1、模 块 二语语 篇篇 能能 力力专题一阅读理解专题一阅读理解第第3讲词义猜测题讲词义猜测题1 高频考点研析透研析透2 模拟精练巧押题巧押题返回导航高频考点研析透研析透返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题考点1词义猜测题词义猜测题是基本上每年必考的阅读理解题型。词义判断是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速判断所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题词义猜测题的命题方式有：(1)The underlined word“.”in P
2、aragraph.is closest in meaning to .(2)What does the underlined word“.”probably mean?(3)The underlined word“.”could best be replaced by“”(4)Which of the following words can take the place of the word“.”？(5)By saying“.”，the author means .(6)“.”used in the passage can best be defined as .返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语
3、模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题1根据定义、释义或同位语猜测词义(1)科技说明文等文章中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。(2)需要猜测的单词或短语后面有时会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。(3)文章下文中常以某种特定方式对前文进行解释，如利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely等词语。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题(4)用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。例如：Taylors swift action helped her team
4、mates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device(器械)that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Pariss heartbeat returned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语“an electronic device(器械)that can shock the heart back int
5、o work”(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题2根据构词法猜测英语中通过词根加词缀或合成两个单词的方式可以构成新词。因此，掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。例如：A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；
6、担忧”之意。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题3根据因果关系进行猜测在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有because，so，thus，therefore，as a result of，since，so that，so/such.that.等。例如：My son could not follow the teachers directions，he told me，and thus，Scola was disrupting the class.Didnt he kn
7、ow my son did not speak English yet?返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题试题：What does the underlined word“disrupting”probably mean?ABreaking.BFollowing.CAttending.DDisturbing.分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus，由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子斯科拉干扰了课堂”，故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题4根据同义或近义关系进行
8、猜测在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，or，like，as well，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other insti
9、tutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题试题：What does the underlined word“contributions”refer to?AArtworks.BProjects.CDonations.DDocuments.分析：画线单词contributions前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜测。and前面提到了“the fine selection of the major works”(精选的重要作品)，后面说contrib
10、utions来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出contributions应该属于works的范畴，同时文中明确表示contributions是来自museum的。故选A项。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题5根据转折、对比或反义关系进行猜测有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead(of)，on the other hand，rather than，on the contrary等。例如：In the eveni
11、ng，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题试题：What does the underlined word“sedate”pr
12、obably mean?AWild and romantic.BSlow and peaceful.CHungry and thirsty.DActive and excited.分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们 ，但是在一天的这个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻。”由though可知，前后两句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的“at a more relaxed and unhurried pace”可知，应选B项，sedate意为“不慌不忙的”。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题6根据上下文进行推测有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景
13、和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。例如：真题体验典例2中的25题。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题一、(2020全国C)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list，fur probably didnt cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the mar
14、ket for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠)返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”，
15、says Cree McCree，project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters MYM5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farm
16、ers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(物种)Its destroying the environment.Its them or us.”says Michael Massimi，an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-siz
17、ed animals multiplied like crazy.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green，but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year，so part of Moutons
18、job these days is trying to promote fur.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion.Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing，at least here in New Y
19、ork.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.Shes trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办
20、了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题28What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?ATo promote guilt-free fur.BTo expand the fashion market.CTo introduce a new brand.DTo celebrate a winter holiday.【答案】A 返回导航高考
21、二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，says Cree McCree，project
22、director of Righteous Fur.”得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题29Why are scientists concerned about nutria?ANutria damage the ecosystem seriously.BNutria are an
23、 endangered species.CNutria hurt local cat-sized animals.DNutria are illegally hunted.【答案】A返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters MYM5 a tail.”得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡。故选A。返回导航高考二轮总复习
24、英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题30What does the underlined word“collapsed”in paragraph 5 probably mean?ABoomed.BBecame mature.CRemained stable.DCrashed.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第五段可知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和
25、D.Crashed(倒闭的)意思最相近。故选D。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题31What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?AIts formal.BIts risky.CIts harmful.DIts traditional.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing
26、 paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing，at least in New York.”得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题二、(2019全国，B)For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaez
27、s turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should.should.”Chris trips on the“-ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native E
28、nglish speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“.Vote for.me.”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants，Chris started learning English a lit
29、tle over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mis
30、takes.“It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to
31、raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题“Boasting about yourself，and your b
32、est qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师托马斯沃利通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题24What made Chris nervous?ATelling a story.BMaking a speech.CTaking a test.DAnswering a question.【答案】B【解析】细节理解
33、题。根据第一段中的“today is speech day.Chris Palaezs turn”和第二段中的“But hes nervous.”可知，克里斯在进行竞选演说时感到非常紧张。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题25What does the underlined word“stumbles”in Paragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses.BBad manners.CSpelling mistakes.DSilly jokes.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。文中克里斯帕
34、莱兹的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时非常紧张，所以说话磕磕绊绊。因此选A。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题26We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to .Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their future jobsDinspire students love for politics【答案】A返回导航高考
35、二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.”和最后一段的内容可知，老师让学生参加竞选演说不仅仅是让学生们学会在公开场合演说，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题27Which of the follow
36、ing best describes Whaley as a teacher?AHumorous.BAmbitious.CCaring.DDemanding.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，当克里斯帕莱兹发表竞选演说遇到问题时，老师耳语为他提示。文章最后两段解释了老师举办这项活动的初衷，我们可以判断这个老师是关心他人的人。因此选C。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题考点2替代词指代题判断替代词的指代内容，要求考生判断代词(it，one，they，this，that，these，those，which等)或代动词(do，does，did等)具体替代什么。
37、返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题1代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。2代动词do，does，did一般用来替代前文中出现的一个动词短语，以避免重复。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题3设问形式常有：(1)What does the underlined word“this/it/them/which.”refer to?(2)The underlined part“it/that/they/which.”in Paragraph.r
38、efers to“”(3)What does the underlined word“do/does/did”in Paragraph.mean/refer to?返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题判定指代三步法第一步：确定代词在文中所指代的内容。弄清代词指代的是前文中的人、物还是一件事，要用单数还是复数。第二步：掌握代词的含义、用法。(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。
39、返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题体验】中第21题。由标题My Favourite Books以及第一段内容可知，文章是以Jo Usmar的口吻进行写作的。故C选项正确。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题(2019全国卷，A)My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book
40、 Will series(系列)of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald Dahl返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matildas battles with her cruel parents an
41、d the bossy headmistress，Miss Trunchbull，are equally funny and frightening，but theyre also aspirational.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题After DarkHaruki Murakami Its about two sistersEri，a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping，and Mari，a young student.In trying to connect to her sister，Mari start
42、s changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hiding secrets.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did，but the horror story is brilliant.Theres tension and anxiety from the be
43、ginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyable.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.After a serious flu outbreak wipes
44、 out 99.4%of the worlds population，a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Jo Usmar最喜欢的四本书。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题21Who does“I”refer to in the text?AStephen King.BGillian Flynn.CJo Usmar.DRoald Dahl.【答案】C【
45、解析】代词指代题。由标题My Favourite Books以及第一段内容可知，文章是以Jo Usmar的口吻进行写作的。故选C。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题22Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?ACosmopolitan.BMatilda.CAfter Dark.DThe Stand.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据After Dark部分中的第一句“Its about two sistersEri，a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping，and Mari，a young student.”可知答案为C。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第3讲词义猜测题23What kind of book is Gone Girl？AA folk tale.BA biography.CA love story.DA horror story.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Gone Girl部分中的“.the horror story is brilliant.”可知答案为D。
