1、小课程小课程【模仿朗读模仿朗读】原创者:原创者:SandieSandie老师老师 修改者、讲解者:修改者、讲解者:Ken/StephenKen/Stephen学生学生http:/http:/ 朗读朗读技巧技巧朗读技巧一:连读 在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。【教案教案】http:/http:/ 连读连读以下几种情况常要连读:1.(词末)辅音+(词首)元音【教案教案】以下几种情况常要连读:
2、2.(词末)r/re+(词首)元音【教案教案】以下几种情况常要连读:3.(词末)辅音+(词首)半元音【教案教案】英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音(特别是/j/)开头,此时也要连读。【教案教案】http:/http:/ 非非/重读重读朗读技巧二:重读与非重读一般规则:实词重读,虚词不重读。【教案教案】(1)名词、动词、数词、形容词、副词是实词,一般要重读。(2)冠词、介词、连词、助动词是虚词,一般不重读。(3)大多数代词不重读,但指示代词和疑问代词要重读。例如:例如:Janet has gone to school.【教案教案】He is a ta
3、ll young man with blue eyes.Who came to see me this evening?注意:在某些情况下,不重读的虚词也可以重读。【教案教案】(1)要特别强调的虚词;(2)助动词及be动词置句首、否定式以及在作简略回答时;(3)介词(to除外)在句尾Would you like a glass of beer?【教案教案】What is he waiting for?Who is coming?I am.朗读技巧四:语调http:/http:/ 基本基本语调语调基本语调:升调(升调()【教案教案】降调(降调()升降调(升降调()降升调(降升调()平调(平调()
4、http:/http:/ 语调语调用法用法语调的用法:1.升调【教案教案】主要用于一般疑问句,带有疑问语气;也可用于祈使句,表示委婉、客气;或用于陈述句,表示疑问,不肯定或不耐烦等。【教案教案】语调的用法:2.降调【教案教案】只要用于陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句(表命令)、感叹句。【教案教案】语调的用法:3.前升后降调【教案教案】(1)选择疑问句。【教案教案】(2)以状语或状语从句开头的句子。(3)计数或列举。【教案教案】以 and 相连的几个并列的词或短语,and 前面的都读升调,其后的读降调。语调的用法:4.前降后升【教案教案】只要用于带有疑问语气的反意问句。语调的用法:4.前降后升【教案教
5、案】如果反意疑问句中,疑问的成分很少,则用降降调。http:/http:/ 模仿模仿朗读朗读【教案教案】模仿朗读(1)You speak English,dont you?(2)Shes got a stomachache,a sore throat,and a temperature.3)Do you prefer to take a walk or stay at home?【教案教案】模仿朗读(4)When they were twenty three,they both got married and a year later both had sons.http:/http:/ 意群
6、意群停顿停顿朗读技巧五:意群停顿 在朗读长句子的时候,要使朗读流畅、自然,常常需要停顿。但停顿不是随意的,只能在意群之间进行。句子可以按照它的意思和语法结构分成小段,这样的小段就叫意群。意群可以是一个词,一个短语,也可以是并列句中的一个分句或复合句中的一个主、从句等。【教案教案】【教案教案】如下面的句子可以这样划分意群:(1)Tonny only walks a few steps/from his office/to the place/where his wife works.【教案教案】如下面的句子可以这样划分意群:(2)When I leave Beijing I will leave
7、 with very fond memories of the city and its people and with an increased knowledge of China.Practice makes perfect!【熟能生巧!熟能生巧!】原创者:原创者:SandieSandie老师老师 修改者、讲解者:修改者、讲解者:Ken/StephenKen/Stephen学生学生小课程小课程【模仿朗读模仿朗读】原创者:原创者:MagrockMagrock老老师师 修改者、讲解者:修改者、讲解者:Ken/StephenKen/Stephen学生学生http:/http:/ 轻松轻松一刻一
8、刻比较:比较:What s Up?()What s Up?()What s Up?()=Whats the matter(with you)?=Whats wrong(with you)?你怎么啦?你怎么啦?附录学案http:/http:/ 简单简单句句简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型(1)主语)主语+不及物动词不及物动词(S+V)Everybody smiled.(2)主语)主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语(S+V+O)He knows everything.(3)主语)主语+系动词系动词+表语表语(S+V+P)附录 学案(4)主语)主语+及物动词及物动词+双宾语双宾语(S+V+O+
9、O)I showed him my passport.(5)主语)主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+V+O+C)You made me angry.The boy looks healthy.附录 学案小课程小课程【模仿朗读模仿朗读】原创者:原创者:PennyPenny老师老师 修改者、讲解者:修改者、讲解者:Ken/StephenKen/Stephen学生学生扩扩展展扩扩展展http:/http:/ 冠词冠词1、定冠词的基本用法:表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:I have bought a book.The book is very useful.用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的
10、人或事物。如:Close the window,please.1、定冠词的基本用法:用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun,the moon,the earth,the world等。用于表示方位的名词之前。如:the east,the right.1、定冠词的基本用法:用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:the first,the tallest.用于形容词之前,使其名词化。如:the sick,the wounded.1、定冠词的基本用法:用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the United States,the United Nation.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群
11、岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River,the East Lake.1、定冠词的基本用法:用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths 用于乐器的名词前。如:play the piano;play the violin.1、定冠词的基本用法:年代名词前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.固定词组中。如:in the morning(afternoon,evening),on the other hand,at the same time2、不定冠词的基本用法:泛指一个。如:There is
12、a book on the table.指人或事物的某一种类。如:His father is a driver.如:Longjing is a wonderful tea.2、不定冠词的基本用法:指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:We have meals three times a day.(我们一天吃三餐。)2、不定冠词的基本用法:表示同样的。如:They are of an age.(他们是同岁。)表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。如:Th
13、ere is a pen and two books on the desk.2、不定冠词的基本用法:使抽象名词具体化。如:The little girl is a hand to her mother.(a hand译“帮手”)固定搭配。如:as a matter of fact,in a hurry,in a word 3、不用冠词的情况:表示总称的复数名词之前。如:Children love cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。)不含普通名词的专有名词前。如:We are studying English.3、不用冠词的情况:名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:
14、I like this picture;I do not have any money.如:As time went on,Einsteins theory proved to be correct.3、不用冠词的情况:季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:She likes spring most.三餐饭前不用冠词。如:What did you have for lunch?3、不用冠词的情况:节假日前不用冠词。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如:She is fond of play
15、ing basketball.3、不用冠词的情况:在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如:arm in arm(手挽手);hand in hand(手牵手);side by side(肩对肩);day and day(日日夜夜);young and old(老老少少);from door to door(挨门挨户);from beginning to end(从头到尾);from morning till night(从早到晚)等。3、不用冠词的情况:节假日前不用冠词。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠
16、词。如:She is fond of playing basketball.http:/http:/ 代词代词1.人称代词(主格/宾格)2.物主代词(形容词性/名词性物主代词)3.指示代词(such,this,those)4.相互代词(each other,one another)5.反身代词6.不定代词(either,each,other,none,anything)7.it的用法1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等2.指代前面所提到过的事物、想法、性别被认为不重要的人或动物,也可指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况等3.It 可以作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或
17、宾语由不定式、动名词、从句等充当。7.it的用法如:It is kind of you to do me a favor.如:I think it necessary that we have the meeting.4.有关it的固定结构如:It was here that I first met him.如:I would appreciate it if you could help me.http:/http:/ 连词连词1.并列连词 常用的并列连词有:and,as well as,both and,not only but also,not but(不是而是),neither nor
18、,either or,or,but,yet,for,so,while,when等。2.从属连词 引导时间状语从句的:after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,as soon as 引导原因状语从句的:because,since,as引导让步状语从句的:although,though,no matter(无论),even if(though)引导条件状语从句的:if,unless,once,so(as)long as 2.从属连词 引导结果状语从句的:so that,such that 引导目的状语从句的:so that,in order that
19、引导比较状语从句的:as as,not so(as)as,than 引导方式状语从句的:as if 2.从属连词 引导 主语,宾语或表语从句 的连词主要有:that,whether,if三个。其中that和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。http:/http:/ 主谓主谓一致一致1.语法一致原则2.逻辑意义一致原则3.就近一致原则 主谓一致1.语法一致原则语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:To study English well i
20、s not easy.如:What he said is very important for us all.1.语法一致原则由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用 单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books.如:What I say and do is(are)helpful to you.1.语法一致原则2、由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:The writer and artist has co
21、me.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。1.语法一致原则如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every more than a(an),many a(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:No boy and no girl likes it.1.语法一致原则3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,together with,except,but,like,as well as,rather than,more than,no
22、 less than,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr Green,together with his wife and children,has come to China.1.语法一致原则如:Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.如:She,like you and Tom,is very tall.1.语法一致原则4、either,neither,each,every 或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:
23、Each of us has a new book.如:Everything around us is matter.1.语法一致原则5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard.如:He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.1.语法一致原则6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,
24、committee,population,audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor.如:Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.1.语法一致原则people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.7、由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,the rest of,the majority of+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中
25、后面名词的数而定。1.语法一致原则如:The rest of the lecture is wonderful.如:50%of the students in our class are girls.8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致如:On the wall are many pictures.如:Such is the result.2.逻辑一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。如:Which is your bag?1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数
26、,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。2.逻辑一致原则如:Which are your bags?2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.2.逻辑一致原则3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复
27、数)。2.逻辑一致原则如:One and a half apples is(are)left on the table.5、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses are broken.如:The pair of shoes under the bed is his.2.逻辑一致原则6、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。2.就近一致原则在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。如:Either the te
28、acher or the students are our friends.1、当两个主语由either or,neither nor,whether or,not only but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。2.就近一致原则如:Neither they nor he is wholly right.如:Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引导的句子用法同上。No pain,no gain【一分耕耘,一分收获一分耕耘,一分收获】原创者:原创者:PennyPenny老师老师 修改者、讲解者:修改者、讲解者:Ken/StephenKen/Stephen学生学生