1、Unit 1 Science and ScientistsReading and ThinkingLearning objectivesIn this class,you will1.get information about how John Snow defeated cholera;2.summarize the stages of scientific research;3.talk about the significance and contribution of Johns work.Activity 1:Read the title and predict.JOHN SNOW
2、DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”1.Who was John Snow?2.What is King Cholera?3.What does“defeat”mean?4.What did John Snow do about King Cholera?First readingActivity 2:Read the passage and check your predictions.1.Who was John Snow?He was a British doctor.2.What is King Cholera?It used to be one of the most fear
3、ed diseases in the world and millions of people died from it in the early 19th century.a.seriousn.霍乱First readingActivity 2:Read the passage and check your predictions.3.What does“defeat”mean?It means to win against something.4.What did John Snow do about King Cholera?He conducted research and found
4、 out how cholera spread.Second readingActivity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information in each paragraph on how John Snow defeated King cholera.Activity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information of each paragraph.Paragraph 1:Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century an
5、d John Snow showed how it could be overcome.Para.1:Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit EuropeActivity 3:Read the passage again and find the main info
6、rmation of each paragraph.Paragraph 2:John Snow found a problem.Para.2:In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was deter
7、mined to find out why.a.对立的Activity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information of each paragraph.Paragraph 3:John Snow conducted research to stop the disease.Para.3:Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pum
8、p removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.n.把手 n.泵 Activity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information of each paragraph.Paragraph 4:John found the truth about cholera.Para.4:The truth was that the water from the Broad Street p
9、ump had been infected by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.v.to make a disease spread to sb./sth.n.connectionActivity 3:Read the passage again and find the main information of each paragraph.Paragraph 5:John c
10、ontributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases.Para.5:Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of mo
11、dern epidemiology.n.流行病学v.changeSummaryThe main information about how John defeated cholera:Paragraph 1:Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome.Paragraph 2:John Snow found a problem.Paragraph 3:John Snow conducted research to stop the disease.Paragr
12、aph 4:John found the truth about cholera.Paragraph 5:John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases.Activity 4:Try to put the following stages of scientific research in order._ analyse the results_ ask a question_ draw a conclusion_ collect data_ find a problem_ find supp
13、orting evidence_ think of a method1st stage:Find a problemPara.2:In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribe
14、d to the second theory.Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.2nd stage:Ask a questionPara.2:In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so sev
15、ere that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.3rd stage:Think of a methodPara.3:Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths
16、 near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.4th stage:Collect dataPara.3:Snow began by marking on a map There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbe
17、rs 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.n.all the people living in a house5th stage:Analyse the resultsPara.3:Snow began by marking on a map T
18、here were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.a.many6th stage:Fi
19、nd supporting evidencePara.3:Snow began by marking on a map Whats more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Read parag
20、raphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.7th stage:Draw a conclusionPara.3:Snow began by marking on a map As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could
21、not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and circle the key words to put the stages in order.n.病菌SummaryThe stages of scientific researchThe 1st stage:find a problemThe 2nd stage:ask a questionThe 3rd stage:think of a methodThe 4th stage:col
22、lect dataThe 5th stage:analyse the resultsThe 6th stage:find supporting evidenceThe 7th stage:draw a conclusionThird readingActivity 5:Read the passage and get more information on how Snow defeated cholera.Read paragraph 1 and fill in the blanks to get the specific information about cholera.choleraW
23、hat?It is one of _ because it causes _.When?_.Where?_.What consequence?_.Read paragraph 1 and fill in the blanks to get the specific information about cholera.choleraWhat?It is one of _ because it causes _.When?_.the most feared diseasessevere diarrhoea,dehydration,and even deathIn the early 19th ce
24、nturyn.脱水n.腹泻Read paragraph 1 and fill in the blanks to get the specific information about cholera.choleraWhere?_.What consequence?_.EuropeMillions of people died from the diseaseRead paragraphs 2 and 3 and complete the chart to get specific information about the cholera research(Page 3,Activity 3).
25、Steps in the researchABIt was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.Snow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.airfood or watermarked on a mapdied(1)Fill in the blanks and finish the steps in the research.CMany deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk
26、the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.The pump water carried _.water pumphadntdrinking water from the pumpcholera germsThe _ of the pump was removed.handleDE(1)Fill in the blanks and finish the steps in the research.(2)Match the headers wit
27、h the letters from the chart to summarise and review the research steps(Page 3,Activity 4).Write A-E in the blanks.1 conclusion _2 evidence _3 process_4 solution_5 theories_Steps in the researchAB(2)Summarise and review the research steps.It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in
28、_.Snow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.airfood or watermarked on a mapdiedtheoriesprocessCMany deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.water pumphadntdrinking water
29、from the pump(2)Summarise and review the research steps.evidenceThe pump water carried _.cholera germsThe _ of the pump was removed.handleDE(2)Summarise and review the research steps.conclusionsolution(2)Summarise and review the research steps.theoriesprocessevidenceconclusionsolutionresearch method
30、Read the map and get to know the research method further.What kind of map is it?What does“”mean?What does“PH”mean?Where is the pump?Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?2.Was cholera destroyed completely?3.How can we prevent cholera?Rea
31、d paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?The water which came from the River Thames and had been infected by waste.Para.4:The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Some companies sold water from the Riv
32、er Thames that was polluted by raw waste.Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.2.Was cholera destroyed completely?No.Para.5:Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a
33、 problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Read paragraphs 4 and 5 and answer questions.3.How can we prevent cholera?By drinking pure or boiled water.Para.4:The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.The people who
34、drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.a.cleanActivity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work(Page 3,Activity 6).1.What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.,a microsco
35、pe,didnt he use?Why?2.How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?n.显微镜1.What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.,a microscope,didnt he use?Why?Para.5:Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases
36、.For this reason Activity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work.n.统计数字1.What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.,a microscope,didnt he use?Why?He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred.He didnt use a
37、 microscope.He didnt test the water,nor did he draw blood or examine patients.The reason was that medical science was not so advanced at that time.Activity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work.2.How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?Para.5:Through Snows tireles
38、s efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason Activity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns
39、 work.2.How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?Snows work has provided readily available clean water to drink,as well as an emphasis on hygiene such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty.He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics,and transformed the way scientists study di
40、seases,which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.Activity 6:Answer questions and talk about the contribution of Johns work.HomeworkWhy was it John Snow,not other doctors,who defeated King Cholera?Write about your opinion by using the information from the passage.
