1、第43讲任务型阅读任务型阅读不仅可以测试考生的语言知识水平和阅读能力，它还可以测试考生对必须知道的普通生活常识的了解，其特点是考查的内容丰富多彩，题型设计多种多样。在答题时，首先要用阅读材料所提供的信息进行分析处理，然后再按要求完成各项任务。常见题型有判断型、还原型、完成句子型、完成表格型、回答问题型和其他任务型等。判断型：首先，要把握每个待定句子的含义；其次，要通读短文，把握文章大意，明确作者的观点和态度；再通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句，与这些段落、词句意思相符或与作者观点相同的，可判断为正确的，否则，就是错误的。【例1】阅读短文，判断句子正误。正确的写“A”；错误的写“
2、B”。(2016，青岛)Building friendships is a lifelong job but is worth spending time.Also，its important to keep in touch with friends.Advice on making new friends*Try to be open to new experiences and relationships.*Join clubs or volunteer organizations.These activities will give you a chance to communicat
3、e with people who share similar interests.*Go on with iteven if you dont feel comfortable.It takes time to build friendships.Advice on keeping friends*Be a good listener.Dont offer advice unless youre asked.*Respect(尊重)the other persons opinion，even when you dont agree.*Your friends need to know the
4、y can trust you.()1.Building friendships doesnt take long.()2.Volunteer activities can help you make some new friends.()3.You should respect your friends idea.()4.Offer your friends advice if you are not asked.()5.The passage talks about how to make new friends and keep friends.BAABA【短文大意】本文以表格的形式对如
5、何结交新朋友和保持朋友关系各给出三条建议。解析：1.我们可用“细节理解法”解答本题。本题意为“建立友谊不需要花费很长时间”。由“Advice on making new friends”中的It takes time to build friendships.(建立友谊要花费时间。)可知本句描述错误。2我们可用“细节理解法”解答本题。本题意为“志愿者活动能帮你结交一些新朋友。”由“Advice on making new friends”中的第二条Join clubs or volunteer organizations.These activities will give you a cha
6、nce to communicate with people who share similar interests.(加入俱乐部或志愿组织。这些活动将给你与兴趣相似的人交流的机会。)可知这些活动能帮助你交到新朋友。故本句描述正确。3我们可用“细节理解法”解答本题。本题意为“你应该尊重你朋友的想法”。由“Advice on keeping friends”中的第二条Respect the other persons opinion.(尊重他人的看法)可知本句描述正确。4我们可用“细节理解法”解答本题。本题意为“不被要求就给朋友提出建议”。由“Advice on keeping friends”
7、第一条中的Dont offer advice unless youre asked.可知“不要主动提出建议，除非你的朋友要求你”，故本句描述错误。5我们可用“主旨大意法”解答本题。本题意为“本文谈论了如何交新朋友和保持朋友关系”。由表格中的Advice on making new friends(结交新朋友的建议)和Advice on keeping friends(保持朋友关系的建议)两个小标题可知本句描述正确。阅读下列短文，判断正(A)误(B)。There are twenty seven bridges over the River Thames.And the Tower Bridge
8、 is the first bridge you have to pass if you go to London from the sea.It is close to the Tower of London，from which it got its name.It is a symbol(象征)of London.The Tower Bridge was set up over the River Thames in London in 1894 and is one of the finest and most famous bridges in the world.It is the
9、 only bridge over the Thames that can be raised and opened in the middle.The middle part can be raised to let the huge ships pass.It used to be raised about 50 times a day，but now it is raised only 4 to 5 times a week.If you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two arms open high in the air，y
10、ou will never forget it.The Tower Bridge stands just on the south side of the Tower of London.People often think they are of the same age.But in fact，the Tower of London was built a thousand years ago，while the Tower Bridge only has a history of over one hundred years.The Tower Bridge was first pain
11、ted chocolate brown.Then in 1977，it was painted red，white and blue.Its picture also appeared in the opening of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games held in London.So come to visit the famous bridge.You are sure to have a wonderful experience.()1.The colour of the Tower Bridge hasnt changed for more than a
12、hundred years.()2.In 1894，the Tower Bridge was built in London.()3.The Tower of London has a much longer history than the Tower Bridge.()4.The Tower Bridge is now raised less often than in the past.()5.This passage means to introduce the Tower of London.BAAAB还原型：1要在理解全文的基础上，把握段落与段落之间、句子与句子之间的行文关系和逻辑
13、关系。2找出突破口，先还原位置较明显的句子，然后把其余的句子逐一回归原文。对于模棱两可的句子，可试着回归原文，反复诵读上下文，判断其位置是否恰当。3将所有的句子都还原到短文中后，再通读全文，检查文章是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。【例2】根据短文内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。(2016，山西)Recently，a very simple question became widely spread online：What China should be proud of？1._Lanlan，whose real name is Negar Kordi，is from Canada
14、.She came to China five years ago and is a student at Ningbo University.Now she has 120，000 fans on the Internet and the number is still growing.Lanlan loves China and Chinese.2._ And thats why she is so well received among Chinese net friends.The following is China in her eyes.“It is the easiest co
15、untry in which to find a job.If you are not too lazy，it is really very simple to find a job in China.I believe therere more job chances here than in any other country in the world.”CE“3._ About 400 million Chinese are studying English.If they can speak good English in the future，China will have the
16、greatest number of English speakers of any nonEnglish speaking country.”“The speed of Chinese trains is fast.From Ningbo to Beijing，the train runs 1，365 kilometers for seven hours and the ticket fare is only 595 yuan.”“Its public security is great.4._ I have travelled in many countries，and I think C
17、hina really is very safe.”“There are much more things China should be proud of.Many Chinese people often criticize(批评)China.At first，I believed that they didnt like China or that they loved Western countries.But later，I realized that they just set a very high standard for China.5._ China must be muc
18、h better than other countries.”ABDAThe foreign language level is surprising.BThis country of 1.4 billion people makes me feel safe.CA foreign girl living in China gave a very touching answer.DThey believe that its not enough to be number one in the world.EShe believes China will be the strongest cou
19、ntry in the world in future.【短文大意】本文叙述了最近网上广泛传播着一个简单的问题“中国应该以什么为骄傲？”一个很受中国网友喜爱的加拿大女孩Lanlan分别从就业率、英语水平、火车的速度、公众安全等方面对这个问题作出了回答。解析：1.由上句句意“最近在网上广泛传播着一个很简单的问题”可推知，下文应与“回答”这个问题有关，C项中的a very touching answer与之相符。2由上文句意“她喜欢中国和中国人。”及下文“那就是她在中国网友中颇受认可的原因。”可推知，本句应是她对中国的积极的看法，E项中的She believes China will be the
20、 strongest country与之相符。3由下文句意“大约4亿中国人在学习英语”可推知，本句应与讲外语有关，A项符合。4由上句句意“公众安全也是很了不起的”以及下句句意“我认为中国真的安全。”可推知，本句应和“安全”有关，B项中的makes me feel safe与之相符。5由上文句意“但是后来我意识到，他们只是给中国设立了一个很高的标准”以及下句句意“中国必须要比其他国家好得多。”可推知，D项“他们认为在世界上位居第一是不够的。”符合此处语境。根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。There are so many expressio
21、ns in American English that sound pleasant(令人愉快的)but are not.6._ When someone says they have to“face the music”，it does not mean they are going to a concert.“Facing the music”means to accept and deal with the punishment of an action.7_ For example，“I cant face another night of camping！Its cold and r
22、ainy.”Or“In life，you must face your fears.”Face used in this way is very common.But now，lets go back to facing the music.Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car.She gives you the keys and says，“Thanks so much for watching my car while Im away.But please，do not drive it
23、.It is an extremely(极其)fast car.”8._ You want to show off to some friends.So，you drive it around town one night.As bad luck would have it，you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign.Bang!BDAWhen your friend returns you must tell her what you have done and“face the music”.9._ It could b
24、e losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her sports car or both.Whatever the music is，you must face it.10_ To“take your medicine”means to accept the results from something bad you have done.And if someone says，“You made your bed.Now lie in it.”they mean you created a bad situation and now yo
25、u will experience the results!ABut you do not listen.B“Face the music”is a good example.CThe“music”here is the result of your actions.DAmericans often use the word“face”in this way.EThere are other American expressions that mean the same thing as“face the music”CE完成表格/句子型：1通读全文，了解短文大意；2阅读语篇后所给的句子，从文
26、中找出与之相同或相近的句子；3分析句子的含义，兼顾上下文之间的联系，确定所要填的词或短语。注意：如果文章中出现了not，never等否定词，则补全句子时很有可能要填语篇中对应词的反义词。【例3】根据短文内容，完成下列表格(词数不限)。(2016，烟台)Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942.Hes one of the most wellknown scientists on space and time in the world.Hawking is researching how the universe began and how it e
27、nds.He is called the King of the Universe.When he studied math and science at Oxford University，he became seriously ill，which made him unable to speak or breathe without the help of machines.Till now，he cant move or feed himself and he is helped to dress，eat and wash by a nurse.However，he has a whee
28、lchair with a special computer，with which he can communicate with others.In spite of all these difficulties，he refused to give up his hope of living and went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University.In 1965，he got a Doctors Degree of philosophy(哲学)Now he works as a
29、 professor at Cambridge University.Because of his serious illness，it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write.So he started to think in pictures.With this new way of thinking，he is respected by people in the world.Then in 1988，he wrote his first important book，A Brief History of Time.It ha
30、s been sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages.He was once invited to China to give lectures.His selfconfidence and humorous conversations impressed us deeply.From Hawkings unusual experience，we learn that nobody should lose hope，no matter how bad the situation is.As he once said
31、，“Life is not fair，you just have to do the best you can in your own situation.”Stephen HawkingBrief introductionHe was born in England in 1942.He is a worldfamous scientist on 1._.He daily lifeA nurse helps him to dress，eat and wash.He uses 2._ to help him to walk.He communicates with others by usin
32、g a special computer.He thinks in pictures instead of 3._or writing.space and timea wheelchair(with a special computer)drawing(diagrams)His achievementsHe got a Doctors Degree of philosophy in 1965.A Brief History of Time has been translated into 4._.Stephen Hawkings experience tells us that we shou
33、ld 5._33(different)languagesnever lose hope/not lose hope/never give up the hope of living/do the best we can in our own situation/face the difficulties bravely/.【短文大意】本文讲述了世界著名的科学家斯蒂芬霍金的故事。从他不平凡的经历中，我们学到了无论境况多么恶劣，都不要放弃希望。解析：1.由第一段中的句子Hes one of the most wellknown scientists on space and time in the
34、 world.可知他是世界上研究空间和时间的最著名的科学家之一。2由第二段中的句子.he has a wheelchair with a special computer.可知，霍金使用带有一台特殊电脑的轮椅帮助他走路。3由第三段中的句子Because of his serious illness，it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write.So he started to think in pictures.可知，对霍金来说画图表和写字很困难，因此他开始think in pictures。instead of意为“代替，而不是”
35、，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。4由第三段中的句子It has been sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages.可知，霍金的A Brief History of Time(时间简史)这本书被翻译成了33种不同的语言。5由最后一段中的句子From Hawkings unusual experience，we learn that nobody should lose hope，no matter how bad the situation is.可知，从斯蒂芬霍金不平凡的经历中，我们学到了无论境况多么恶劣，都不要
36、放弃希望。根据短文内容填空，每空词数不限。Are your parents often angry with you？Or you always disagree with your parents？Maybe the relationships between you and your parents are terrible.Its difficult to make your home a happy and healthy place.In fact，you can change the situations by the following keys.Respect(尊重)Its i
37、mportant to show your respect and care about your parents feelings.Though you have disagreements(分歧)，at least try to understand whatever they are trying to tell you.You shouldnt keep your own thoughts only.CommunicationYou can communicate with your parents in a polite way.You may not get what you wa
38、nt，but explaining your thoughts calmly and rationally(理性的)may show your parents that you are no longer a kid，not just a kid.TrustHow can your parents build trust in you？It depends on what you do.For example，if you get home late without calling first，next time your parents may not believe you.To earn
39、(赢得)their trust，you must pay attention to the ways you do things instead of fighting with them.It will make your life much easier.Taking time togetherSome teens find that sharing time together can build trust and communication.Your parents may be interested in going shopping，hanging out and playing
40、cards with you.Spending time together will drive away the“black cloud”hanging over your home.Your parents give all their love to you.Why not try these ways actively to own a happy family as you want?There are four good 11._to improve the relationships between you and your parents.RespectThink about
41、your parents feelings more.Show your respect to them.At least find out 12._they are trying to tell you.CommunicationExpress your thoughts in a 13._ way.Let them know you are not a kid.TrustYou must pay attention to the ways you do things 14._ fighting all the time to have an easier life.Taking time
42、togetherYou can get a chance to build trust and communication 15._ sharing time together.You will have a happy family.ways/keys/suggestions/points/ideas/opinionswhat/whatevercalm/rational/polite/proper/suitable/rightinstead ofby回答问题型：1如果问题是考查对短文细节的理解，就需要抓住关键词来回答问题。如果考查对短文实质性的理解，则需要以原文为基础，利用其提供的信息，运用
43、多种方法进行分析、归纳，从而得出结论。2写出能回答所提问题的关键词或词组。回答时，可以用完整的句子，也可以用省略句，如果用省略句回答，务必要写出能回答问题的关键内容。3要确保写出的句子正确，要注意人称、时态和语态的变化。【例4】阅读短文，回答问题。(2016，重庆)Recently，Chongqing Three Gorges University has held an activity named“Cell Phone Ninja”(手机忍者)They would like their students not to use cell phones for 21 days.It is re
44、ally a challenge(挑战)for most students.The activity started on April 12.Each student who volunteered to take part in this activity got a bracelet(手环)If the students did not use their cell phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that.If they used their cell phones，a differe
45、nt photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet.After the last class of each day，the students sent the photos to the schools public WeChat.More than 800 students wished to take part in the test，and 400 were chosen.After seven days，only 103 students remained.The test was set for 21 days because s
46、ome scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form(形成)a habit.According to the teachers in the university，the activity was not a competition.It depended on students themselves to make the decision.The teachers hoped their students could form better study habits through activities
47、 like this one.1When did the activity“Cell Phone Ninja”start?It started on April 12.2Were 400 students chosen to take part in this test?Yes，they were.3Why was the test set for 21 days?Because(some scientists believe that)21 days is long enough to help people form a habit.4What was the bracelet used
48、for in this test?It was used for showing/to show whether the students used the cell phone(s)or not.【短文大意】最近，重庆三峡学院举办了“手机忍者”的活动。活动的要求是在21天的时间里学生不用手机，这项活动的成败取决于学生的选择。老师希望通过这样的活动，帮助学生养成更好的学习习惯。解析：1.由第二段第一句The activity started on April 12.可知，“手机忍者”这个活动是在4月12日开始的。2由第三段第一句More than 800 students wished to
49、take part in the test，and 400 were chosen.(800多名学生希望参加这个测试，有400名学生被选中)可知，此题应作肯定回答。3由第三段中The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form a habit.可知，这项测试安排21天是因为一些科学家认为21天的时间足够长，能够帮助人形成一种习惯。4由第二段中If the students did not use their cell phones
50、，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that.If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet.(如果学生不用手机，一张照片将会在手环的屏幕上显示出来。如果他们用手机，一张不同的照片将会显示在手环的屏幕上)可知，在这项测试中，手环用来显示学生是否使用手机。阅读短文，回答问题。It was 6：00 on a Monday morning.Adam，12 years old，w
