1、Section Grammar&Writing 动词ing形式作主语和宾语一、动词ing形式作主语1动词ing形式作主语时，常表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。Swimming is my favourite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2在“It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等”之后需用动名词作真正的主语。Its no use waiting for him any longer.再等他是没有用的。Its a waste
2、of time arguing about it.争论此事是没有用的。二、动词ing形式作宾语1可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，cant help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)We were lucky to escape being punished.我们很幸运，没有受罚。I tried to av
3、oid making the same mistake.我尽力避免犯同样的错误。I cant stand being treated like that.我受不了被那样对待。She cant help crying when she heard the bad news.当她听到坏消息时她忍不住哭了起来。2英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动词ing形式作宾语。常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to
4、，pay attention to等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。The old couple have got used to living in the countryside.这对老夫妇已习惯生活在乡下了。3在有些动词的后面，如：start，begin，continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。4在love，hate，prefer，like
5、等动词后接动词ing形式作宾语指经常性的情况，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。He preferred staying in the house when it rained.天下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都留在家里。)I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，指今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)Having finished the exercises，we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.做完练习以后，我们继续学习下
6、一单元的生词。After a short rest，they went on working.短暂的休息之后，他们又继续工作。He stopped talking when the bell rang.铃响的时候，他停止了讲话。While working，he stopped to talk with Tom at times.工作的时候，他不时地停下来和汤姆谈话。三、动词ing形式的否定形式动词ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词ing形式之前。Excuse me for my not coming on time.请原谅我没按时到。Not wanting
7、 to continue my service in the factory，I joined the army.由于不想继续在这家工厂工作了，我就参了军。四、动词ing形式的复合结构动词ing形式的复合结构的构成方式为：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词动词ing形式。此结构多在句中作主语和宾语等，其中名词所有格/形容词性物主代词是动词ing形式的逻辑主语。当该复合结构作宾语时，名词所有格可用普通格代替，形容词性物主代词可用代词宾格代替，但作主语时不可以。Do you mind my/me coming late for the film?我看电影迟到你介意吗？Marys being late f
8、or class made her teacher very angry.玛丽上课迟到让她老师非常生气。Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们。Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？五、动词ing形式的时态在时态上，动词ing有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)两种形式。当动词ing形式表示的动作发生的时间不明确，或与谓语动作同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之后时，用动词ing形式的一般式；当动词ing表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时，常用其完成式。I
9、enjoy playing football.(playing表示的时间概念不明确)Hes been used to going to bed late.(going to bed与has been used to同时发生)Im sorry for not having kept my promise.(not having kept my promise 发生在Im sorry之前)需要特别注意的是，有时候通过上下文可以明显地看出动词ing动作和谓语动作的先后时间关系，或者在一些动词(如remember，forget，regret)和动词短语(如excuse sb.for，thank sb.
10、for)中，尽管动词ing表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，我们也常用其一般式来代替完成式，或者两种形式通用。Thank you very much for having helped me a lot.Thank you very much for helping me a lot.谢谢你帮了我这么多忙。六、动词ing形式的语态在语态上，动词ing形式有主动式(doing，having done)和被动式(being done,having been done)。主动式表示主动意义，被动式表示被动意义。He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到
11、医院去。He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.他坚持要被派到乡下工作。.用所给动词的适当形式填空1_(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.(use)答案：Not being able to use/Being unable to use/Not being capable of using/Being incapable of using2Its no use_(argue)with Tom because he
12、will never change his mind.答案：arguing3The girl has to practice_(play)the piano for 2 hours per day.答案：playing4When he heard the news，he couldnt help _(jump)with joy.答案：jumping5I think Ill have to give up_(play)football because of the coming examination.答案：playing6They are considering_(go)to Hainan f
13、or the summer holidays.答案：going7The cat ran away to avoid_(catch)答案：being caught8The book is worth_(read)答案：reading.单项填空1(2012北京高考)One learns a language by making mistakes and_them.AcorrectsBcorrectCto correct Dcorrecting解析：考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：一个人的语言学习是通过不断地犯错误并改正错误来实现的。介词by后为动名词making，and表示并列关系，因此and前后非谓
14、语动词形式一致，故选择D项。答案：D2(2012辽宁高考)Rod loves_clocks.However，he never manages to put them together again.Ataking apart Bgiving awayCmaking up Dturning off解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意：Rod喜欢拆时钟。然而，他从来没有能再组装上过。take apart“拆卸，拆开”。give away“赠送，泄露”；make up“编造，虚构，组成，化妆，补上，和解”；turn off“关掉”。答案：A3(2012福建高考)China recently tightened
15、 its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from_in the South China Sea.Aattacking Bhaving attackedCbeing attacked Dhaving been attacked解析：句意：最近，中国为了保护中国渔船在南海不受到袭击，加强了黄岩岛附近水域的管辖。prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.“阻止某人/某物做某事”，根据句意可知，attack与fishing boats之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C项
16、。答案：C4To our surprise，the girl is considering_to live in Tibet.Ato move Bto have movedCmoving Dhaving moved解析：句意：让我们惊奇的是，那个女孩正在考虑搬去西藏住。表示“考虑做某事”，consider后跟动名词作宾语；此处表示尚未实现的动作，应用动名词的一般式。答案：C5_from the job for a long time makes my father have a sense of loss.ARetire BRetiringCHave retired DHaving retir
17、ed解析：句意：退休那么长时间使我父亲有一种失落感。句子缺少主语，且retire这一动作发生在句子谓语动词makes之前，故用动名词的完成式。动词原形与have done均不能作主语；retiring表示与谓语动词同时发生或在其后发生。答案：D6I still remember_to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Ato take Bto be takenCtaking Dbeing taken解析：句意：我仍旧记得被带到法门寺以及在那里所看到的一切。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，再根据句意选择其被动形式。答案：D7The
18、 customers objected to_unfairly in the course of shopping.Abe treated Bbeing treatedCtreating Dhaving treated解析：句意：顾客们反对在购物过程中遭受不公平待遇。object to中to是介词，后跟动名词作宾语；customers与treat是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。答案：B8We made the right choice.Its nice_the holiday at the beach.Aspent Bbeing spentCspending Dspend解析：句意：我们做了正
19、确的选择。在海边度假很惬意。第二个句子中it是形式主语，句子缺少真正主语，故排除A、D两项；spend的逻辑主语是we，其后带有宾语the holiday，故用动名词的一般式。答案：C9I regret_you that Tom regretted_you his deskmate.Your characters differ greatly.Atelling；making Bto tell；to makeCtelling；to make Dto tell；making解析：句意：我很遗憾地告诉你汤姆后悔跟你做了同桌。你们的性格差别太大了。regret to do“遗憾地要去做”；regret
20、 doing“后悔做过”。根据句意判断，第一空用不定式，第二空用动名词。答案：D10I didnt mean_you.I just wanted to warn you against doing such a thing.Ato hurt BhurtingCto have hurt Dhurt解析：句意：我没打算伤害你，只是想提醒你不要做那样的事。mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”，mean to do sth.“打算做某事”。根据句意判断此处应用不定式作宾语，且句中强调的是一个过去发生的事实，用不定式的一般式即可。答案：A11I forgot_the clock，so I go
21、t up late this morning.Ato set up Bsetting upChave set up Dhaving set up解析：句意：我忘了设闹钟，所以今天早上起晚了。forget to do“忘记做某事”，forget doing“忘记做过某事”，由后面的“起晚了”可知没设闹钟，故选A项。答案：A12The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.Ato find BfindCfinding Don finding解析：insist on doing sth.“坚持做某事”，是固定
22、搭配。答案：D13I prefer_down in the quiet countryside _in the noisy cities.Asettle；to live Bto settle；to liveCsettling；to living Dsettling；rather than living解析：prefer doing to doing或prefer to do rather than do是正确搭配。答案：C14Whether you believe it or not，it is_that causes your illness.Abecause of your overwei
23、ghtBbecause you are overweightCyou are so overweightDyour being overweight解析：考查强调句型。在本题中，被强调部分为动名词的复合结构，并在句中作主语，正常语序为your being overweight causes your illness。答案：D15Henry doesnt seem to be what he was.No._so many terrible things in the war has made him more thoughtful.ASeen BHis seeingCHaving seen D
24、To have seen解析：考查动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，其构成为“形容词性物主代词/名词所有格动名词”。答案：B如何写好海报【写作指导】一、海报的作用海报主要用来向公众发布电影、戏剧、比赛、报告会、展览会等消息，具有广告宣传的性质。二、写作要领1文体特点：“短小精悍”是海报突出的文体特点。因此，写海报要做到主旨鲜明，言简意赅，用词准确。2语言特点：海报语言要生动，富有鼓动性。3标题写作：标题一般写在上方正中。标题可以反映海报的核心内容，如football match(足球比赛)，lecture(讲座)，film news(影讯)等，也可直接写POSTER。4写作内容：海报的正文内容要写
25、明具体内容、活动时间、地点，以及某些规定、要求、组织者等。内容的表现形式比较自由，根据实际情况和表达效果的需要可考虑用什么字体、字形，用什么样的形式，是否配图画等，可按行排列也可逐项说明。5落款：出海报的单位、团体名称一般写在右下角，日期写在署名下一行的左下角，有时候也可不写日期。6时态：一般用现在时和将来时。【白金模板】Poster(标题)There will be a.(具体内容)Time：(时间)Place：(地点)For further information，please contact/call/visit our website(未尽事宜请)(出海报的单位、团体名称)(出海报时间
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