonetheless尽管：1)despite./in spite of+n./短语 2)although/though+句子40.（表不同）instead/unlike/different from/conversely/while/on the opposite/on the contrary（表相同）like/in the same way
32、/in a like manner/similarly/likewise/equally important3.表达微技能之说明议论类概要写作中的高频表达概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型改写下述句子中改写下述句子中斜斜体字部分体字部分。1.People 1.People have different opinions towards have different opinions towards punishing children.punishing children._ _ _2.Playing in
33、the dirt2.Playing in the dirt improves improves kidskids immune system.immune system._3.3.A report has found A report has found technology technology benefits benefits family bonds family bonds becausebecause it it takes members closer.takes members closer._4.牛刀小试Different people have different opin
34、ions about punishing children./Peoples attitudes towards punishing children vary from person to person./People hold different opinions towards punishing children.Playing in the dirt boosts/promotes/enhances/strengthens/benefits/contributes to kids immune system.A report/research shows/discovers/indi
35、cates/suggests/says that technology is beneficial to family bonds as/since it takes members closer.概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型参考范文欣赏1Contrary toContrary to the common assumption that much praise will boost childrens confidence,overpraise tend to have negative effects
36、(point 1),while while lack of praise would also harm childrens self-trust and motivation(point 2).Thus,Thus,experts suggest that parents lay more emphasis on the quality of their praise,rather than the quantity,and and value their childrens efforts,rather than the results(point 3).Meanwhile,Meanwhil
37、e,praise for kids need to be based on actual situation and efforts made by kids(point 4).(77 words)概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型参考范文欣赏2Parents assume that praise can enhance kids confidence whilewhile too much praise may result in negative effects(point 1).ButBut when
38、not given enough praise,kids may also feel discouraged and lack confidence(point 2).According to experts,According to experts,it is the quality of praise rather than quantity that matters,and emphasis need to be laid on process instead of outcome(point 3).Additionally,Additionally,praise is supposed
39、 to be in line with actual cases and kids efforts(point 4).(72words)概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型参考范文欣赏3ThoughThough assumed to promote kids confidence,parents excessive praise may bring about undesirable results.Likewise,Likewise,lack of praise also impairs kids self-
40、trust and endeavor.ThereforeTherefore,what counts in praise isnt quantity but quality,which means that kids effort outweighs the outcome in praising.Equally importantEqually important,parents praise ought to be given corresponding to specific cases and kids effort.(69words)概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型概要写作1.2 6月高考真题概要（课件）-高考英语作文新题型
