1、Unit 5 The power of nature Learning about language选修六选修六 Discovering useful words and expressions1 Replace the underlined parts with a word or phrase of similar meaning from the text.Rewrite the sentence if necessary.1.We received the written set of questions from the company as they were eager to f
2、ind out our opinion on their products.the questionnaire2.The car drew up next to the side of our car and the driver waved to us.3.The scientists were studying carefully to see how successful the experiment is.alongsideThe scientists were evaluating the experiment4.I moved carefully over the fallen r
3、ocks and returned to the car.5.I think the boy is likely to achieve success in painting,but he needs training.6.The teacher was given the job because he was the best candidate.made my wayhas potentialappointed7.It is certain that the factory will greatly raise their efficiency if they have modern ma
4、chines and tools.8.Charles looked at the drawing that shows how the machine works and knew immediately what was wrong with it.equipmentdiagram2 Complete the paragraph with the words in the box in the correct forms.burn to the ground absolute volcano eruption wave fountain ash lava erupt The eruption
5、 of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD took the people of Pompeii by surprise.They had always known that the mountain was a _ but it had been quiet for so long that nobody saw it as a threat.When the volcano finally did _,volcanoeruptit was so quick and so severe that the town was soon covered in _ and _.A writ
6、er called Pliny,who was there during the _,described how lava was thrown into the air like a _.After it fell to earth,it turned into _ of lava which travelled down the mountain ashlavaeruptionfountainwavesfaster than people could run away.It was an _ disaster for those who could not escape in time.M
7、any of the wooden houses and bungalows in Pompeii were _,but the stone houses remained under the ash until they were rediscovered during the 20th century.absoluteburned to the groundRevising the ing form本课时重难点本课时重难点n重点重点:动词动词-ing形式的作用形式的作用 动词动词-ing形式在做状语时的作用形式在做状语时的作用n难点难点:动词动词-ing形式的一般式与完成式的区别形式的一般
8、式与完成式的区别说出下列动词的现在分词形式：说出下列动词的现在分词形式：nWork _ sleep _ study _ntake _ make _ dance _ ncut _ put _ begin _nlie _ tie _ die _观察下列例句观察下列例句,思考划线部分作用思考划线部分作用。(1)This is an interesting book.()(2)The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher.()(3)Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up
9、.()(4)I saw the boy walking on the street yesterday.()(5)Playing football is his favotire sport.()(6)I didnt stop working last night.()(7)My work is teaching English.()定语定语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补 主语主语宾语宾语表语表语归纳总结：归纳总结：动词动词-ing是是 _ _ 中的一种，中的一种，单独使用时单独使用时,能在句中做除能在句中做除_ _ 之外的任何其他句子成分。如之外的任何其他句子成分。如:主语、主语、宾语、表语、定语
10、、状语、宾补等。宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。在语态上动词在语态上动词-ing表示表示 _ (主动主动/被动的动作被动的动作)。在时间上在时间上,动词动词-ing-ing一般表示一般表示 _ (正在进行正在进行/已经完成已经完成)的动作。的动作。动词非谓语形式动词非谓语形式谓语谓语主动主动正在进行正在进行Looking carefully at the ground,I made my way to the edge of the crater.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already,I didnt take
11、much notice.The ing form used as an adverbial:用法用法例句例句时间时间 Walking along the street,I met Mary.(=While I was walking along the street)在街上走的时候在街上走的时候,我遇到了玛丽我遇到了玛丽。一、一、动词动词-ing形式作状语形式作状语用法用法例句例句原因原因 Being tired,I stopped to take a rest.(=Because I was tired,)因为疲倦因为疲倦,我停下来休息我停下来休息。条件条件 Turning to the l
12、eft,you will find the school.(=If you turn to the left,)向左走向左走,你就会找到那个学校你就会找到那个学校。用法用法例句例句让步让步 Knowing where I live,he never come to see me.(=Though he knows where I live,)尽管他知道我的住处尽管他知道我的住处,但从不但从不来看我。来看我。用法用法例句例句伴随伴随 I stood there,waiting for her.(=,and waited for her.)我站在那儿等她。我站在那儿等她。结果结果 It raine
13、d heavily,causing severe flooding in the area.(=It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨在这个地方雨下的如此大下的如此大,以至引发了洪灾。以至引发了洪灾。二、动词二、动词 ing形式的完成式形式的完成式句型句型主动主动Having+p.p.,主语主语+谓语谓语被动被动(Having been)+p.p.,主语主语+谓语谓语用法用法1)ing形式的完成式所表示的形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前时间在谓语动词之前2)2)表示被动可直接用过去分词
14、表示被动可直接用过去分词例句例句Having finished my work,I went home.(=After I had finished my work,)工作做完之后工作做完之后,我就回家了我就回家了。例句例句：(Having been)written in haste,the book has some faults.这本书因仓促写成这本书因仓促写成,所以有些缺憾所以有些缺憾。观察下列观察下列2个句子个句子,体会体会having done与与doing的不同用法的不同用法:1)Having written the letter,John went to the post off
15、ice.2)Seeing the beautiful sight,the children felt excited.总结总结:V-ingdoinghaving done表动作表动作有先有后有先有后表动作表动作同时发生同时发生一般式一般式完成式完成式Exercise 1:1)_ the child to bed,she began to correct the students homework.A.Sending B.Being sent C.Sent D.Having sent2)Be careful when/while _ (cross)the street.3)_(听到这个消息听到这
16、个消息),we got excited.crossingHearing the newsD 举一反三举一反三:V-ingdoinghaving done一般式一般式完成式完成式being donehaving been done主动主动被动被动Exercise 2:1)她被蛇咬了三次后她被蛇咬了三次后,她看见蛇后就害怕。她看见蛇后就害怕。_ _ _ _ _2)2)正在进行的那个会议非常重要正在进行的那个会议非常重要。_ _Having been bitten by the snake for three times,she feels frightenedThe meeting being h
17、old now is of great importance.when seeing the snake.1)_ him the answer several times,I didnt know whether he could understand.2)_ the answer several times,he still couldnt solve the problem.Having toldHaving been toldExercise 3:用用having been told/having told填空：填空：主动主动被动被动归纳归纳主句主语为动作的主句主语为动作的发出者发出者。
18、主句主语为动作的主句主语为动作的承受者承受者。1.分词分词 (短语短语)作状语时作状语时,其逻辑主语其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致,必须用独立主格结构来表示必须用独立主格结构来表示,也就是在也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。三、三、使用使用-ing形式需注意的几个问题形式需注意的几个问题Comparing all the great people with each other,youll find that they have much in common.Finding her car stolen,she hurrie
19、d to a policeman for help.The train having gone,we had to wait another day.分析分析:前两例中前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中主句的主语。最后一例中having gone的的逻辑主语是逻辑主语是 the train。My wife had a long talk with Sally,explaining why she didnt want the children to play together.我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间,解释她解释她为什么不想让孩
20、子们在一起玩。为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。分析分析:现在分词现在分词explaining是句子主语是句子主语my wife做的动作它们之间是主动关系，做的动作它们之间是主动关系，即即explaining的逻辑主语就是句子的的逻辑主语就是句子的主语主语my wife。一般来说一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表过去分词表示被动、完成。试比较示被动、完成。试比较:The enemy fled in a panic,leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons.Defeated and frightened,the en
21、emy fled in a panic.2.与过去分词作状语的区别与过去分词作状语的区别分析分析:前一例中的前一例中的-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为主动关系之间为主动关系;后一句后一句中的过去分词中的过去分词defeated和和frightened表原因表原因,它与其它与其逻辑主语逻辑主语the enemy之间为被动关系。之间为被动关系。3.分词短语做状语时分词短语做状语时,前面可以加上连词前面可以加上连词或介词或介词,但是分词短语和句子之间不能用但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词并列连词(如如but,and
22、),因为并列连词接的因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分是两个并列成分,而分词短语只是全句而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分的一个状语部分,分词和主句之间可用分词和主句之间可用逗号。逗号。When seeing from the top of the hill,you can enjoy the whole beauty of this city.误误:Having been told many times,but he still couldnt understand it.正正:He was told many times,but he still couldnt understand it.或或
23、 Having been told many times,he still couldnt understand it.4.-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。如现在分词表示先发生的动作。如:Having brushed his teeth,Mr.Brown came downstairs for breakfast.布朗先生刷过牙布朗先生刷过牙,就下楼来吃早饭。就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成此句如写成:Brushing his
24、 teeth,Mr.Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指可能指 “边刷牙边刷牙,边下楼边下楼)Coming into the room,he put down his bag.(=He came into the room and put down his bag.)他走进房间他走进房间,放下提包。放下提包。Opening the drawer,he took out his wallet.(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)他打开抽屉他打开抽屉,拿出钱包。拿出钱包。Not fearing t
25、he fire,the child touched and got a finger burnt.小孩儿不知道小孩儿不知道 怕火怕火,用手去摸用手去摸,把手指烫了把手指烫了。Not knowing how to find the subway,I asked a policeman for help.我不知怎我不知怎样找到地铁样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙。就去找警察帮忙。5.分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上加上 not,never等否定词构成。如等否定词构成。如:1.More and more people are signing up for Yoga clas
26、ses nowadays,_ advantage of the healthy and relaxation benefits.A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been takenA 2._ carefully,the patient left the hospital.A.Having examined B.Being examined C.Examining D.Having been examined3._ many times,but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B
27、.Though he had been told C.He was told D.Having toldD A 1.“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 例题解析例题解析B解析解析:答案答案B。running away在此作在此作shouted的伴随状语的伴随状语,由由Janet发出这发出这一动作。一动作。2.The storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having
28、 causedD解析解析:答案答案D。题意。题意:暴雨过去了暴雨过去了,只留只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下文逻辑意义看文逻辑意义看,此处应表示自然而然的此处应表示自然而然的结果结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故用现在分词作结果状语。3._ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waitedC解析解析:答案答案C。此处为现
29、在分词的完。此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语成式作时间状语,表明该动作发生在表明该动作发生在realized之前。之前。4._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffered C.To suffer D.SufferedA解析解析:答案答案A。由。由already提示提示,分词动分词动作发生在谓语之前作发生在谓语之前,故须用分词的完故须用分词的完成式。成式。5.The secretary worked all night long,_ a
30、 long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparingB解析解析:答案答案B。非谓语动词充当伴随。非谓语动词充当伴随状语状语,与主语与主语the secretary是主动关系是主动关系,因此用因此用v.-ing形式。形式。I.每空填一词每空填一词,使该句与所给句子的使该句与所给句子的 意思相同。意思相同。1.Because he was ill,he didnt go to school._ _,he didnt go to school.2.When she was walking
31、along the street one day,she met an old friend of hers._ _ the street one day,she met an old friend of hers.Being illWalking along3.If it is sunny,well go for a picnic tomorrow._ _ _,well go for a picnic tomorrow.4.After she had finished her homework,the little girl began to watch TV._ _ her homewor
32、k,the little girl began to watch TV.5.Because they had been warned by the teacher,they didnt make such mistakes._ _ _ by the teacher,they didnt make such mistakes.It being sunnyHaving finishedHaving been warned6.As it was a holiday,all the shops were shut._ _ _ _,all the shops were shut.7.If I had b
33、een given a longer time,I could have done it better than planned._ _ _ a longer time,I could have done it better than planned.8.After I got home,I found my books missing._ _ _,I found my books missing.Having got home Having been givenIt being a holiday9.When he was still a small boy,he went to Franc
34、e with his father._ _ _ _,he went to France with his father.10.When autumn comes,swallows go to the south._ _,swallows go to the south.Beingasmall boyAutumn coming.将每组中的两个句子组合成一个拥有将每组中的两个句子组合成一个拥有动词动词-ing形式的句子。形式的句子。1.Alice saw a volcano erupting in the morning.She felt excited and couldnt fall asle
35、ep at night.Having seen a volcano eruption in the morning,Alice felt excited and couldnt fall asleep at night.2.I knew the sight is impressive on the top of the mountain.I made an effort to climb onto it.Knowing the sight was impressive on the top of the mountain,I made an effort to climb onto it.3.
36、The new book of the famous novelist was very boring.It didnt become popular among young people.Being very boring,the new book of the famous novelist didnt become popular among young people.4.Jim knew he had HIV.He was absolutely anxious and frightened about it.Knowing he had HIV,Jim was absolutely a
37、nxious and frightened about it.Glancing through the window,he saw a swallow trembling on the ground with a broken leg.5.He glanced through the window.He saw a swallow trembling on the ground with a broken leg.6.After I got the news about the terrible typhoon,I called my father to see if everyone was OK.Having got the news about the terrible typhoon,I called my father to see if everyone was OK.Homework Remember the grammar rules and then finish the exercises 2,3 and 4 on P37.
