1、Chapter II RhythmUnit 5Weak Form弱读FOCUSWeak Form 弱读Principles of Weak Form 弱读的规则Exercises 练习Weak FormWhat Is Weak Form?什么是弱读？什么是弱读？In order to maintain the rhythm of coherent English speech,speed up the flow of words,highlight stressed syllables spoken at regular intervals，we choose to use weak form
2、.It is mainly reflected in the vowel.在连贯的言语中，为了加速语流速度，突出表达重点，增强一轻一重节奏中重音的响亮程度，对于那些不需要重读或强调的虚词采用弱读形式，单词在非重读位置上的弱化是英语中一个重要的语音现象，它主要体现在元音上。一个弱读的词，它的元音有几种变化情况：一是元音改变。例如：人称代词uss变为s。二是长元音变成短元音。例如：人称代词we wi:在句中不重读时，读它的弱读形式wi。三是元音省略或脱落。例如：I amai m 就弱化成Imaim。Weak FormWhat Is Weak Form?什么是弱读？什么是弱读？在句子中不重读的单词采
3、用弱读式，重读时采用强读式。英语具有强读和弱读的常用词大约有六千个左右。例如：人称代词her 的读音为h:，在句中不重读，它的弱读式为h。一般来说，虚词在句中不重读时采用弱读的形式，重读时则采用强读式。例如：are a:them em mand nd n nam m mbeen bi:n binwere w:wWeak FormWhat Is Weak Form?什么是弱读？什么是弱读？1.It was too difficult for them to read.it wz tu:difiklt f m t ri:d2.I am waiting for you.aim weiti f:ju:
4、aim weiti f ju:3.the other end i r end.4.For some reason she is absent today.f:sm ri:zniz bsnt tdei5.Some people like it,but others dont.sm pi:pl laik it bt z duntIn order to make the speech fluent and stress some words,we made the following form for your reference.It can be conducive to the learner
5、s study and practice.Weak FormWhat Is Weak Form?什么是弱读？什么是弱读？WordsStrong FormWeak Formae a man,not two man This is a pan.amm yes,I am.m I am ready.andnd and,indeed,I shouldnd You and I can go.area:r Yes,they are.All are gone.att What are they staring at?t Look at the house.bebi:How can it be?bi It co
6、uldnt be done.butbt But you see,I did.bt you were out,I came to your room,but next week?bybai They drove by.b By the way,can you come up?cankn I believe you can.kn I can do it tomorrow.dodu:Yes I do.d What do they do?How do you do?doesdz I suppose he does.dz How does it go?forf:Who is it for?f Wait
7、for Alice.Weak FormWhat Is Weak Form?什么是弱读？什么是弱读？WordsStrong FormWeak Formfromfrm where did he come from?frm He came from town.herh:Thats her box,not his.h He met her at the station.himhim Give it to him,not me.im I met him in the town.maymei It may be so.m you may go now.mustmst Well do it if we mu
8、st.mst We must go now.mymai Thats my book,not yours.m Please get my coat.shalll I think I shall.m Please get my coat.shei:I saw him before she did.i what did she say?somesm Some are better than others.sm Lets have some ice cream.totu What is it coming to?t He had nothing to offer.youju:This is for y
9、ou.j How do you do?yourjur Your way is better.jr Saw your brother today.Weak FormPrinciples of Weak Form 弱读的规则弱读的规则In order to master Weak Form of words in spoken English,the following mentioned aspects may be quite useful for the learners.1.Generally,weak form refers to stressed form of the vowel w
10、eaken into or i,such as from frm into frm.2.Sometimes weak form will only be the shortened sound of the long vowel in stressed form,such as she i:weakened into i.3.Some of the weak form words are omitted from the stressed form of the vowels and there only remain consonants,such as have hv weakened i
11、nto v.4.From the part of speech,the weak form words were mostly limited to monosyllabic words,such as determiner,auxiliary verb,the verb“be”,prepositions,conjunctive words,and personal pronouns.Weak FormPrinciples of Weak Form 弱读的规则弱读的规则1.弱读式一般是把强读式的元音弱化成或i，如fromfrm读成frm。2.有时单词的弱读式只是将强读式中的元音音长缩短，如：s
12、hei:被弱化为i。3.有的单词的弱读形式中省略了强读式中的元音，只剩下辅音，如：havehv的一个弱读式便是v。4.从词性上看，弱读式的词大多为单音节的限定词、助动词、动词be、介词、关联词和人称代词等。Weak FormPrinciples of Weak Form 弱读的规则弱读的规则Weak Form is often used in spoken English.It helps make the speech fluent and smooth.Weak Form of words means speaking out the words lightly and clearly.M
13、astering Weak Form of the words contributes to the improvement of listening comprehension and acceleration of the speed of spoken English.在英语口语中，我们经常会用到单词的弱读式。弱读并不是读得含混不清，弱读式应读得既“轻”又“清”。在听力方面，学习者如果能够掌握单词的弱读式，在听快速的日常生活会话时，就不会感觉力不从心。实际上，这些平时常见的词只是以不同的发音形式出现而已。所以掌握单词的弱读式有助于理解能力的提高和加快英语口语的语速。Weak FormEx
14、ercises1.Listen to the recording and read the following phrases and sentences paying attention to the weak forms of determiners.a an thea:a book a table a chair a hata dictionary a piece of paperan n:an hour an apple an answeran easy question an orange an extra lessonthe:the banana the watermelon th
15、e girlthe boy the mother the fatherWeak FormExercises2.Listen to the recording and read the following phrases,paying attention to the weakforms of prepositions.at of to for fromat t:at a meeting at home look at meat school dance at a ball at a restaurantof v:a cup of tea the bottom of her bag three
16、bags of orangea pair of shoes a glass of beer a bottle of milkto t:go to school speak to him want to knowhave to go write to us to come here togetherfor f:for a day for me for everfor some water for the book for her motherfrom frm:from here from college from that restaurantfrom an old friend from ho
17、mes from meWeak FormExercises3.Listen to the recording and read the following sentences,paying attention to the weak forms of personal pronouns.them us we herthem m:I saw them just now.Tell them how to do next.She did something for them.us s:Can you let us go?They treat us very badly.Please give us
18、some more time.we wi:We must go.We must treat everybody well.We have little time to solve this problem.her h:I like to talk with her.Her new dress is very beautiful.Ive already invited her for dinner.Weak FormExercises4.Listen to the recording and read the following sentences,paying attention to the
19、 weak forms of conjunctions.and but than that asand n(d):Id like a cup of tea and some fruit.He has gone to college and may come back at noon.but bt:But she has known that bad news.I want to go together with you but I cant.than n:He is taller than me.Why do you like Mary much more than Tom?that t:It
20、 is said that she used to live here.She told me that she was not working at the school any more.as z:She is as innocent as a child.Please come here as soon as possible.Weak FormExercises5.Listen to the recording,read the following sentences,paying attention to the weakforms of auxiliary verbs.be am
21、are was has had does shall can mustam m:When am I leaving?What am I thinking?What am I going to say?Which am I going to choose?are:You are the best one.When are they leaving?What are you going to do?These books are suitable to the youth.Weak FormExercises5.Listen to the recording,read the following
22、sentences,paying attention to the weakforms of auxiliary verbs.be am are was has had does shall can mustwas wz:He was selfish.She was a very kind girl.It was very hot here in summer.She was crying when we came in.has hz:My watch has stopped.He has gone to the city.He has already gone home.The chair
23、has been moved away.Weak FormExercises5.Listen to the recording,read the following sentences,paying attention to the weakforms of auxiliary verbs.be am are was has had does shall can musthad hd,d,d:My mobile phone had gone.Her child had been taken away.We had been here for a long time.You had better
24、 come here as early as possible.does dz:When does the bus start?Where does he come from?What does she do for a living?How much money does she get?Weak FormExercises5.Listen to the recording,read the following sentences,paying attention to the weakforms of auxiliary verbs.be am are was has had does s
25、hall can mustshall l:Who shall I say Ive been with?What shall I buy for her birthday?Shall I talk to her after the meeting?Where shall we meet the day after tomorrow?can kn:I can do many things.Can you give me some help?She can go there together with me.Can you tell me where she is now?Weak FormExer
26、cises5.Listen to the recording,read the following sentences,paying attention to the weakforms of auxiliary verbs.be am are was has had does shall can mustmust mst,ms:I must go now.You must trust her.You must tell me everything.You must arrive here at 8:00 am tomorrow morning.Weak FormExercises6.List
27、en to the recording,imitate the following dialogues,and pay attention to the weak form words in the dialogues.A:Have you ever experienced an unforgettable event?B:Yes,I have,thats one of the most wonderful memories in my life.A:What did you experience?B:I witnessed that Chinese national football tea
28、m got the qualification for the 2002 world cup on October 13,2001.A:What did you see?B:Because my home is very close to the Tiananmen Square.I saw everybody was celebrating happily and excitedly.There were cheers and shouts in the streets.A:Did you join the crowds?B:Of course.I walked on the streets
29、 with my family for a while.The traffic was terrible.The streets looked like a parking lot and people cant move at all.But it seemed that nobody care it at all because they were all losing themselves in the excitement and enjoyment that our football team brought us.A:Sounds really awesome.B:Yes,it d
30、efinitely is.A:I hope Chinese football team could give us that feeling again in the future.B:I hope so,too.Weak FormExercises6.Listen to the recording,imitate the following dialogues,and pay attention to the weak form words in the dialogues.A:Ive been told you might have a vacant room.B:Yes.I have a
31、 spare room.A:How much are you asking？B:$10 a night.A:Could I see the room,please？B:Sure.Come on in.Weak FormExercises7.Listen to the following tongue twisters,and pay attention to the weak form words in them.(1)A big black bear sat on a big black bug.(2)A big black bug bit a big black bear and made
32、 the big black bear bleed blood.(3)A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!(4)A loyal warrior will rarely worry why we rule.(5)A noise annoys an oyster,but a noisy noise annoys an oyster more!(6)She sells sea shells on the seashore.The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure.
33、(7)The batter with the butter is the batter that is better!(8)The great Greek grape growers grow great Greek grapes.(9)The soldiers shoulder surely hurts!(10)There those thousand thinkers were thinking how the other three thieves went through.Weak FormExercises8.Listen to the following nursery rhyme
34、,and pay attention to the weak form words in it.Hush Little BabyHush,little baby,dont say a word,Mamas gonna buy you a mockingbird.And if that mockingbird dont sing,Mamas gonna buy you a diamond ring.And if that diamond ring turns brass,Mamas gonna buy you a looking glass.And if that looking glass g
35、ets broken,Mamas gonna buy you a billy goat.And if that billy goat wont pull,Mamas gonna buy you a cart and bull.And if that cart and bull turn over,Mamas gonna buy you a dog named Rover.And if that dog named Rover wont bark,Mamas going to buy you a horse and cart.And if that horse and cart fall down,Youll be the sweetest little baby in town.
