1、外研社必修二Module4 Grammarppt课件外研社必修二Module4 Grammarppt课件 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有没有 和和 的的变化，在句子中变化，在句子中不能不能独立独立作作 ，但，但具有名词、形容词和副词具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种等的功能，可在句中用做多种 。肯定：肯定：否定：否定：主语（主语（SubjectSubject）宾语（宾语（ObjectObject）宾补（宾补（Object complementObject complement）定语（定语（AttributiveAttributive）状语（状
2、语（AdverbialAdverbial）表语（表语（PredicativePredicative）与疑问词连用（与疑问词连用（interrogativeinterrogative）1.1.To sayTo say is easy,but is easy,but to doto do is difficult.is difficult.2.2.They wanted They wanted to helpto help me.me.3.3.Our teacher asked us Our teacher asked us not to talknot to talk in the in the
3、 class.class.4.4.Would you like some Would you like some to eatto eat?5.5.They run over They run over to welcometo welcome the foreign the foreign visitors.visitors.6.6.My dream is My dream is to goto go college some day.college some day.主语主语表语表语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语补语补语 作用作用种类种类主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补语补语不定式不定
4、式动名词动名词The function of the infinitive and the ing formTo grow trees is very important.It is very important to grow trees.不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。do sth.good,kind,nice,rude,clever,right,silly,brave,selfish easy,hard,difficult,important,possible,necessary描述人的性格、品质的形容词描述事物特征的形容词 动词的动词的inging形式作主语往往表示
5、一种习惯、概念或经验。有形式作主语往往表示一种习惯、概念或经验。有时用时用itit作形式主语，把作形式主语，把inging形式置于句末。形式置于句末。用法用法例句例句动词的动词的inging形式形式直接作主语直接作主语Working in these conditions is not a pleasure Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.but a suffer.在这种条件下工作不是一种乐趣，而是一种痛苦。在这种条件下工作不是一种乐趣，而是一种痛苦。itit作形式主语作形式主语It is no use cr
6、ying over split milk.It is no use crying over split milk.后悔是没有用的。后悔是没有用的。It is a waste of time persuading such a person It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.to join us.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。动词不定式和动词不定式和inging作主语时的区别：作主语时的区别：inging和不定式都可以作主语，和不定式都可以作主语，inging作主语表示一般或抽象的多次
7、性行作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。为；不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。Swimming is good for healthSwimming is good for health，but to swim in such a polluted but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health.river is harmful to health.游泳有益健康，但在这条被污染得如此严重的河里游泳则有害于健游泳有益健康，但在这条被污染得如此严重的河里游泳则有害于健康。康。(to
8、swim in.(to swim in.指特定情景下的动作指特定情景下的动作)不定式作动词宾语时，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，与动词不定式的关系是主动关系，但有时不定式和主语却是动宾关系。动词的ing作动词宾语时，句子的主语也是v.ing的逻辑主语，否则应加上v.ing自己的主语。动词的ing形式与不定式 动词的ing形式与不定式均可作动词宾语。有些动词后只能用ing形式，有些动词后只能用不定式，还有些动词后用ing形式与不定式均可。形式常用词例句不定式afford，agree，ask，choose，decide，demand，except，hope，manage，offer，plan，pr
9、efer，pretend，promise，refuse，want，wish等I cant afford to go abroad.我没钱出国。He has promised to behave better from now on.他答应从今以后要表现得好些。形式常用词例句动词的ing形式admit，advise，allow，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，permit，practice，suggest等Have you all finished doing the test？你们大家都做完测试题了吗？I sug
10、gested trying it in a different way.我建议换一种方法试试。二者均可意义相同begin，start，like，love，dislike，hate等I love lying/to lie on sands and staring into the sky.我喜欢躺在沙滩上凝视天空。remember to do sth.记得要做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记曾做过某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事mea
11、n to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事try doing sth.尝试去做某事 go on to do sth 继续做(另一件）事go on doing sth 继续做（同一件）事 cant help to do 不能帮忙做事cant help doing 禁不住做事regret to do sth.很遗憾要做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;decide/determine,learn,want,expect
12、/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.agree,ask/beg,help.决心学习想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。决心学习想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。2.The verb below must be followed by ing form when2.The verb below must be follow
13、ed by ing form when they are followed by a verb.-ing they are followed by a verb.-ing形式。形式。consider/suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon;consider/suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy;admit,delay/put off,fancy;avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;avoid,miss,keep/
14、keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk.forbid,imagine,risk.cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape;cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape;考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没的想。考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没的想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。Some certain verb e
15、xpressions must also be followed by ing Some certain verb expressions must also be followed by ing form.form.必须跟必须跟-ing-ingbe/get used to,stick to,object to;lead to,devote to,look forward toadd to,get to/get down to,pay attention to,cant stand,give up,feel like,put off,be busy(in)外研社必修二Module4 Gramm
16、ar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）sb.think/find+it+adj.+to do She finds it necessary to talk to him again.I think it important to learn English.不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）此类动词还有哪些？此类动词还有哪些？想要某人做 希望某人做允许某人做 建议某人做鼓励某人做 帮助某人做喜欢某人做want sb
17、.to dowish/hope sb.to doallow sb.to doadvise sb.to doencourage sb.to dohelp sb.(to)dowould like sb.to do外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）常用带to不定式作宾补的情况：1.主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/allow/cause encourage/forbid/force/intend/permit/2.persuade/remind/request/urge/3.w
18、ant/wish+sb.to do.sth.常考难点：常考难点：1 1）Let me do it.Let me do it.2 2）I saw him cross the street.I saw him cross the street.上述动词接不定式省略了作宾语补足语不带to 的情况：1.使役动词:let,make,have2.感官动词:see,watch,notice，hear,feel外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）比较：比较：1 1）I heard her I heard her singsin
19、g in the next room.in the next room.2 2）I heard her I heard her singingsinging in the next room.in the next room.感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式 作宾补，也可跟动名词作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。以上两句有什么不同？外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）1.John was made the car for a week as a punishment A.to wash
20、 B.washing C.wash 2.I heard her at 8:00 yesterday.A.sing B.singing C.sang 3.You mustnt let him too much TV.A.watch B.to watch C.watchingABA难点突破难点突破:外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）1)I went there 1)I went there in orderin order to seeto see my teacher.my teacher.2)The boy
21、was 2)The boy was tootoo frightened frightened toto movemove.3)Im sorry 3)Im sorry to troubleto trouble you.you.(目的)(结果)（原因）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）1.She ran fast 1.She ran fast (为了赶上为了赶上)the first bus.)the first bus.2 2、I was I was .(.(太累了，难于入睡。太累了，难于入睡。)难点突破难点突破
22、1 1：in order to catchin order to catchtoo tired to fall asleeptoo tired to fall asleep常考：in order to/too to难点突破难点突破2 2：to do不定式与only或者never连用，表示出乎意料的结果。例如：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.He left home at the age of 10,never to come back again.外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研
23、社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）1)Have you got anything to say?2)Hes looking for a room to live in?不定式作定语，如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，则不定式中要有介词。如上例的2)外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）His wish is to be a doctor.My job is to help the patient.不定式作表语常放在_动词之后。bebe外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外
24、研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what,where等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在与why连用时，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）1.had better(not)do sth.2.Why not do sth.?3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.4.Its time to do sth.5.sb/sth
25、 is said/reported to do 6.prefer to do rather than do 7.would rather do sth.8.The first/best one to do 外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）难点突破难点突破:1.He didnt know (说什么)。2.(如何保护环境)is very important.3.My question is .(什么时候开始)。4.Please tell me .(去哪儿)5.I dont know _(买哪一个)for you
26、what to saywhat to sayHow to protect the environment How to protect the environment when to startwhen to startwhere to gowhere to gowhich one to buywhich one to buy外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）1I attempted(reading/to read)the entire novel in one sitting.答案：to read 2The
27、 twin brothers always enjoy(going/to go)to the concert.答案：going 3It is necessary for older people(understand/to understand)what they think and feel.答案：to understand外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）4I dont think it possible(learn/to learn)a foreign language well without a l
28、ot of hard work.答案：to learn 5The factory has decided(adopting/to adopt)his method of making the machine.答案：to adopt外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）1He used _on the right in China，but he soon got used _on the left in England.Ato drive；to driveBto drive；driving Cto driving；
29、to drive Dto drive；to driving 句意为：他过去在中国都是靠右行驶，但很快他在英国 习惯了靠左行驶。解析：选D。used to do表示“过去常常做某事”，get used to doing表示“习惯于做某事”外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）2Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.Ato carry Bcarrying Cto be carried Dbeing carrie
30、d 句意：乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。解析：选A。该题考查permit的固定搭配be permitted to do sth.(被允许 做某事)的用法。动词不定式在permit sb.to do中作宾语补足语，但 在be permitted to do中作主语补足语。可排除B、D选项。to carry 是动词不定式一般式的主动形式，而to be carried则是动词不定式一 般式的被动形式。根据passengers与carry之间的主动关系可确定选A外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）3Tom asked
31、 the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.Abreak Bbreaking Cbroken Dto break 句意：“汤姆问糖果制造商们能否把巧克力做得更易于掰成小块。”解析：选D。这是一个固定句式：make sth.adj.(for sb.)to do“使某事变得 (使某人)做起来”，如make English easy for us to learn(使英语变得让我们学起来容 易)，因此选D项动词不定式。外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二
32、Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）4She pretended _me when I passed by.Anot seeing Bnot to see Cto not see Dhaving not seen 解析：选B。pretend 后跟to do作宾语，to do 的否定形式是 not to do。5He was very sorry that he had missed _her at the party.Ato see Bseeing Cto have seen Dsaw 解析：选B。miss 后接ing 作宾语。外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张P
33、PT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）6In some parts of London，missing a bus means _for another hour.Awaiting Bto wait Cwait Dto be waiting句意：错过这辆公共汽车意味着再等一小时。解析：选A。mean doing“意味着”；mean to do“打算去做某事”。外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）7We regret _that the film was not worth _.Ato
34、 say；to see Bto say；seeing Csaying；to see Dsaying；to seeing 句意为：我们很遗憾地告诉你这部电影不值得一看。解析：选B。本题考查 regret 和 be worth的用法。regret to do 表示“为要做某事而抱歉”，regret doing 意为“后悔做了某事”。be worth doing“值得做某事”。外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）8Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions.I
35、ts no use _with him.Ato argue Barguing Cargued Dhaving argued 解析：选B。Its no use doing 常用句型。外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）9The light in your classroom is till on.Oh，I forgot _.Aturning it off Bturn off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off 解析：选C。forget to do 忘记去做某事。外研社必修二
36、Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）10Tom doesnt mind _by his father.Ato punish Bpunished Cpunishing Dbeing punished句意：汤姆不介意被父亲惩罚解析：选D。mind 后跟ing作宾语外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）11(福建高考)basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergen
37、cies.AKnownBHaving known CKnowing DBeing known【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为will help，因此所选非谓语动词 做主语，故使用动名词，【答案】C外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）12He made up his mind to devote his life pollution happily.Ato prevent；to live Bto prevent；from living Cto preventing；to live Dto preventing；
38、from living【解析】devote.to.献身于，to为介词，后接动名词作宾语；第二空不定式表目的，“为了快乐地生活”。【答案】C外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）13I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.Afind Bfound Cto find Dfinding【解析】考查固定短语的用法。句意：在那家饭店的菜谱上，我很难找到合适的饭菜。have difficulty(in)doing sth.
39、是固定短语，表示“在做某事时有困难，有麻烦”，其中difficulty是不可数名词，也可替换为trouble，problem等。本句中的in省略。【答案】D外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）14I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Ato take Bto be taken Ctaking Dbeing taken【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语的用法。动词remember的宾语可以用动名词形式表示动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式形式表示
40、动作还未发生。根据后文中的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经发生，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式作宾语。【答案】D外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）15Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried alone，but she didnt like it and moved back home.Aliving Bto live Cto be living Dhaving lived【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语的用法。句意：苏珊想独立，
41、不想再依赖父母，她试着自己住，但不喜欢，于是又搬回了家。try doing.表示“试着去做”,try to do.表示“试图努力地去做”。选A外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）16When I caught him cheating me，I stopped things in his shop.Abuying Bbuy Cto buy Dbought【解析】句意：当我发现他欺骗我时，我再也不去他的商店买东西了。stop to do意为“停下来去做”；stop doing意为“停止做”【答案】A外研社必修二M
42、odule4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）17As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area .Aneed repairing Bneeds to repair Cneeds repairing Dneed to repair【解析】two-thirds of the buildings作主语，谓语动词用复数，故排除B、C两项。此处的need意为“需要”，且repair和buildings是动宾关系，need后用ving形式的主动式或
43、不定式的被动式，【答案】A外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）18 to that piece of music always makes her feel happy.AListening BTo listen CListen DListened【解析】ving形式作主语，表示“一贯的，经常的”动作；而to do不 定式作主语常表示“某一次的”动作。【答案】A外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）19Much attention
44、 must be paid the endangered animals.Aprotect Bto protect Cto protecting Dprotecting【解析】pay attention to是固定词组，意为“注意”，其中to是介词，后接v.ing形式作宾语。【答案】C外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）20.Its no good to come now.He is busy.Aif you ask him Bto ask him Casking him Dthat you ask him【解
45、析】Its no good doing是固定句型，意为“做没有用”。【答案】C外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）用动词的适当形式填空 1Practise_(put)your hand to the ground.答案：putting 2I cant help_(join in)the trip to Britain.答案：joining in 3He didnt feel like ，so he suggested _ the day in the garden.(work，spend)答案：working；
46、spending 4The doctor advised_(stay)longer in hospital.答案：staying外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）5Michael has delayed_(write)to her till today.答案：writing 6The law forbids_(sell)liquor to children.答案：selling 7They all suggested_(give)more chances.答案：giving 8We dont allow_(s
47、moke)in the office.答案：smoking外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）9Her work is_(look)after the children.答案：looking 10Its no use_(sit)here waiting.答案：sitting 11I regret_(go)to his hometown.答案：going 12Lets try_(do)the work in some other way.答案：doing外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）
48、外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）1I have made up my mind，and I dont want to put off (make)a try at it.2Mr.Reese has promised (look)into the matter and give us an answer next week.3 (swim)is one of the best allround exercises.It keeps me in good shape.4To their great joy，the opportunity they looked forw
49、ard to (come)at last.5Shanghai was a beautiful city，so he decided (stay)there for another two days.6His first novel was a great success.Then he went on (write)a second one.7Mary likes but she doesnt like today because she feels sick.(dance)8 (be)able to speak another language fluently is a great advantage when you are looking for a job.9He was tired of (walk)round the gallery.He wanted to sit down.10He is attempting (finish)his painting by the weekend.外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）外研社必修二Module4 Grammar（共52张PPT）
