1、L38 Everything except the weatherThe sights in MediterraneanMediterranean meditreinin(the)地中海 Mediterranean n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea,位于欧,亚,非三大洲之间）,地中海沿岸的居民 adj.地中海的,地中海民族的地中海气候属于夏季炎热干燥，冬季温和湿润的气候类型。分布于南、北纬3040间的大陆西岸，如美国加利福尼亚州的太平洋沿岸，智利沿海，澳大利亚南部沿海地区和非洲南部的开普敦地区。以地中海地区最为典型。气候温和湿润。冬季气温510，夏季2127As is know
2、 to all,a typical English gentleman usually takes an umbrella with him.Similarly,when people there meet others,they usually begin with the weather.Let us have a testHere are some proverbs,guess the right meaning.Its rianing cats and dogs.下得倾盆大雨A misty morning may have a fine day.早晨有雾露，可能是晴天。A good w
3、inter brings a good summer瑞雪兆丰年 Complain抱怨complain v.抱怨 complain to sb.向某人抱怨 complain of/about sth.抱怨某事 我们没有什么可发牢骚的 We have nothing to complain of.不要向我抱怨了！Dont complain to me!continuously adv.不断地，连续地 （指动作中间没有间断）你不许连续看很长时间的电视。You mustnt watch TV for such a long time continuously.这架飞机可以连续飞行20小时。This p
4、lane can fly continuously for twenty hours.continually adv.频繁地，反复地 （指动作中间有间断但又持续很久）天频繁地下雨。It rained continually.小婴儿不停地哭。The baby cries continually.Rain continuely 不断地下雨except prep.除了以外except /besides/apart from/but 1)besides 表示“以外，（还，也）（包括）”除了英语，他们还学习数学、医学和化学。Besides English,they also study math,phy
5、sics and chemistry.2)except表示“除外”（不包括）除了星期天，他每天早上都起得很早。He gets up early everyday except Sunday.except prep.除了以外except /besides/apart from/but 3）apart from既可以包括也可以不包括 除了这封信，我什么都不知道。Apart from this letter,I know nothing.4)but 常与 no，nobody all,everywhere等连用 除了主席，所有的人都准时在这儿。They were all there on time b
6、ut the chairman.bitterly adv bitter adj a.生气、沮丧 对于失去工作他们感到非常的生气。They are very bitter about losing the jobs.b.苦的 那药尝起来是苦的。The medicine tasted bitter.c.表示“令人不舒服的冷、刺骨的冷”。课文中bitterly cold是“副词形容词”的用法，同样是表示“非常冷、令人不舒服的冷、刺骨的冷”的意思。bitterly disappointed 彻底的失望Bitterly cold 刺骨的冷Sunshine 阳光sunshine n 阳光也可直接用“sun
7、”表示阳光 a drop of sunshine一缕阳光 sunrise日出 sunset日落 suntan晒黑 dawn黎明 dusk黄昏 no soonerthan 一就（关联词，引导时间状语从句。主句里常用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时 had no sooner donethan+一般过去时,固定用法 (时态结构:完成时态+than+一般过去时)他一到就打电话给我。He had no sooner arrived than he called me up.no sooner 放在句首就要倒装 No sooner had he arrived than he called m
8、e up.(倒装)他一开始讲话就被打断了。（倒装句）No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted.more than 表示“超过的范围”这条新闻我难以相信。This piece of news is more than I can believe.I cant afford it.It is more than I can afford.hardlywhen 还没来得及就，用法同no soonerthan hardly had sb done when(hardly在句首,要倒装)当被打晕的时候，他还没来得及睁开眼睛。He ha
9、d hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out.（knock out:打晕,击倒）Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving.as if(sometimes subjunctive mood)他装作好像认识我一样。他装作好像认识我一样。He acts as if he knew me.(事实上并不知道我)他们对待我好像陌生人一样。They treat me as if I were a stranger.天好像要下雨了。It looks as if it is going to rai
10、n(天要下雨)连词连词as if/though引导方式状语从句，通常跟引导方式状语从句，通常跟在在描述行为举止的动词描述行为举止的动词之后，如之后，如act，appear，feel，look，smell，sound等后面。等后面。（Simple past tense 一般过去时）一般过去时）1.He has heard the song before.（Present perfect tense 现在完成时）现在完成时）3.He said he had heard the song two years before.（Past perfect tense 过去完成时）过去完成时）2.He he
11、ard it two years ago.Present perfect tense 现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时结构结构：助动词助动词have/has+have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词用法用法1 1：1.I have already finished my homework.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果成的影响或结果NP PF3.He _(lose)his key,and he cant get into his house now.has lost2.I have never seen him before.现在完成时
12、现在完成时用法用法1 1：already,yet,just,ever,never,before表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果成的影响或结果时间状语：时间状语：两两“去去”Have/has been(to)Have/has gone(to)去过某地去过某地去了某地去了某地have/has been in 来来/去去/到到/在某地在某地他来中国两年了他来中国两年了He has been in China for two years.have/has been(to)have/has been(to)去过某地去过某地我以前从未去过那儿他们去过英国两次了你曾
13、经去过美国吗？你去那里了？我去老师办公室了I have never been there before.I have been to England twice.Have you ever been to the USA?-Where have you been?-I have been to the teachers office.another placehave/has gone to 去了某地去了某地1.Tom isnt here.He _ Beijing.2.-Where is Mr.Li?-He _ Beijing,and he will come back in two week
14、s.has gone tohas gone to another place用法用法2：表示过去已经开始，并持续到现在（包表示过去已经开始，并持续到现在（包括现在在内）的动作或状态括现在在内）的动作或状态NP PF F时间状语：时间状语：1.for+一段时间一段时间2.since过去时间点过去时间点yesterdaylast three days ago1997this morningthensince过去时句子过去时句子3.how long3.how longsince I was born现在完成时现在完成时We have learned English for six years.He
15、has worked in the factory since he left school.They have lived in Beijing since 1980.How long have you studied in this school?现在完成时现在完成时用法用法2：1.1.我们学英语六年了我们学英语六年了2.2.自自19801980年起他们就住在北京了年起他们就住在北京了3.3.自他毕业起他就在这个工厂工作了自他毕业起他就在这个工厂工作了4.4.你在这个学校学习多长时间了你在这个学校学习多长时间了havekeepbe away(from)be in be onbe deadb
16、e a member ofbe inbe in 遇到表示一段时间的时间状语遇到表示一段时间的时间状语,瞬间动词必须改瞬间动词必须改成延续性动词或短语。成延续性动词或短语。buy _ borrow _ begin _ leave _ die _ come/go to _join _ arrive at/reach/get to _现在完成时现在完成时用法用法2：现在完成时现在完成时时间状语：时间状语：in the past/last few yearsrecentlyin recent years/months/daysby now/so far/up to nowPlease translat
17、e the sentences into English1.1.李雷买这本字典李雷买这本字典3 3天了。天了。Lilei _ for three Lilei _ for three days.days.2.2.他们搬到这儿他的爷爷就去世了他们搬到这儿他的爷爷就去世了His grandfather _since His grandfather _since they moved here.they moved here.3.3.他两年前就离开家乡了他两年前就离开家乡了He _ since He _ since two years ago.two years ago.has had the dic
18、tionaryhas been deadhas been away from his hometownLets do some exercises:Lets do some exercises:hasnt beenhas snowedhas developedhas turned1.There _(not be)much rain in my hometown since the beginning of this month.(2005无锡市中考）无锡市中考）2.It _（snow)twice in his hometown since a week ago.(2006无锡市中考）无锡市中考
19、）3.So far,China _(develop)about 1,360 kinds of green food.(2007无锡市中考无锡市中考）4.Look,the small park here _(turn)into a threater.past perfect tense 过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时结构：结构：助动词助动词had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词用法一：用法一：动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，动作发生的时间是发生或完成，动作发生的时间是“过过去的过去去的过去”PNF时间状语：时间状语：by+by+过去时间过去时间
20、 ,by the time+,by the time+过去时的句子过去时的句子,when/before+when/before+过去时的句子过去时的句子过去完成时过去完成时用法一：用法一：4.By the end of last year,they had built more than ten bridges.3.She had to go back to shool,because she has left her book there.2.The train had already left when arrived at the station.1.She had been a mod
21、el before she became a Hollywood superstar.动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，动作发生的时间是发生或完成，动作发生的时间是“过过去的过去去的过去”用法二：用法二：过去完成时过去完成时表示从过去某一个时候开始持续到过表示从过去某一个时候开始持续到过去的另一时间动作或状态去的另一时间动作或状态1.The film had been on for ten minutes when we arrived at the cinema.2.She had worked in the factory by the end o
22、f last year.PNF1.When his grandmother saw again,he _(grow)up into a tall yound man.(2005无锡市中考）无锡市中考）2.Xiao Wang didnt want to tell me anything about what he _ just _(hear).(2006无锡市中考）无锡市中考）3.By the time she was fifteen,Kitty _(teach)herself a foreign language.(2006无锡市无锡市中考）中考）Lets do some practice:L
23、ets do some practice:had taughthad heardhad grownPresent perfect tense and past perfect tense1.He _(see)the film twice,so he didnt go to the cinema with us.He _(see)the film twice,so he knows it very well.had seenhas seen2.Its said that they _(live)there together since then.Mr Green said that he _(buy)the book the day before.Mr Green said that he _(keep)the book for two days.have livedhad boughthad kept
