1、高中英语 2019-2020学年上学期 高一英语单元同步梳理 （人教版）必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero 复习目标闯关复习目标闯关 类别类别 课标解读课标解读 话题 功能 语法 1.The qualities a great person（伟人的品质） 2.The lives of some great（一些伟人的生活） 1.Asking for opinions（征求意见） 2.Giving opinions(发表意见） The Attributive Clause(II)(where,when,why,prep.+which/whom）定语从
2、句 （2）（由where,when,why,prep.+which/whom引导） 重点词汇 重 点 词 汇 及 拓 展 掌 握 .根据汉语意思写出单词根据汉语意思写出单词 1.质量；品质；性质质量；品质；性质(n)_ 2. 建立；建设建立；建设(vt)；_ 3 .法则；原则；原理法则；原则；原理 (n) _ 4.人类人类(n)_ 5. 律师（律师（n）_ 6. 费（会费、学费等）；酬金费（会费、学费等）；酬金(n)_ 7.青年；青年时期青年；青年时期(n)_ 8.投票；选举投票；选举(vt stick to（坚持）; lead to（导致）; preferto（相比更喜 欢）; look f
3、orward to（盼望）; 核心词汇详解 She is devoted to her children. We should devote all our efforts to our tasks. 汉译英 1). 她深爱她的孩子。 _ 2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。 _ 核心词汇详解 2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数 典例 1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投 了民主党的票。 2). Well listen to the arguments on both sides and
4、 then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。 3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。 重点用法 vote down 投票否决；投票击败 vote in 投票选出；选举 vote through 表决通过 put to the vote 将付诸表决 take/have a vote on 对进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 练习用恰当的介词或副词填空。 1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority. 2). Shall we take a
5、 vote _ the question? 3). The issue was put _ the vote. 4). Was the vote _ or _ the matter? through on to for against 3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答 典例 1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工 作很努力，但是报酬很少。 2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报 答我。 重点用法 in reward (for) 作为（对的）报酬、报答 give a rew
6、ard to sb. for sth. 为给某人报酬、赏金 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因报答、奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用报答、奖赏某人 汉译英 1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。 _ 2). 她向他报之以一笑。 _ She rewarded him with a smile. She got nothing in reward for her kindness 4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的 典例 1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获 同等报酬。 2). A
7、ll people are born equal. 人人生来平等。 重点用法 be equal to 与相等 be equal with 与平等 汉译英 1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。 _ 2). 他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。 _ They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich. One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer. 5. advise v. 建议 典例 1). I have advised you on that s
8、ubject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建 议. 2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语. 3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isnt ripe. 我建议你不 要吃那些没有熟的水果. 重点用法 advise sb. on sth. 就给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干 advise (ones) doing sth
9、. 建议（某人）干 advise + (that) sb. (should) do advice n. 建议；意见 a piece of advice 一条建议 go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；征询某 人的意见 give advice to sb. on sth. 就对某人提供建议 follow sbs advice = take sbs advice 接受某人的建议 汉译英 1). 我建议换个方式。 _ _ 2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。 _ _ We advised that they should start ear
10、ly/advised them to start early. Id advise taking a different approach. 6. active adj.积极的，灵活的，活性的 Over seventy as he is, he is still active. I cant tell whether it is an active volcano. 拓展： be active in在方面活跃，积极参加 take an active part in积极参加 act n./v.行为，举动，行动 action n.行为，做法 activity n.活动 actor/ actress
11、 n.（男女）演员 1.be in prison 在狱中，被监禁 典例 1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。 2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾 在监狱呆过5年. 短语归纳 putin prison = sendto prison = throw into prison 把投入监狱 The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷
12、车贼都被关进监狱了。 核心词组详解 单项填空 练习 用be, put, send, throw的恰当形式填空。 1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison. 2). The robber in prison for several years. 3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison. 4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car. threw has been sending was put 2.out of work
13、 失业,出问题 典例 1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几 个月了。 2). Marys cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这 给她带来了很多不便。 短语归纳 in work 有工作 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦 out of use 没用了 out of date 过时 out of order
14、 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控 out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。 【即境活用】 用适当的介词（短语）填空。 1). Although my computer is date now, but its still use. 2). After fours operation, the patient has been_ danger. out of in out of 3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 典例 1). He failed many time
15、s, but he didnt lose heart. 他失 败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。 2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做 什么，千万不要失去信心。 短语归纳 lose ones job 失业 lose ones balance 失去平衡 lose ones breath上气不接下气 lose ones heart (to sb/sth) 爱上 lose ones life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱 【即境活用】 中译英 1). 不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。 _ _ 2). 她喜欢上了一位年轻士
16、兵。 _ _ Dont lose heart, all will turn out well. She lost her heart to a young soldier. 4.in trouble处于困境中，有麻烦 He is ready to help those who are in trouble. 拓展： get into trouble遇到麻烦 make trouble制造麻烦 ask for trouble自找麻烦 have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难 save trouble省事 take great trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做某
17、事 put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事 【即境活用】If you dont study hard, you will have big trouble _(find) a job. finding 5.as a matter of fact实际上 It was cold. As a matter of fact, it was freeing. 天很冷，事实 上，冷的要命。 【相关短语】 as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/ actually/ in reality/ to tell the
18、truth 实际上；事实。 to make matters worse 让事情更糟糕的是- it doesnt matter 没有关系 【即境活用】 It rained that day. _, our car broke down on the way. A. In fact B. Actually C. To make matters worse D. To tell the truth 【答案】 C 【解析】 考查短语意思辨析。同义词短语按照 句意排除，本句没有实际上的意思，而是让事情更糟糕的 是，C项符合。 1. We were put in a position in which w
19、e had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府 作斗争。 解释 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。 类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定 语从句 Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 核心句型详解 拓展： 介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间
20、、地点、原因状语，相当于关 系副词when, where和why。 He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch. Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon. The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable. 核心句型详解 【即境活用】中译英 1). 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗？ _ _ 2). 他迟到的原因令人
21、难以置信。 _ _ Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我 们才决定以暴力对暴力。 解释当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动 词提前，放在主语前。 Only then did we decide to ans
22、wer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们 才决定以暴力对暴力。 Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息. Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 【即境活用】中译英 1). 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真
23、是个令人吃惊的消息。 _ _ 2). 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 _ _ Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 核心语法突破核心语法突破 The Attributive Clause（II） 由when, where或why关系副词以及“介词 + which”结构，引导的定语从句
24、一、when, where或why在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行 词，在句中作时间、地点或原因状语 1）. when 指时间。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when = on which) I still remember the day that we spent together in Beijing. 我仍然记得我们在北京度过的那一天 【点拨】第一个句子先行词day 在定语从句中作状语，when=on which；第二 个句子the day在
25、定语从句中作宾语。 2）where指地点。 Whats the name of the place where you spent your holiday last year? 去年你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？ (where = at which) Whats the name of the place that you visited last year? 去年你拜访的那个地方叫什么名字？ 【点拨】第一个句子the place在定语从句中作地点状语，where-in which; 第 二个句子the place在定语从句中作宾语 3）. why 指原因，用在名词reason后。 The r
26、eason why he was late for class is that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起晚啦。 The reason that he told me is well-known. 他告诉我的原因是众所周知的。 【点拨】第一个句子reason在定语从句中作原因状语; 第二个句子reason在定 语从句中作宾语。 二、二、 “介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰物时用which,不用that,修 饰人时用whom不用who。 The school in which he once worke
27、d is a key school. (=The school (which / that) he once worked in is a key school.) 他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校 【拓展延伸】“介词 + 关系代词”的常见结构： 1） 介词 + which/whom This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家 2）名词 + of + which/whom Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 请把那本蓝
28、封面的书递给我。 3）数词 + of + which/whom In our school there are about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women. 我校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十是女教师 4） 代词代词 + of + which/whom In the basket I find many apples, some of which=of which some have gone bad. 我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。 There are fifty students in our class, most
29、 of whom are from big cities. 我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市 5）最高级 + of + which/whom China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛 6） 介词 + which + 名词 He usually returns home at 10:00, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows. 他通常十点钟回家，这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗 This is
30、the very book (that) I am looking for. () 这正是我在找的书。 2）关系副词和关系代词的选择 当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代 词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定 【典型例题】 What do you think of teaching, Bob? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A.where B. Which C. When D. that 【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查定语从句的用法。定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副考查定语从句的用法。定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副 词，先行词为词，先行词为a job，定语从句的意思是在这个工作中，定语从句的意思是在这个工作中，所以答案用，所以答案用where引导的定引导的定 语从句。语从句。 THANKS “ ”
