1、外研新标准选修六Module-Cloning(全国一等奖)insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/askshould do!should do!should do!二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有：常见的动词有：suggest,propose,recommend,demand,request,requi
2、re,command,order,insist,desire,urge等。等。一个坚持：一个坚持：insist(坚决要求坚决要求)两个命令：两个命令：order;command 三个建议：三个建议：suggest,advise,propose 四个要求：四个要求：demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法即从句中的动词即从句中的动词 使用使用should+动词原形，动词原形，shoul可省略。可省略。宾语从句宾语从句我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同
3、行。他们要求派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggested _.He insisted _.They requested(that)Tom _.(that)Tom have a rest(that)I(should)go with him(should)be sent to work thereThe teacher asked(that)our homework _.(should)be finished in time2.这些动词相对应的这些动词相对应的名词性从句名词性从句也用也用should doIt is sugges
4、ted that we(should)practise reading English everyday.The suggestion given by our teacher is that we(should)practise reading English everyday.The teacher give us a suggestion that we(should)practise reading English everyday.It is ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded that (s
5、hould)doThe/ones insistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire is/was that (should)doa/the suggestion/request(等等)that (should)do I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he(should)be sent there.注意：注意：如如suggest,insist不表示
6、不表示“建议建议”或或“坚持要某人做某坚持要某人做某事时事时”，即它们用于其本意，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ (obey)the rules.2He insisted that she _(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospitals at once.3He suggested that we _(have)a meeting at once.4His pale face
7、 suggested that he _(be)ill.obeywasbe senthavewas例例(2010福建，福建，29)Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow解析：解析：考查虚拟语气。考查虚拟语气。recommend后的宾语后的宾语从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形动词原形”，因此，因此A项正确。项正确。答案：答案：A
8、Its suggested that the plan(should)be carried out at once.The old womans demand is that her son(should)come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory(should)be closed down.在在“It is/was+某些形容词某些形容词/过去分词过去分词+that从句从句”句型中句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气语气,即即“(should+)动词原形动词
9、原形”,表示惊奇、遗憾、表示惊奇、遗憾、怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有:important,necessary,essential,natural,strange,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,surprising;过去分词有过去分词有:desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposed,decided等。等。3、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气It 做主后有形，做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行奇怪重要自然行 It is demanded
10、 that we should work out a plan.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.有人建议会议应推迟到下周。有人建议会议应推迟到下周。It is strange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。Its a pity that you(should)miss a good chance.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。Its necess
11、ary that we should have a walk now.她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。Its natural that she should do so.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Its important that we should take good care of the patient.她竟然没有被邀请她竟然没有被邀请,真是奇怪。真是奇怪。It is strange that she shouldnt have been invited.注意：以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。注意：以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。很奇怪他昨天没来。很奇怪他昨天
12、没来。Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.很可惜你没有跳舞。很可惜你没有跳舞。Its a pity that you didnt dance.3.wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句wish 的宾的宾语从句语从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could/might+V.原原 I wish I _(be)as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _(have not)eaten so m
13、uch watermelon.hadntI wish it _(will)rain tomorrow.If so,I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe wishes he _(become)a scientist some day.could/would become 我希望和你一样高。我希望和你一样高。I wish I were as tall as you.他希望他没讲那样的话。他希望他没讲那样的话。He wished he hadnt said that.我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。I wish it would
14、rain tomorrow.wish to do wish sb./sth.to doI wish to see the manager.=I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once.=I want the manager to be informed at once.三三.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1 would rather (that)宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或将来情况相反情况相反sb had done 与过去情况相反与过去情况相反I wo
15、uld rather you returned me my money now.I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2.as if/as though思考：思考：as if/as though 后面的句子是主句还是从句？后面的句子是主句还是从句？He behaves as if he _(own)the house.owned1).1).从句的动作与主句动作同时发生从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 (可以可以理解成与现在事实相反理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as
16、if he _(be)the owner of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _(be)there herself.had been2).2).从句的动作发生在主句动作之从句的动作发生在主句动作之前前 (可以理解成与过去事实相反可以理解成与过去事实相反)He coughed(咳嗽咳嗽)twice as if someone would come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。3).3).从句的动作发生在主句动作之后从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 (可以理解成与将来事实相反可以理解成与将来事实相反)Sh
17、e loves the baby as if it _ her own son.It seems as if it _ spring.I remember the whole thing as if it _ yesterday.They talked as if they _ friends for years.He looks as if he _ drunk.werewere had happened had beenwere 在在look,seem等系动词后的等系动词后的“as if/though”引导的从句引导的从句，当当表示真实情况时表示真实情况时，用陈述语气用陈述语气；否则就用虚
18、拟语气。否则就用虚拟语气。It seems as if it were already spring.好像已经是春天了。好像已经是春天了。(虚拟语气虚拟语气)It seems as if they know each other.他们好像彼此认识。他们好像彼此认识。(真实情况真实情况)3.It is(high/about)time (that)“是时候是时候.(做某事做某事)”注意注意:should不能省略不能省略 sb.did sb.should do 是时候采取措施来保护环境了。是时候采取措施来保护环境了。It is(high/about)time that we took/should
19、take measures to protect the environment.你该走了。你该走了。Its(high/about)time that you went/should go.例：例：Its high time the government _ measures to help the graduates.Atakes BtookCwill take Dhas taken解析：考查虚拟语气。句式解析：考查虚拟语气。句式It be(about/high)time接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式。一般过去式。答案：答案：B4.4.
20、在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气句式中常使用虚拟语气 Its necessary/strange/natural(自然的自然的,理应理应此的此的)/important +that sb.(should)do1).It is important that we _(master)a foreign language.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its _ that she _ to cometo the party.3).鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。It
21、 is _ that a bird _ in trees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest3、If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)If only I were a flying bird!要是我是一只飞鸟多好！要是我是一只飞鸟多好！Look at the trouble I am in.If only I had followed your advice!看看现在我的困境，要是我接受你的建议就好了看看现在我的困境，要是我接受你的建议就好了If only I knew the ans
22、wer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时If only例例(2010东北三校联考东北三校联考)Why do you look so upset?I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I _ more about her.Acare BcaredChad cared Dhad been cared解析：解析：考查虚拟语气。考查虚拟语气。if only表示表示“要是要是就好就好了了”，后面的句子要
23、用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。的形式。答案：答案：C5.even if(even though)即使；尽管即使；尽管Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then,I would have helped you.6 in case,for fear that,lest等引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气等引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气在在in case,for fear that,les
24、t等引导的目的状语从句中，等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式，也可用动词的的形式，也可用动词的一般现在式或一般过去式一般现在式或一般过去式。He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.他小心地拿着仪器他小心地拿着仪器,生怕把它摔碎了。生怕把它摔碎了。总结总结 wish,would rather,as if/as though,if only 表虚拟表虚拟时的共同点是：时的共同点是：时态往后退一步，同时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句四四.情
25、态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 1 本本想想/打算打算做某事却没做做某事却没做 2 本本应该应该做某事却没做做某事却没做 3 本本不该不该做某事却做了做某事却做了 4 本本能够能够做某事却没做做某事却没做 5 宁愿宁愿过去过去做了某事却没做做了某事却没做 6 最好最好过去过去做了某事却没做做了某事却没做 7 本本不必不必做某事却做了做某事却做了 would have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have
26、 done neednt have done must have done might have donecant/couldnt have done过去肯定发生了过去肯定发生了过去可能发生了过去可能发生了过去不可能发生过去不可能发生五五.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况1.insist,suggest2.as if/though3.ifinsist/suggest 各有两种意思，用不同各有两种意思，用不同的语气的语气insist:“坚决坚决/持要求持要求”用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,即即 should do;insist:“坚持认为坚持认为,坚持说坚持说”用陈述语气用陈述语气sug
27、gest:“建议建议”用虚拟语气，用虚拟语气，即即should do;suggest:“表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陈述语气用陈述语气 1.The teacher suggested that we _ (practise)more after class.2.Her pale face suggests that she _(be)ill today.3.He insisted that all of us _(get)there on time by any means.4.He insisted that he _(not steal)the diamond,and that he shou
28、ld be set free.他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。(should)practiseis(should)gethadnt stolen as if/as though When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it were broken.The dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain.a.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气
29、陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的或虚拟的或几乎无法实现的几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。Exercise 1.判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间A C C B A B B B C A Choose the best answer:1It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages.A could B can C should D would He gave orders that the experiment _ before
30、5:30 pm.A be finished B will finish C must be finished3 He _ you more help,even though he was very busy.A might have given B might give C may have given4 Without the leadership of the Party,there _ no New China.A would be B has been C should be D wasCAAA5 He is talking so much about America as if he
31、 _ there.A had been B has been C was D has gone6 The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A did;set B had done;should be set C should do;be set D had done;must be set7 Had you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.A are B were C would be D would have been8 You _ come earlier.Th
32、e bus left a moment ago.A would B should have C may D have BBCA1 （2010高考英语江苏卷）高考英语江苏卷）George is going to talk aboutthe geography of his country,but Id rather he_more on its culture.A focus B focused C would focus D had focused【答案答案】B【解析解析】本题考查虚拟语气的用法。本题考查虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气，后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反
33、，用动词的过去式。表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。2 （2010高考英语上海卷）高考英语上海卷）-Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh,you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A must B mustnt C should D shouldnt【答案答案】C【解析解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气。此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，本题考查的是虚拟语气。此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用应该用should+have+过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。过去分
34、词。本来应该做，而未做。3.（2010高考英语浙江卷）高考英语浙江卷）Had I known about thiscomputer program,a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be savedDwas saved【答案答案】A【解析解析】原形是：原形是：If I had known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy .故选择故选择A。4 （2010高考英语天津卷）高考英语天津卷）J
35、ohn went to the hospital alone.If he me about it,I would have gone with him.A should tell B tells C told D had told 【答案答案】D【解析解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用从句采用have done的结构，故选的结构，故选D。5 （2010高考英语陕西卷）高考英语陕西卷）If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A t
36、ake B had taken C took D have taken【答案答案】B【解析解析】主句的谓语动词形式主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反选可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。6 （2010高考英语湖南卷）高考英语湖南卷）If he my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A followed B should follow C had followed D would follow【答案答案】C7（2010高考英语北京卷）高考英语北京卷）-The weather has been very hot and
37、dry.-Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A wouldnt die B didnt dieC hadnt died D wouldnt have died【答案答案】D【解析解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用would/could/might/should+have done，即，即D项正确。项正确。1(2011北京北京)Maybe if I science,and not literature then,I wou
38、ld be able to give you more help.A studiedB would studyC had studied D was studying【答案与解析】C句意：如果我当时学的理科而不是文科，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。根据then一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反，if引导的从句用had+过去分词。2(2011陕西陕西)I through that bitter period without your generous help.A couldnt have goneB didnt goC wouldnt go D hadnt gone【答案与解析】A句意：如
39、果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。without your generous help相当于含蓄条件句if it hadnt been for your generous help，此处表示与过去事实相反，所以主句部分应采用couldnt have done 结构，表示“本不可能”。3(2011福建福建)-Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.-I it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A attended B had attended C would att
40、end D would have attended【答案与解析】D句意：“很可惜,你错过了这次有关核污染的演讲。”“我本来要参加，但忙于准备工作面试。”根据but后面的内容可知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，用would have done。4(2011北京北京)Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A werent B hadnt beenC wouldnt be D wouldnt have been【答案与解析】A句意：“孩子们都到哪里去了?这顿
41、饭就要被他们彻底破坏了。”“我希望他们不要总是迟到。”本题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟that从句采用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的用一般过去时，与过去事实相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时。5(2011江西江西)We Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A will put B will have putC would put D would have put【答案与解析】D句意：要不是John最近受了伤，我们昨天就把他的名字加到比赛名单上了。根据题干所提供的信息可知，设空处为与过
42、去事实相反的虚拟语气，故谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。【2012江西卷江西卷】22We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 答案：答案：B考点：考察情态动词的用法考点：考察情态动词的用法解析：解析：may not不可以，不可以，neednt不需要，不需要，cant不可能，不可能，mustnt绝不可绝不可能。本句句意为：既然能。本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要不
43、和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。买这么多食物。【2012重庆卷重庆卷】25 -_you interrupt now?Cant you see Im on the phone?-Sorry Sir,but its urgent.A Can B Should C Must D Would【考点考点】情态动词用法情态动词用法【答案答案】C【解析解析】句意：句意：“-你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？电话吗？-对不起，先生，事情很急。对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，
44、正确答案为选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。选项。【难度难度】一般一般【2012四川卷四川卷】9 I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,and I said“Ni Hao”just as I _ do in China.A must B might C can D should【答案与解析答案与解析】B 本题考查情态动词。句意为：我靠本题考查情态动词。句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说可能做的那样说“你好你好”。might表示表示“可能可能”。
45、故选。故选B。【2012全国全国II】17 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A can B might C would D need【答案答案】A【解析解析】此处考查了此处考查了can的本意的本意“能能”，表示，表示“能力能力”。句意：我要和句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。【考点定位考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。考查情态动词的用法。【2012全国新课程全国新课程】30 I use a clock to wake me up beca
46、use at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A couldnt B mustntC shouldnt D neednt【答案答案】D【解析解析】此处考查情态动词，此处考查情态动词，neednt+动词原形表示：没动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。点火车都经过我的房子。【考点定位考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。考查情态动词的用法。1 I advised that you _ the job as soon as
47、 possible.A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded thattheir pay _ be raised.A should B wouldC must D could3 My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he _ there.A not went B wont goC not go D not to go4 The teacher demanded that the exam _ b
48、efore eleven.A must finish B would be finished C be finished D must be finished5 Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill.A be B wasC should be D is6 He insisted he _right.A were B wasC be D is考题点击考题点击1 His suggestion that you _ once moresounds reasonable.A try B tries C must try D can try2 She made
49、 the demand that the journalists _ at once for Iraq.A leave B leavingC left D to be left3 We are in favor of your proposal that themeeting _.A should put off B was put offC be put off D is to put off4 It is high time the child _ to the hospital.A is sent B would be sentC must be sent D were sent5 If only I _ driving before.A had learned B learned C learn D would learn6 I wish I _ a birdAis BwereCwill be Dare 7 How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in thefuture.A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit 8 Id rather you _ me the news.A not tell B not to tell C didnt tell D hadnt told
