1、The present perfect tense:Have/has+the past participleI have received a letter from Lily recently.Has he handed in her homework yet?He has just gone to Beijing.They have never been to the USA.We have lived here for ten years.past perfect tense过去完成时由过去完成时由had+过去分词构成过去分词构成 表示过去的过去表示过去的过去生的动作生的动作 构成方式构
2、成方式:肯定句肯定句:had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 否定句否定句:had not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问句一般疑问句:had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词肯定回答肯定回答:Yes,主语主语+had.否定回答否定回答:No,主语主语+hadnt.基本用法:1.1.过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态或表示经历或经验前发生的动作或存在的状态或表示经历或经验.(1)我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰 而生气而生气.(2)我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始了我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始了.I
3、 said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.The film had begun before we got to the cinema.2.2.过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。常和延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。常和byby或或since,forsince,for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用引导的表时间的从句或短语连用,但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照.1.1.他来我们学校之前已
4、经在那所学校工作了三年他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.2.2.当当MillieMillie到达电影院的时候到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了半个小时了电影已经开始了半个小时了.3.3.自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.We hadnt seen each
5、other since he left Nanjing.3.3.过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完成的动作成的动作.过去的时间由过去的时间由before,after,before,after,whenwhen引导的时间从句表示出来引导的时间从句表示出来.1.1.我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了.2.2.当我赶到学校时当我赶到学校时,已经开始上课了已经开始上课了.3.3.在我到家之前他已经走了在我到家之前他已经走了.I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.The c
6、lass had begun when I got to school.He had left before I got home.4.4.在在told,said,knew,heard,thoughttold,said,knew,heard,thought等等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。时。1.1.她说她从来没有去过巴黎。她说她从来没有去过巴黎。She said(that)she had never been to Paris.2.2.我觉得我以前见过他。我觉得我以前见过他。I thought that I had seen him before
7、.3.Tom3.Tom说他借了这本书两周了。说他借了这本书两周了。Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.kept5.5.表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,hope,wish,expect,think,mean,supposeexpect,think,mean,suppose等，用过等，用过去完成时表示去完成时表示“原本原本，未能，未能”。1.1.结果比我们想象的要好。结果比我们想象的要好。The result was better than what we had expected.2.我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。
8、我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.试作比较：昨天我见到王先生了自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见昨天我见到王先生了自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。过面。I saw Mr.Wang yesterday.We had not seen each other since he left Beijing.自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。We have not seen each other since he left Beijing.试比较：试比较：1.我在这工作已经五年
9、了。我在这工作已经五年了。2.到到2005年年8月，我在这工作已经五年了。月，我在这工作已经五年了。过去完成时与现在完成时的区别过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关与现在有关.其结构为其结构为”助动词助动词have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时过去完成时则是一个相对的时态态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调更强调”过去的过去的过去过去”,只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时只有和过去的某时或
10、某动作相比较时,才用到它才用到它.到目前为止我已经学会了到目前为止我已经学会了30003000个单词个单词.到那时我已经学会了到那时我已经学会了30003000个英语单词个英语单词.I have learned 3000 English words so far.I have learned 3000 English words so far.I had learned 3000 English words till then.I had learned 3000 English words till then.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别过去完成时与一般过去时的区别1.1.时间状语不同过去完
11、成时在时间上强调时间状语不同过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间去某一特定的时间 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.(说明不到点就在车站了）说明不到点就在车站了）They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.(说明点到车站的）说明点到车站的）2)2)在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断，先发生的用过去完成时，后
12、发生的用一断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时般过去时I had finished my homework before my mother came back.在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。)当两个或两个以上的动作用当两个或两个以上的动作用and或或but连接连接时，按时间顺序只需用一般过去时代替过时，按时间顺序只需用一般过去时代替过去完成时；另外在引导的从句中由于这些去完成时；另外在引导的从句中由于这些连词本身已经表示时间的先后，因此也可连词本身已经表示时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时以用过去时来代替过去完成时 He enter
13、ed the room,turned on the light and read an evening paper.I(had)called her before I left the office.More practiceWhen I arrived there,they_(leave)already.The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.I _(read)the book before I started school.They thought that they_(try)their best.The poor girl never sa
14、w her grandpa because he _ (pass away)before she was born.I _ (not realize)she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.had lefthad startedhad readhad triedhad passed awayhadnt realized 选择填空()1.-“Did you see Tom at the party?”-“No,Mary told me that he _ by the time I got there.”A.left B.was leaving C.had left
15、D.has left()2.He said that he _ his lunch yet.A.hadnt had B.hasnt had C.wouldnt have D.was having()3.By the end of last year we _ each other for ten years.A.have known B.knew C.were knowing D.had known()4.I saw Li Lei yesterday.We hadnt seen each other _ I left Beijing.A.after B.before C.since D.unt
16、il cA D c()6.I learned_ the city for a long time.A.she has been in B.she has gone to C.she had been in D.she had gone to()7.He said that he _ a cold for three days.A.has B.had caught C.had had D.has got()8.I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday,but she told me she_the radio for ten days.A
17、.has bought B.had bought C.has had D.had had ccD()9.The film _ when I got there.A.has begun B.had already started C.began D.have already begun ()10.The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema.A.had already been on B.had already begun C.have already been on D.have already begun A B 1.1.他来我们学
18、校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.2.2.当当MillieMillie到达电影院的时候到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了半个小时了电影已经开始了半个小时了.3.3.自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.We havent seen
19、each other since he left Nanjing.4.4.到上学期末到上学期末,我们已经学历我们已经学历40004000多个单词多个单词.By the end of last term,we had learnt over 4,000 words.5.5.我们完成这项工作比预料中的时间要早的多我们完成这项工作比预料中的时间要早的多.6.6.贝尔在贝尔在3030岁前发明了电话岁前发明了电话.We finished the work much earlier than we had expected.Bell had invented the telephone before he
20、 was 30.The young couple had lived here for three years before he moved in the residential quarter.7.7.在他搬进这个小区在他搬进这个小区(residential quarter)(residential quarter)之前之前,那对夫妇已经那对夫妇已经在这儿住了三年了在这儿住了三年了.More practice:1.He told me he _(meet)her before.2.She thanked me for what I _(do)for her son.3.I _(learn)
21、300 words by the end of last month.4.He _(leave)his office when I arrived there.5.She _(visit)the city three times before she died in 1997.6.They knew she _(borrow)a lot of money for her daughter.7.Great changes _(take)place in my hometown since 1996.8.He _(live)in Beijing since he was born.9.He told me he _(live)in Beijing since he was born.had methad donehad learnthad lefthad visitedhad borrowedhave takenhas livedhad livedThe end
