1、（madeofdingshangtuwenmadeofdingshangtuwen）Unit4 Exploring plantsCan you tell the name of the flower?Tulip Tulips are beautiful flowers and people often Send them to their friends as presents.It comes from North America.Indians there began to grow them some 3000 years ago.Peony the Chinese national f
2、lowerRose Roses are best presents to be sent to friends.And it is also very popular to send roses as love signal between young people.Red roses indicate warmth and love and white ones,purity and simplicity,blue ones,honesty and sincerity.Which is your favorite flower?Why?Which is your favorite flowe
3、r?Why?rose 玫瑰玫瑰tulip 郁金香郁金香peony 牡丹牡丹sunflower 向日葵向日葵Which flower is your favorite?Why?rosered roses indicate warmth and lovewhite ones,purity（纯洁）纯洁）and simplicity（朴实）朴实）blue ones,honesty and sincerity.Joseph BanksDaniel solanderKarl LinnaeusTeacherStudentlifelong friendsWhat happened in these years
4、?Complete the sentences.1 In l5OO BC,the Queen of Egypt sent ships to gather plants,animals and other goods.2 In the 1740s,a French Catholic missionary called Father dIncarville was sent to Beijing.3 In1751,some Tree of Heaven seeds arrived in England.Comprehending 4 In1769,Sir Joseph Banks collecte
5、d vast quantities of plants in the land now known as Australia 5 In 1784,the Tree of Heaven was introduced into North America.6 In 1833,Nathaniel Ward used two special cases that he had invented to ship British plants to Sydney,Australia.7 Between 1843 and 1859,a British plant collector Robert Fortu
6、ne.made several trips to China 8 During the second half of the nineteenth century,many Catholic missionaries were sent to China from France.9 In 1897,a French Plant collector Father Farges.sent seeds of the Dover Tree from China to France.10 In 1899,a Plant collector,E H Wilson.collected a large qua
7、ntity of the seeds of the Dove Tree in China.Grammar1.Collecting“exotic”plants,as they are called,dates back to the earliest times.(Reading Para.1)【解析】date back to从现在追溯到过去某时，相当于date from或go back to。【考查方向】考查date back to短语作谓语的情况。因“追溯”是从现在算起指向过去，所以改动词的时态通常用一般现在时，没有被动语态。【考题预测】His interest in stamp colle
8、cting his school days.A.is dated from B.dates back to C.is dated back to D.dates【点拨】date back to(date from)无被动形式，而date作动词表示“写上日期”，与句意不符，故选B。2.Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions,often facing many dangers including disease,near-starvation,severe environments and con
9、flicts with the local people.(Reading Para.2)【解析1】动词-ing短语often facing many dangers including disease,near-starvation,severe environments and conflicts with the local people作谓语took the opportunity的伴随状语。【考查方向】非谓语动词的考测。现在分词短语作伴随状语，它同句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，并且和句子谓语动作几乎是同时发生。【真题再现】We often provide our children
10、with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.（全国卷III 2006）A.thinkingB.thinkC.to thinkD.thought【点拨】we和think构成逻辑上的主谓关系，而且动作thinking that同动作provide同时发生。故选A。【解析2】conflict是名词，意为“冲突，斗争”，常构成短语有：in conflict有矛盾，有冲突；in conflict with和有矛盾，和不一致；bring sb into conflict使某人与发生争执等等。【考查方向】考
11、试时会把conflict同argument（辩论）,negotiation（谈判）,bargain（契约，合同）,battle（战斗，战争）,campaign（战役，活动，运动）,struggle（竞争，奋斗）,contact（联系，接触）,connection（联接，关系）等名词放在一起辨析。【真题再现】In dealing with public relations,we should make every effort to prevent the _ in personality.（上海2004）A.contact B.contrast C.connection D.conflict【
12、点拨】contact“联系，接触，交际，交往”；contrast“对比，对照”；connection“联系，关系”；conflict“争论，冲突，抵触，斗争”。句意：在处理公共关系时，我们应努力防止价格冲突。故选D。3.In 1769,Banks collected vast quantities of plants in the land now known as Australia.(Reading Para.4)【解析1】quantity作名词，意为“量，数量，总量”，quantity前可用huge,good,great,large，small,vast等词语修饰。【考查方向】“a la
13、rge quantity of+可数名词复数”作主语，相当于“a large number of+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语，相当于“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语一般情况下用单数，但如果“quantities of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。【真题再现】As a result of destroying the forests,a large_ of desert _ covered the land.（2001年上海）A.number has B.quantityhas C.number
14、have D.quantity have【点拨】a large number of后面接复数名词，所以排除A和C；a large quantity后面跟的是desert，表示“沙漠”，用于不可数名次，所以排除D。句意为：破坏森林的结果是大片沙漠覆盖了陆地。选B。【解析2】句中now known as Australia是过去分词短语作the land的后置定语，相当于定语从句which is now known as Australia。be known as以著称。【考查方向】考查非谓语动词作定语。以be known引出的短语有：be know as作为而出名；be known for因而出
15、名；be known to为知道。【真题再现】Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_as 3M.（浙江2004）A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known【点拨】过去分词短语作定语。故选B。4.A British man called Robert Fortune was one of the earliest plant collectors to useWardian cases.(Reading Para.7)【解析】句中the earliest是形
16、容词最高级作plant collectors的定语，动词不定式短语to useWardian cases作collectors的后置定语。【考查方向】当名词被形容词最高级或序数词(含last)等修饰时，其后接动词不定式作定语。【真题再现】This company was the first _ portable radio as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.（上海2005春）A.producing B.to produce C.having produced D.produced【点拨】the first后面省略了名词company
17、，the first后接动词不定式作后置定语。句意：这家公司是世界上第一家生产小收音机和录音机的公司。选B。5Although the missionaries collected large numbers of specimens,there was not enough material for growing particular species in Western gardens.(Reading Para.9)【解析】although是从属连词，意为“尽管，虽然，然而”，引导让步状语从句，起补充说明的作用。【考查方向】考查连词although与其他连词的辨析。although不与
18、but连用，但可与副词still或yet连用。although与though同义，用法也基本相同，但在让步从句中，though的位置比较活（如“Though he is poor”和“Poor though he is”），although则通常置于从句之首。【真题再现】he has limited technical knowledge,the old worker has a lot of experience.（全国I卷2006）A.Since B.Unless C.As D.Although【点拨】since和as表示原因，unless表示条件，although表示让步。根据句意，本题
19、引导although让步状语从句，故选D。1.Last week while we were going through the forest.I lost touch with my friend.I was very frightened at that moment.But now I think it was _ exciting _.A.a;experience B.an;experienceB.C./;experience D./;experiencesC.2.In the botanical garden we can find a(n)_ of plants that rang
20、e from tall trees to small flowers.D.species B.groups E.C.amount D.variety3.This is a very special flower and it can _ a strong sweet perfume at night.A.give in B.give up B.C.give out D.give over4.It was _ back home after he finished the report.A.not until midnight did he go B.B.until midnight that
21、he didnt goC.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didnt went5.They are so close friends and their friendship college days.A.dates back to B.are dated back to B.C.are dated from D.dates back from6.Can you give me some advice about the design?I think it should _ to all ages and soc
22、ial groups.A.appear B.appeal C.suit D.fit7._,he would come late and then say he was sorry.A.Eventually B.Typically B.C.Particularly D.Especially8.There was a little nice present for everyone,with a suitable poem _ to it.A.attached B.attacked B.C.attracted D.attributed9.It was suggested that the NMET
23、 _ in the city because of the flood.A.was postponed B.be postponedB.C.would be postponed D.had been postponed10.Famous _ a writer,Lu Xun is well-known _ Chinese _ his wonderful works.A.like;for;as B.for;to;asB.C.as;to;for D.to;as;for11.When I try to understand _ that prevents so many Americans from
24、being as happy as one might expect,it seams to me that there are two causes.A.why it does B.what it doesB.C.what it is D.why it isC.12.Entry in this competition is _ to amateurs.A.weakened B.omitted C.restricted D.lowered13.In dealing with public relations,we should make every effort to prevent the
25、_ in personality.A.contact B.contrast C.connection D.conflict14.Waiter!My wife takes great interest in most of the food on the menu.Thanks._.Salad,fried fish,fried chicken and orange juice,please.A.What can I do for you?B.At your service?B.C.Shall I take your order?D.Oh,what?C.15.I didnt know this w
26、as a one-way street on that avenue.officer._.A.Thats all right.B.You are sure.B.C.How dare you say that?D.Sorry,but thats no excuse.Language points1 However，it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale 然而，直到18和19世纪人们对植物世界
27、大规模的探索才开始。It iswas not untilthat的意思是“直到才 ”。如：Actually it was not until 4 June that the submarines arrived at the station.实际上，直到6月4号舰艇才到达基地。It was not until the l880s that there were consistent experimental findings to support his theory.直到19世纪80年代才有了一致的实验发现支持他的理论。另外，含有not until结构的句子也还可以放在句首来表示强调，这时主
28、旬用倒装句。如：Not until the early years ofthel9th century didmarl know what heat is.直到19世纪初期人们才知道什么是热能。Not until 1 began to work did I realize bow muchtime I had wasted直到开始工作时我才意识到自己浪费了多少时间。on a large scale意思是“大规模地”。如：The aim of the project is to test whether thismethod provides valid results when it is e
29、mployed on a large scale这个项目的目的是检验当这种方法被大规模运用时是否有效。scale在这儿的意思是“规模；程度；范围”。如：a largescale business operation大规模的商业运作Many companies are now expanding to benefitfrom economies of scale许多公司因大规模的经营扩展而获利。scale用作名词时，还可以表示“等级；标准”。如：The force of the wind is measured on a standardscale of 012。风力用012级的标准来测量。Th
30、e earthquake measured6.5 on the Richter scale 这次地震是里氏6.5级。表示“刻度，标度”。如：The ruler has one scale in centimeters and onescale in inches这把尺子一边是用厘米，一边用英寸刻度。scales表示“磅秤;天平”。美国用scale。如：Putting it on the scales把它放在天平上。bathroom scales浴室磅秤 表示“比例；比例尺”。如：The plan of the building was drawn to scale 这栋大楼的平面图是按比例绘制
31、的。The map has a scale of one centimeter to the kilometer 这幅地图的比例是一厘米代表一公里。或介词of doing。如：When we were finally alone，It took the opportunity to ask him a few personal questions当我们终干单独 在一起的时候，我趁机问了他几个私人问题。Id like to take this opportunity of thanking everyone for their hard work 0n the project我愿借 此机会感谢每
32、个人为这个项目所付出的辛勤劳动。They took the opportunity to visit Arm while they were in London在伦敦时他们找了机会去看望了安。注意opportunity与其它动词或介词的搭配。如：You shouldnt miss the opportunity to see the play it is rarely put on你不要错过看这场戏的机会，它很少上演。There will be plenty of opportunity for asking questions later最后有很多机会问问题。conflict意思是“冲突,抵
33、触-争论”。如：The two parties have been in conflict since the election自从选举以来两党一直陷入矛盾之中。conflict还有“战争，战斗;斗争”的意思。如：This is a serious dispute and could lead to armed conflict这存在着严重的分歧，很可能导致武装冲 突。3At that time，there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans and soin order t0 travel unnoticed，he developed
34、 his fluency in Chinese and dressed as a Chinese man，even shaving his head in the Chinese style那时候，欧洲人在中国的活动受到种 种限制，因此，为了在旅行时不被别人注意，他努 力使自己的汉语讲得很流利，并且穿着中国人的服 装，甚至像中国人一样削发(留辫)。这是个并列句，At that time，there were restrictions On the movement of Europeans是并列句的第一部分，in order to travel unnoticed 是第二部分，由and把这两
35、部分连接起来。restriction意思是“限制约束”，注意它后面 所接的介词on，表示“限制或约束的具体内容”。如：This ticket permits you to travel anywhere。with out restriction这张票允许你无限制地访问任何地 方。Speed restrictions operate on all urban roads限速 规定适用于所有城市道路。词语联想 与restrictions意思相同的词是limits。如：Unfortunately there are certain limit son my time and I am unable
36、to help yon很不凑巧我有7时间限制，无法帮助你。Whats the speed limit on this road?这条路的限 速规定是多少?inordertotravelunnoticed是动词不定式做目的 状语。unnoticed是动词的过去分词形式，用作to travel的伴随情况状语。如：The teacher came in，followed by his students老 师进来，后面跟着他的学生。She sat by the window，lost in thought她在窗前坐下，陷入沉思。fluency是fluent的名词形式，意思是“流利 流畅”。如：To w
37、ork as a translator,you need fluency in at least one foreign language作为翻译你至少要流利地掌 握一门外语。She speaks German with impressive fluency她说 一口令人印象深刻的流利的德语。even shaving his head in the Chinese style；动词 的-ing形式，用作状语。如：The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had enjoyed h
38、is stay here 来访的部长在他的谈话里表达了他的满意，并补充 说他在这里很愉快。Even when we turn off the bed side lamp and are fast asleep，electricity is working for us。driving our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms a-conditioned即便当我们关掉床头灯，进入梦乡，电还在为我们工作，开动冰箱，热水保温或保持室 内空调的运转。shave意思是“刮(胡子、脸)，剃(须)，剃掉(身体某部位)上的全部毛发”。如：
39、I cut myself while I was shaving我在刮胡子的 时候制破了自己。He has decided to shave off his beard.他已决定刮 掉胡子。4-Not only did Fortune introduce over l20 species Of plants to Western gardens but he also shipped20，000 Tea plants from Shanghai to India,where a successful tea industry was established 福琼不仅把120余种植物引进入西方的
40、园林，而且还用船将两万株茶树从上海运到印度，印度的制茶工业就成功地发展起来了。not only放在旬首时，用来表示强调，这时句子需要倒装。如：Not only did the，bring snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest 他们不但买了零食和饮料，而且带来了为在森林里举行野餐时玩的扑克。Not only did he complain about the food，he also refused to pay for it他不但抱
41、怨食物，而且 拒绝付帐。Not only did he refuse the gift，he also severely criticized the sender他不仅拒绝收礼而且还严厉 地批评了送礼人。注意：只有当Not onlyBut also连接两个分 句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首 的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，就不 能用倒装结构。in：Not only John but also Ben should have got a full mark in the exam.不仅约翰，而且本也应在此次考 试中得到满分。introduce在本句的意思是
42、“引进引入”(to Bring in。especially for the first time)。如：Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America 土豆是从南美引入欧洲的。More advanced techniques have been introduced for production since then 从那以后许多的先进技术被引进到生产之中。词语联想 bring in也可表示“引进引入”的意思。如：The government intended to bring in a new law to reduce pol
43、lution政府想引入一项新的法律来减少污染。The influence of Europe has brought in many new fashions欧洲的影响带来了许多新的时尚。establish意思是“建立;创立;使开业”(start all organization)。如：As soon as the country became independent，it established its own national bank这个国家刚刚独立就建立了自己的国家银行。Most of the money is to be used to establish local industr
44、ies许多钱用来建立地方工业。词语联想 以下词语也可表示“建立；创立使开业”(start an organization)的意思。如：startstart up The family arrived herein 1922 and started up a chain of restaurants1922年这家人来到这里，开了 连锁饭店。They intend to use the money to start their own business他们想用这笔钱开戗自己的事业。open A new shopping mall has been opened on the east side o
45、f town在城东一家新的大型购物中心已经开业。Fifteen years ago Sally and her husband opened a small hotel on the edge of town 15年前，萨利和她的丈夫在城边开了一家小旅馆。set up Taylor is now in the process of setting up a new marketing company called BMT泰勒正忙着建立一个新的名叫BMT的贸易公司。Some of the people in our street ale setting up a neighborhood cri
46、me prevention committee我们街道的一些人正在建立一个社区预防犯罪的委员会。1.Choose the best answers 1)-Dont you think necessary that he be sent to New York rather than Miami?-I agree,but the problem is he has refused to.A.this;that B.it;that C.this;what D.it;what 2)So curious was he about wild plants that he decided _ a trip
47、 to Madagascar for further research.A.they will take B.taking C.to take D.they would have taken 3)-Victor certainly cares too much for himself.-Yes.Hes never interested in is doing.A.what anyone else B.that everybody C.which someone else D.that anybody else 4)-What should I do with this passage?-the
48、 main idea of each paragraph.A.Finding out B.To find it out C.Found out D.Find out 5)The old ladys hand shook constantly,and she _ this shaking had begun about half a year before.A.explained to the doctor how B.explained the doctor to C.told the doctor when C.told the doctor about 6)John is leaving
49、for London tomorrow and I will_ at the airport.A.send him away B.see him off C.send away him D.see off him 7)The head office of bank is in Beijing,but it has _ all over the country.A.companies B.organizations C.branches D.offices 8)Do you have any idea _ is going on in the classroom?A.that B.which C
50、.who D.what 9)When asked by the police,he said he remembered _ at the party,but not A.to arrive;leaving B.to arrive;to leave C.arriving;leaving D.arriving;to leave 10)We have been looking at houses,but havent found _ we like yet.A.one B.ones C.them D.itGrammar:1、间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语后面。如：He
