1、外研版英语九年级上册语法总结外研版英语九年级上册语法总结动词be(is,am,are)的用法n我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。n单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。Eg:Yourhouseisverybig.Yourhousesareallverybig.n变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。Eg:n变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。Eg:Isyourhouseverybig?n还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。this,that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或
2、物用that。如:Eg:Thisisaflower.这是一朵花。(近处)Thatisatree.那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说Thisis,不说Thatis。如:ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。(5)Thisis不能缩写,而Thatis可以缩写。如:Thisisabike.Thatsacar.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。n(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:Hello!I
3、sthatMissGreen?喂,是格林小姐吗?Yes,thisis.Whosthat?是的,我是,你是谁?n注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:Iam,Areyou?/Whoareyou?n(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:Isthisanotebook?这是笔记本吗?Yes,itis.是的,它是。Whatsthat?那是什么?Itsakite.是只风筝。3these和those用法(1)this,that,these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;t
4、hose是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。Thisismybed.ThatisLilysbed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。Thesepicturesaregood.那些画很好。Arethoseappletrees?那些是苹果树吗?(2)在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:Arethese/thoseyourapples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes,theyare.是的,他们是。4名词s所有格(1)单数名词后直接加“s”:如:Jimscoat吉姆的外套Jeffsmother杰夫的妈妈(2)以s
5、结尾的复数名词,只加“”如:TeachersDay教师节thetwinsbooks双胞胎的书(3)不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“s”如:ChildrensDay儿童节mensshoes男式鞋(4)表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加s如:LucyandLilysmother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)(5)表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加s如:LucysandKatesrooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)5Therebe句型n(1)Therebe句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。其基本结构为“Therebe某物(某人)某地(某时)”其中ther
6、e是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记therebe句型结构:nTherebe放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:Thereisabookonthedesk.n有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:Onthedeskthereisabook.n(2)Therebe句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:nBe动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“Therebe”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词
7、用is,否则就用are。如:Thereisatreebehindthehouse.Thereissomewater(水)inthebottle(瓶子).Therearesomepearsinthebox.n(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.6like一词的用法nli
8、ke用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。n(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜欢这个小孩。n(2)后接动名词(v.-ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:Tomlikesplayingfootball.汤姆喜欢踢足球。n(3)后接动词不定式(todo),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening.我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。7句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即Iwe,youyou,she,h
9、e,itthey。如:Sheisagirl.Theyaregirls.(2)am,is要变为are。如:Imastudent.Wearestudents.(3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:Heisaboy.Theyareboys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:Itisanapple.Theyareapples.(5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:Thisisabox.Theseareboxes.8英语日期的表示法n英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。如:OnMondayn用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间
10、需用逗号隔开。如:August2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。n也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10thMay,2003(2003年5月10日)n英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。9.时间的表达法n(1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteenn(2)过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25twenty-fivepastone2:30halfpasttwo3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofiven(3)12小时制6:00a.m.
11、上午6点8:20p.m.下午8点20分n(4)24小时制13:0013点钟22:1522点15分n(5)15分可用quarter4:15aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix(6)时间前通常用at.at5oclockat7:30p.m.10.want用法n(1)想干什么用wanttodosthTheywanttojointhesportsclub.他们想加入运动俱乐部。n(2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化Hewantstoplaybasketball.LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.n(3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.Doy
12、ouwanttoplaysoccerball?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.Doeshewanttogohomebybus?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt11否定句n含有否定词not或no的句子。n改否定句的方法:先加后借在句中找到Be动词(am,is,are)或情态动词(can,may,could,would,will),在它后面加not;找不到以上词时,借dont或doesnt,放在动词前。n注意:句子是三单主语时,借doesnt;不是三单主语时,借do.并且:doesnt一出现,三单式要滚蛋。练习1.SheisanAmericangirl2.Ihaveagoodfr
13、iend3.Shelivesinlondon4.Wegotoschoolbybike12英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答一般疑问句是以be动词、情态动词和Do/Does开头的,用Yes或No回答的疑问句。、以be动词开头的一般疑问句及答句AmI?Yes,youare./No,youarent.Areyou?Yes,Iam./No,Imnot.Ishe/she/it?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/she/itisnt.Arewe/you/they?Yes,we/we/theyare.No,we/we/theyarent.、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句及答句Can?Yes,can.No,
14、cant(cannot).、以Do/Does开头的一般疑问句及答句Doyou+行为动词?Yes,Ido/No,Idont.Dowe/you/they+行为动词?Yes,we/theydo.No,we/theydont.Doeshe/she/it+行为动词?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/itdoesnt.注意事项:1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格,即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,they等,不能出现其它词,特别注意不能用this,that,these,those等指示代词。2、肯定和否定回答要保持三个单词,因此当am,is,are出现在句尾时,一定不
15、能缩写。如:不能用Yes,Im;Yes,hes;Yes,theyre.3、amnot不能缩写,如:No,Imnot不能用No.Iamnt.4、肯定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾。如:不能说Yes,heisnt;No,Ido;Yes,shedoesnt.n改一般疑问句的方法:先找后借在句中找到Be动词(am,is,are)或情态动词(can,may,could,would,will),把它提到句首;找不到以上词时,借Do或Does,放在句首。n注意:句子是三单主语时,借Does;不是三单主语时,借Do.并且:Does一出现,三单式要滚蛋。练习:nHelikeshisfamilymembers.Doe
16、shelikehisfamilymembers?nWearesinginganddancing.Areyousinginganddancing?nMarycanrideabike.CanMaryrideabike?nThereissomewaterinthecup.Istheresomewaterinthecup?13特殊疑问句n以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:whatwhowhosewherehowwhy等。回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes/no,要问什么答什么。n特殊疑问句的结构:疑问词一般疑问句?n对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句。方法如下:把划线部分替换成相应的疑
17、问词,放在句首;把没划线部分改为一般疑问句,放在疑问词后。n提示:划线部分在句首时,只需第步,没划线的词照抄。如:MariagoesshoppingwithMissWang.-WhogoesshoppingwithMissWang?1、目前所学的动词的形式有4种:动词原形;如:do;have;like动词的三单式(常在动词原形后加s);如:get-gets动词不定式(to+动词原形);如:meet-tomeet动词ing式(动词原形后加ing)如:look-looking2、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语nWouldyoulike+to+动词原形?(你想要吗?)nHowabout+动词ing
18、?(怎么样?好不好?)nWhatabout+动词ing?(怎么样?好不好?)nWhynot+动词原形?(为什么不呢?)nWhydontyou+动词原形?(你为什么不呢?)nLets+动词原形.(让我们吧。)n表示同意、答应:Yes,Idliketo./Oh,Idloveto.nAllright/OK.Great!Sure.nGoodidea!Thanks.IllbegladtonThanks.Thatwouldbeverynice.Idlikethat.n表示不同意、拒绝:nNo,thanks.Sorry,Icant.nIdliketo.ButImafraidIcant/Ihavenotime
19、.3、目前学过的情态动词有can,may,could,would和will等五个学好情态动词必须把握三个用法:n后必须跟动词原形;n没有三单式(其后不能加s);n可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句;n可以在情态动词后面加上not构成否定句。4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式(to+动词原形)的有:nwouldliketo+动词原形(想要做某事);nwantto+动词原形(想要做某事);nforgetto+动词原形(忘记要做某事);nliketo+动词原形(喜欢做某事);nloveto+动词原形(喜欢做某事)nasksb.to+动词原形.(请/叫某人做某事)ntellsb.to+动词原形.(告诉/叫某人
20、做某事)nwouldlikesb.to+动词原形.(想叫某人做某事)nwantsb.to+动词原形.(想叫某人做某事)nhaveto+动词原形(必须/不得不做某事)nNice/Glad/happyto+动词原形(很高兴做某事)n如:Nicetomeetyou.nImgladtobehere.nItstimeto+动词原形(是做某事的时候了)nItsverykind/niceofyoutohelpme.英语的一些重要原则n英文句子中至少有一个动词,用来作谓语。如:n我很高兴-误:Iveryhappy.正:Iamveryhappy.n她最喜欢熊猫.-误:Shefavoritepandas.(fav
21、orite不是动词)n正:Shelikespandasbest/Herfavoriteispandas.n同一个句子中不能同时用be动词和行为动词。n误:Iamatsixgetup.正:Iamgetupatsix.n误:Areyouwanttogoforapicnic?(Are改为Do)n句子中的单数名词前要带冠词,或用复数名词来表示类别。n误:orangeisorange.正:Anorangeisorange/Orangesareorange.n误:Heisdoctor.(他是医生)正:Heisadoctor.n限定词的唯一原则n限定词是指(1)冠词(定冠词,不定冠词)、(2)形容词性物主代
22、词、(3)指示代词、(4)名词所有格、(5)量词(some,any,no,many,much等),这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。n如:我的一本书-误:myabook正:mybookn吉姆的这个风筝-误:Jimsthis/thekite正:Jimskitenyourthebikethesomeanimalsthatabusn形容词放在名词前的顺序n数量+大小形状+新旧+颜色+地方出处+名词。nmysmallyellowdesk我的小黄桌nanoldbrownEnglishhouse一座旧的棕色的英式房子n英文句子结构顺序n主语+谓语+宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点。nKangkangf
23、indsBabymonkeyateleventhismorninginthezooinBeijing.n主语+谓语+宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点一般现在时n1.构成:主语+动词+其他n2.标志词:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,等频率副词。n3.否定句:n1)当动词是be,can,may,must,should等在其后加notEg.Icantplayfootball.n2)当是实义动词时加助动词dont/doesnt后跟动词原形Eg.Idontlikefootball.Shedoesntlikefootball.n4.疑问句:1)当动词是be,
24、can,may,must,should等将其提前Eg.Canyouswim?n2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形。Eg.Doesshelikefootball5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句现在进行时n1.构成:主语+be+doing+其他2.动词动词-ing变化规律:n1)一般情况下直接加-ing,eg.Workingn2)以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing,eg.Takingn3)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ing,eg.Stoppingn4)特殊变化,lielyingn3.标志词:look,listen,now,
25、atthemoment,itsoclockn4.否定句:be动词后加notnEg.Sheisnotlisteningtomusic.n5.疑问句:将be动词提前nEg.Isshelisteningtomusic?n6.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句三一般将来时n1.构成:主语+begoingto/will+动词原形n2.标志词:tomorrow,nextday/month/year等表示将来的时间n3.否定句:be动词后加not;will后加notEg.Heisnotgoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend.Hewillnothaveapianolessonth
26、isweekend.4.疑问句:将be动词提前;将will提前Eg.Ishegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?Willhegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句四一般过去时n1.构成:主语+动词过去时+其他n2.标志:yesterday,justnow,ago,thismorning,whenIwasyoung,last等n3.动词动词过去式变化规律:n1)一般动词结尾加-ed,eg.Walk-walkedn2)以字母e结尾的动词加-d,eg.Live-livedn3)以辅音字母加y结尾的
27、变y为i加-ed,eg.Hurryhurriedn4)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ed,eg.Stopstoppedn4.否定句:1)动词be过去式后直接加notnEg.IwasnotinChengdulastyear.n2)当是实义动词时,加助动词didnt后跟动词原形nEg.Ididnttelephonemyparentsyesterday.n5.疑问句:1)动词be过去式提前nEg.WereyouinChengdulastyear?n2)当是实义动词时将助动词did放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形nEg.Didyoutelephonemyparents
28、yesterday?n6.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句用正确的动词形式填空。n1.Thechildrenare_(run)therenow.n2.-I_upathalfpastsixthismorning.(get)Myfatheralways_(come)backfromworkverylate.n3.Mymother_alotoffruityesterdayafternoon.(buy)n4.Listen!Who_(sing)inthemusicroom?Oh.Mary_(sing)there.n5.They_ameetingyesterday.(nothave)n6.-_you_(
29、have)anycolorpens?-Sorry,Idonthaveany.n7.Shelikeseggs,butshe_(notlike)bread.n8.Mymother_(tell)meastoryeverynight.n9.-Howmuchmeat_you_(want)?-Akilo,please.n10.Someone_(be)inthenextroom.runninggotcomesbought is singing is singingdidnt haveDohavedoesnt liketellsdo wantisn11.There_(be)apenandtwoerasersi
30、nthepencil-box.n12.Youmust_(get)hereattwothisafternoon.n13.Thetwins_thirteentwoyearsago.(be)n14.Theteacherisbusy.Heonly_(sleep)fivehoursaday.n15.Look!Thebus_(come).n16.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.n17.What_he_(like)?n18.He_(teach)Englishinamiddleschool.n19.Shealways_(do)yourhomeworkwell.n20.-W
31、hat_she_(do)?-She_(clean)herroomnow.isgetweresleepsis cominggoesdoesliketeachesdoesisdoingis cleaning形容词(1)在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something,somebody,anything,anybody,nothing,nobody时,要放于其后。Eg.Ihaveaninterestingbook.Thereisnothingserious.n(2)作表语,放在系动词之后。Eg.Thiskindofdressisexpensive.n(3)以a-开头的形容词,一般
32、在句子中只能作表语。Eg.Keepquiet!Mybabyisasleepintheroom.n(4)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。Eg.Thegoodnewsmakesusveryhappy.副词n副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时,一般放在行为动词之后;修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前;表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首;频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。nEg.Icanthearyouclearly.3.比较级用法(1)可以单独使用 eg.I hope to do better in English.(2)和than一起用 eg.Zhang Jun is str
33、onger than Lin Tao(3)其他几种用法 a.两者比较,哪一个更怎么样?Who/Which+be+比较级,A or B?Eg.Who did better,Lucy or Lily?b.用比较级形式表达最高级意义 比较级+than any other+n.+比较级范围(in/of)=比较级+than any of the others+in/of =比较级+than the other+n.+in/of(在同一范围内比较)比较级+than any+n.+in/of(在两个不同范围内比较)Eg.Kate is more careful than any other girl in
34、our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province.c.越来越怎么样?“比较级+and+比较级”Eg.Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.d.有范围的两者之间的比较用“the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo”Eg.Mymotheristhebusierofthetwoe.用来修饰比较级的副词有:much/far/lots/alot;alitter;even;still等4.最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词
35、前的the可以省略。a.最高级+范围Eg.ChangjianisthelongestriverinChina.b.主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围(of/in短语),表示“最的之一”。Eg.YangLiweiisoneofthemostfamousheroesinChina.c.主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围,表示“是的第几”。Eg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.注:有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换。fewer fewestless leastworse worst深的
36、 further furthest远的 farther farthestbetter bestmore mostheavilyhappilynicelycarefullyeasilyangrilyslowlyquicklywellhardbadlyhealthilyn三、用所给词的恰当形式填空。n1.Whichis_(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?n2.Whichis_(beautiful),theblackcoatortheblueone?n3.Thismooncakeis_(cheap)ofall.n4.Heis_(strong)intheclass.n5.M
37、athsis_(difficult)ofthetwosubjects.n6.Mysisteristwoyears_(old)thanI.n7.Marysparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_(young)child.n8.Dickcansing_(well),andshesings_(well)thanJohn,butMarysings_(well)inherclass.n9.Shewillbemuch_(happy)inhermewhouse.n10.Hishandwritingis_thanyours.(bad)the biggestmore beaut
38、ifulthe cheapest the strongestmore difficultolderyoungestwellbetterbesthappierworse四、选择正确的答案。n1.WhichdoesJimmylike_,Chinese,Englishorart?A.wellB.bestC.betterD.muchn2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof_intheworld.A.thelongestriverB.ThemorelongerC.thelongestriversD.longerrivern3.Thepenis_thanthatone.A.morechea
39、pB.cheapC.muchcheaperD.quitecheapern4.Thereare_girlsinClass2thaninClass4.A.moreB.nicestC.mostD.bestn5.Tingtingis_thanMeimei,butMeimeiis_thanTingting.A.tall,strongerB.taller,strongesttC.tallest,strongD.taller,strongern6.Motheris_inmyfamily.A.busyB.busierC.thebusiestD.morebusyn7.Sheis_thanmeatdrawing.
40、A.betterB.bestC.goodD.harderBCn8.Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmea_one?A.smallB.smallerC.thesmallestD.smallestn9.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch_nowthanafewyearsago.A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanestn10.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare_thanbefore.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.
41、thecheapest11.Tomisgoodatdrawing.HowaboutMike?Mikeis_,Ithink.Hehasgotmoreprizes(获奖)thanTom.A.wellB.OKC.goodD.bettern12.Whichis_riverinChina?TheChangjiangRiver.A.longerB.thelongestC.longestD.thelongern13Ifthereislesshomework,weshouldhave_atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertimen14.Ifeel_betterthanyesterday.A.moreB.veryC.muchn15.Thisschoolbagis_andsells_.A.well,wellB.nice,niceC.nice,goodD.nice,well课间课间安全安全提示语提示语1 1、不在楼梯、走廊间追逐打闹。、不在楼梯、走廊间追逐打闹。2 2、上下楼梯是要靠右走。、上下楼梯是要靠右走。3 3、不能在楼梯上推挤、跑跳。、不能在楼梯上推挤、跑跳。4 4、不爬窗户和阳台,不拉爬窗、不爬窗户和阳台,不拉爬窗户防护栏。户防护栏。