1、专题01 短文改错高频考点TOP 1 时态考点一 一般现在时和一般过去时的误用1. 在英语语法中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。1) 一般现在时，是一种语法形式。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的动作或状态，或者动作有时间规律发生的事件的一种时间状态。2) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。在英语语法中。 【点津】两种时态在短文改错中的混用主要体现在，1）某篇文章讲述的是过去的故事（过去时），一般现在时经常混在其中；2）某篇文章是事理型的（现在时），一般过去时经常混在其中；3）或者是夹叙夹议型的文章中需要注意两种时态的使用。【例
2、题1】事实陈述型My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sur
3、e that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.【答案】My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live.Though not very big， the restaurant is popul
4、ar in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is .来源:163文库Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables high quality oil are for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in short period
5、of time.Instead，he hopes that business will grow .【例题2】夹叙夹议型Our teachers and friends are important for us. I had such a experience when I was in junior school. I was doing bad in maths at that time. However hard I tried, I just couldnt catch up on others. I almost lost heart when we had a new maths
6、teacher, Mr. Hu. Now and then he talk with me, telling me the ways to learn maths and encourage me to keep on trying. Only then do I realize that I was not studying maths in scientific way. With his help, I was doing a little better gradual. One year later, I made amazed progress.I am always gratefu
7、l to Mr Hu, without whom I would never have been adopted the proper approach to learning maths.【答案】Our teachers and friends are important for us. I had such experience when I was in junior school. I was doing in maths at that time.However hard I tried，I just couldnt catch up others. I almost lost he
8、art when we had a new maths teacher，Mr Hu. Now and then he with me，telling me the ways to learn maths and me to keep on trying.Only then I realize that I was not studying maths in scientific way. With his help，I was doing a little better .One year later，I made progress.I am always grateful to Mr Hu，
9、without whom I would never have adopted the proper approach to learning maths.【例题3】讲述故事型（全国卷）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and anoth
10、er animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond, which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by
11、sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.【答案】1.countryside前加the 2.find改为found3.another改为other 4.here改为there5.chicken改为chickens 6.which前面加in 或者which改为where7.sell改为selling 8.happily改
12、为happy来源:学。科。网9.return后面去掉for 10.but改为and考点二 现在完成时的误用1）一般过去时表示事件在说话人关心的一个过去时间发生并结束，或者一个状态在说话人关心的过去时间存在着。通常需要确切的时间状语来表示出这个过去时间，除非语境使听话人能够判断出这个时间。2）现在完成时表示一个事件在说话时之前已经发生过了，但说话人并不关心事件发生的时间，而是关心现在，因此排斥过去时间状语。或者表示一个状态从过去持续到现在，强调状态的持续。通常需要状语表示出这段时间。【点津】1. 现在完成时和“现在”相关，有时习惯和一般过去时或者过去将来时混用；1) 现在完成时除可以和for，s
13、ince引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。【点津】现在完成时所用的时间状语都与“现在的时间”有交际，故不能和过去的时间连用，一般情况下，如有误用，且动词部分的过去分词和过去式一致，去掉have。Example: In 1898，Marie has found a new element.2) 下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)一段时间since从句This(That/It) is the
14、first(second.) time that现在完成时This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting.that现在完成时考点三 过去完成时的使用（有语境；有先后）1）常用过去完成时的几种情况。在by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station. 【点津】过去完成
15、时习惯出现的问题有两方面：1）现在完成时和过去完成时的误用，主要在have，had这两个助动词上互改；2）在文章的存在的前提是要出现一般过去时，否则无法表示“过去的过去”，此所谓有语境、有先后，此时一般采用添加助动词had的方法；2）“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.3）在hardly/scarcely.when.，no soone
16、r than.句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一就”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.4）在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had) left the room，the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.【例题4】It is es
17、sential to take an useful summer vacation after the exam. There are many kinds of activity for us to take part. First, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family. Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be excited. Third, w
18、e should take more exercise to keep healthy. Whats more, wed better to review what we had learned at school. Finally, it is necessary of us to do some housework, that can help our parents a lot. Above all, I hope all of us can have a pleasant vacation.【答案】It is essential to take useful summer vacati
19、on after the exam. There are many kinds of for us to take part . First, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a time with our family. Second, seeing a film, listening to music or out with our friends will also be . Third, we should take more exercise to keep healthy. Whats more, wed better
20、 review what we learned at school. Finally, it is necessary us to do some housework, can help our parents a lot.Above all, I hope all of us can have a pleasant vacation.【例题5】One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waited for the food I had ordered. Suddenly I noticed a man
21、sitting at table near the window kept glancing at my direction. Finally he got away and went into the kitchen. When he came out, he paid his bill and left. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man wanted. He told me that the man was a detective (侦探). She thought I was the man he w
22、as looking for, because he came into the kitchen to check for it. Since everybody knew me, the staff told him that he had made a mistake. Its really luck I came to a restaurant that I am known.【答案】One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant， for the food I had ordered. Suddenly
23、I noticed a man sitting at table near the window kept glancing my direction.Finally he got and went into the kitchen. When he came out，he paid his bill and left. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man wanted. He told me that the man was a detective (侦探). thought I was the man he
24、 was looking for， he came into the kitchen to check it. Since everybody knew me，the staff told him that he had made a mistake. Its really I came to a restaurant I am known.【题组6】1. We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop【答案】stop改为stopped【解析】主句的部分是过去进行时were driving，从句应该使用相应的过去时。2. and ha
25、d returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car.【答案】is 改为 was【解析】根据语境文章使用的是过去时，所以应该使用相应的过去时。3. Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the【答案】hurry 改为 hurried【解析】根据last Sunday，hurry应该使用相应的过去时。4. Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in t
26、he past. 【答案】第二个is 改为 was【解析】根据in the past，than引导的状语从句部分应该使用过去时。5. Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases.【答案】had 改为 have【解析】根据语境可知，科学家和的医生已经研究如何去解决疾病，应该使用相应的现在时，故把had改为have。6. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. 【答案】cost 改为 costs【解析】根据语境，应该使
27、用一般现在时，且需要注意单数第三人称。7. If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. 【答案】去掉 will【解析】if引导的时间状语从句，时态要求是从句用一般现在时。8. I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. 【答案】is 改为 was【解析】根据语境文章使用的是过去时，
28、所以应该使用相应的过去时。9. They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. 【答案】have 改为 had【解析】根据语境文章使用的是过去时，所以应该使用相应的过去时。10. I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. 【答案】learn 改为learned【解析】根据语境文章使用的是过去时，所以应该使用相应的过去时。11. My favourite sport is football. I
29、was a member of our school football team. 【答案】was 改为 is【解析】根据语境文章使用的是现在时，所以应该使用相应的现在时。12. I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. 【答案】am 改为 was【解析】根据语境文章使用的是过去时，所以应该使用相应的过去时。13. Id like very much
30、to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very【答案】had 改为have【解析】根据语境文章使用的是现在时，所以应该使用相应的现在时。14.15. I remembered her words and calm down. 【答案】calm改为calmed【解析】根据语境文章使用的是过去时，所以应该使用相应的过去时。16. They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to 【答案】did 改为 d
31、o【解析】根据语境文章使用的是现在时，所以应该使用相应的现在时。17. We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. 【答案】treat改为 treated【解析】根据语境文章使用的是过去时，所以应该使用相应的过去时。18. On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.【答案】passes 改为 passed【解析】根据语境文章使用
32、的是过去时，所以应该使用相应的过去时。19. But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son.【答案】was 改为 is【解析】根据语境文章使用的是现在时，所以应该使用相应的现在时。20. At once I apologize and controlled myself at my best till the dinner started. 【答案】apologize改
33、为 apologized【解析】根据语境文章使用的是过去时，所以应该使用相应的过去时。21. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. 【答案】talked改为 talk【解析】根据语境文章使用的是现在时，所以应该使用相应的现在时。【2019全国卷II】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并
34、在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher becaus
35、e I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I
36、wanted to help people in need.【答案】jobjobscoollycoolfivefifthtoovery/sochemistry后面加上in/atorandTheyThereamazingamazed去掉moreiswas【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从小到大自己的职业梦想随着求学经历不断改变的过程。【详解】1. 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。2. 考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作
37、表语。故将coolly改为cool。3. 考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。4. 考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太以至于不能”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。5. 考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。6. 考查连词。句意：在
38、高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。 “重新考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。7. 考查there be句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。故将they改为there。8. 考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕）”形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I，句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。9. 考
39、查形容词比较级。句中better为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more不能与berrer连用。故将more去掉。10. 考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。【2019全国卷III】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下
40、面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special
41、one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like Tang Dynasty. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a
42、different theme and an unique style.【答案】opensopenrequiredrequiresordinarilyordinarycafe后面加上to去掉likeyourselvesthemselveswhatthat/whichmanagemanagingcitycitiesana【解析】【详解】1. 本句考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。2. 本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required改为 requires。3. 本句考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe，应用形容词。ordinari
43、ly 是副词。故把 ordinarily改为 ordinary。4. 本句考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。5. 本句考查介词的用法。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。6. 本句考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。7. 本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。8. 本句考查动词的固定搭配。succeed in doing someth
44、ing“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改为managing。9. 本句考查名词的用法。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。10. 本句考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，前用a。故把an改为a。【2018全国卷I】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下
45、面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went
46、here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to retur
47、n for every two years, but he agreed. 【答案】 I went to countryside的to后面加the;I find a big change there的find改为found; and another animals的another改为other; I went here again的here改为there； dozens of chicken的chicken改为chickens; They also had a small pond which they raised fish.的which前面加in或者将which改为where; by sell the fish的sell改为selling; I felt happily的happily改为happy; I planned to return for every two years的for去掉； but he agreed的but改为and. ！
