1、第三讲介词第三讲介词(短语短语).单句语法填空1(2020高考浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ，through agriculture.解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，they lived 是定语从句，修饰先行词the world；省略了关系代词，说明关系代词在从句中作宾语。根据语法常识知，live常和介词in搭配，意为“居住在”。省略了的关系代词作in的宾语。答案：in2(2020高考全国卷)The artist was fina
2、lly humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist earth,Mother Nature.解析：考查介词。此处on earth相当于in the world，意思是“在世上，在人间”。答案：on3(2020新高考全国卷)Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.解析：考查介词。compete for.w
3、ith.为了而与竞争，为固定搭配。答案：for.单句改错1(2020高考全国卷)Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown._解析：考查介词。句意：知道你来到中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫我很高兴。come为不及物动词，后面加宾语时，需加介词。此处表示“来到”，故在come后加to。答案：come后加to2(2019高考全国卷)When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to
4、be a doctor._解析：考查介词。in/at high school意为“在高中”。答案：high前加in/at1for表示“(时间、距离)达到；计；因为，为了；就而言；(表示去向)往，向”等The meeting lasted for an hour.这次会议持续了一个小时。He is tall for his age.就他的年龄而言，他是个高个子。高频介词的基本用法 2by“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；被，由；按照，通过方式；数量(程度)达到”等The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。Can you finish the work by
5、 five oclock?你能在五点钟前完成工作吗？3with“带有，具有；随着；因为；就来说；用，以，和，与；对于，关于”等A young woman came in with a cup of coffee.一名年轻女子端着一杯咖啡走了进来。With education，you can be whatever you want to bea doctor，a lawyer or a pilot.凭借教育，你能成为任何你想成为的人医生、律师或飞行员。4of“属于，关于”等。此外，还常用在“It is/wasadj.of.”句型中，表示描述对象的特征This is a friend of mi
6、ne.这是我的一位朋友。5on“在之上；在(某一天)；处在情况中；关于(事或人)”等on the table在桌子上，on Sept.1在9月1日，on sale出售，on foot步行，an article on art 一篇关于艺术的文章6in“在内；(方向)以方向；在(某段时间)之后；穿着；(表示状态或状况)处于中；(表示使用的语言、材料等)用，以；在方面”等in all directions四面八方，in an hour 一小时后，in cash用现金，in a red coat穿着一件红色外套，in color在颜色方面，in ink用钢笔7against表示“反对，反抗，违背；倚，
7、靠；逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与相对抗”An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。1表示时间的介词after在之后at在时刻(时间点)before在之前 between在之间by在之前，不迟于 during在期间for(表示一段时间)on在(某一天)介词的分类 since自从以来 until/till直到in在(某段时间)之后；在(某月、某年等)from.to.从到shortly
8、after不久2表示空间关系和方位的介词3表示方式、方法、手段的介词(1)with多指用有形的工具、身体的某部位或器官；(2)by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；(3)in指使用某种语言、材料等；(4)on表示使用特指的交通工具，或依靠某种方式或方法等。4表示原因的介词或短语at 因为，由于as a result of 由于的原因because of 因为，由于due to 由于for 因为，由于on account of 由于owing to 因为，由于thanks to 幸亏，多亏with 由于(一)介词与动词的搭配take advantage of 利用thank sb.fo
9、r sth.为某事感谢某人rely on 依靠have an effect on 对有影响call for 需要介词的搭配 separate.from.把与分开apply for 申请make a list of 列出一张的单子feel like 想要play with 同一起玩；玩弄care about 关心；介意say goodbye to 对说再见pay for 为付款contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成begin with 以开始provide sb.with sth.提供某人某物refer to 提及；参考；查阅(二)介词与名词的搭配1“atn.”表示状态at a loss
10、 不知所措at peace 处于和平状态at war 在战争中at work 在工作2其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布3“onn.”表示状态on exhibition/show 在展出on fire 着火on sale 出售，打折on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假4其他以on开头的介词短语on account of 因为on b
11、ehalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不5“byn.”表示方式by accident 偶然by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手工by mistake 错误地by the day 按天算by nature 天生地6“inn.”表示方式in cash 用现金付款in depth 在深度上in detail 详细地in height 在高度上in length 在长度上in English 用英语7其他以in开头的介词短语in no time 立刻in no way 决不in place of
12、 代替in possession of 拥有，占有in addition to 另外in charge of 掌管in return 作为回报in spite of 尽管in exchange for 作为交换in favor of 支持，赞成in case of 万一；如果；假使in honour of 向表示敬意in memory of 为了纪念in support of 为支持8“ofn.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit 有益处的of help 有帮助的of importance 重要的of significance 有意义的of use 有用的of value 有价值
13、的9“out ofn.”表示状态out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 失去控制out of date 过期out of order 发生故障out of sight 看不见out of the question 不可能out of work 失业10“undern.”表示被动under attack 遭到袭击under pressure 在压力下under treatment 在治疗中under control 处于控制之中11“withn.”表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地with difficulty 困
14、难地with ease 轻而易举地with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地12“beyondn.”表示“超出，难以”beyond comparison 无与伦比beyond reach 够不到beyond description 难以描述beyond expression/words 难以表达(三)介词与其他词构成的搭配next to 紧挨着instead of 代替apart from 除之外according to 根据along with 随着together with 连同but for 要不是regardless of 不管，不顾up to 直到；由而定to an
15、d from 往返，来来回回分门别类话介词(一)语法填空中介词的做题技巧：1是否填介词介词必须接宾语，若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则考虑填介词。2填什么介词依据语境含义结合介词用法；依据介词与动词的搭配；依据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语时考虑with或without。语法填空典例With the Internet，parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable their children to see.分析：空格处与suitable构成固定短语be sui
16、table for.“适合”，故答案为for。(二)短文改错中介词的做题技巧：1介词误用掌握常规介词的固定用法；注意固定搭配中的介词。2介词缺失在某些及物动词短语中的缺失，如look(at)，listen(to)，take care(of)等；作宾语的代词、名词前介词的缺失，如next(to)me等。3介词多余不该用介词的短语中，如the next year错写成in the next year；及物动词多加了介词，如enter the room错写成enter into the room，return my book错写成return back/to my book等；副词前用介词，如the
17、re错写成in there。单句改错典例1As I was waiting the response from the manager，I saw an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to the counter._分析：动词wait为不及物动词，此句中的the response作宾语，因此在wait后加介词for，构成短语wait for“等候”。单句改错典例2Every time I look at the pictures for which I took，I will remember the water，the bridges a
18、nd the houses._分析：句中the pictures为先行词，在定语从句中作took的宾语，take意为“拍摄，照相”，此时是及物动词，因此去掉介词for。单句改错典例3Under our help，all the books were free from the rain._ 分析：“在某人的帮助下”用with the help of sb.或with ones help，因此Under改成With。.单句语法填空1A report published on Dec.6 says this style of health care，which includes different
19、 forms herbal medicine and exercise，has spread to 183 countries and regions.答案：like2In order to change attitudes employing women，the government is bringing in new laws.答案：to3Sleep might be one answer the problem.答案：to4The brand was born in Wuzhen in 1848 and has been popular the distinctive taste of
20、 its duck products.答案：for5Its great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.答案：of6This led the sudden and tremendous growth of its upandcoming industries.答案：to7Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing.He took art classes as a boy and got a
21、job as a commercial designer the age of 18.答案：at8A total of 956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions (include)the United States，Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event.答案：including9Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters their schoolwork and future plans b
22、ut should not push them to talk if they dont want to.答案：about10The term“Mandarin”can also refer to Standard Mandarin，which is based the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing.答案：on.单句改错1Of all my teachers，Mr.Moore is the one who makes an impression of me._2Some jokingly put it that friends are made to b
23、e taken advantage._第二个ofon advantage后加of 3Weak as he seemed，he went straight into the sea with any hesitation._4Some students may get access for some unhealthy websites，which does harm to their development._5We had to go to home that day._withwithout forto 去掉第二个to.语法填空The Yangko Dance is a tradition
24、al Chinese folk dance 1.(create)by the farmers when they worked in the rice field 2.(hundred)of years ago.Many Chinese people like the dance and take it 3.an important method of relaxing,no matter when there is a spring festival or when there are some special 4.(celebrate)Before the Yangko Dance sta
25、rts,the music 5.(perform)to build the dancer an atmosphere and a rhythm to follow.As the dance content comes from special folk legends,men and women performing the dance are dressed in 6.(color)costumes and necessary props are used.During the dance,the dancers are wagging their body and walking at7.
26、_exaggerated(夸张的)pace to present old stories to the audience in a new style.The dance also shows 8._(they)happy mood and life.While the dancers are dancing on the ground,there is usually a big crowd around them，9._(appreciate)and sharing the feelings of the dancers there.During the busy farming seas
27、on the dancers work in the fields，10._when the lunar New Year comes around they put on their costumes to perform the Yangko Dance,greeting the new year and carrying on an ageold tradition.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的民间传统舞蹈秧歌。1解析：考查非谓语动词。create和dance有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。答案：created2解析：考查数词。表示不确定的数目，hundred后要
28、加s。hundreds of“几百，数百”。答案：hundreds3解析：考查固定搭配。take.as为固定搭配，意为“把看作”。答案：as4解析：考查名词的单复数。celebration是可数名词，根据前面的some可知，该词要用复数形式。答案：celebrations5解析：考查时态和语态。perform和music之间是动宾关系，时态是一般现在时，所以填is performed。答案：is performed6解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词要用形容词。答案：colorful7解析：考查冠词。pace是单数可数名词，表示泛指，exaggerated是以元音音素开头的单词，所以填an。答案：a
29、n8解析：考查代词。修饰mood要用形容词性物主代词。答案：their9解析：考查非谓语动词。appreciate和crowd是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词ing形式作伴随状语；根据后面的and sharing也可以确定答案为appreciating。答案：appreciating10解析：考查连词。根据语意可知，上下文是转折关系，所以填but。答案：but.短文改错 Dear Tommy，Im glad to hear that you are very interested for Guoxue.Let me to give you a simple introduction.Genera
30、lly speaking,Guoxue refers to the excellent traditional Chinese culture,which include philosophy,literature,history,music,painting and so on.Guoxue has been playing an increasing important part in China,especially for us students.Not only it tell us how to study,but it also teaches us what to live.M
31、ore and more Guoxue course are given in schools of different levels all over China.If you want to get the better understanding of Guoxue,you are welcome to China to learn it,feel it and enjoy them.Im sure youll benefit from live in two different cultures.Im looking forward to seeing you soon in China.Yours，Wang Kai
