1、如何分析范进中举中的人物描写 南京市秦淮外国语学校 沈虹人物描写人物描写:正面描写 侧面描写正面描写:外貌描写 语言描写 动作描写 心理描写人物描写的目的:刻画人物性格，表现文章的中心。分析人物描写:将锁在人物描写文字中的人物的心理、性格乃至文章的主题解析出来。范进中举之前：（1）对胡屠户的教训，他“唯唯连声”，还说“岳父见教的是。”（语言描写）（2）为参加乡试去借盘缠，又被胡屠户“一口啐在脸上，骂了一个狗血喷头”，他的表现只是“摸门不着”。（行动描写、心理描写）中举之前性格：已习惯于对人低三下四，对来自周围 的轻蔑、嘲笑甚至侮辱都默默承受，不敢有丝毫反抗，卑怯屈辱到了极点。成因：这种性格其实
2、是在三十多年场屋困顿的生涯中形成的。三十多年来，他怀着对功名的热切期望不断地应试，又不断地失败，除了周围人们的轻蔑和嘲弄外，他什么也没有得到。因此他的性格才会被如此地扭曲。中举之时（1）范进抱着鸡，手里插个草标，一步一踱的，东张西望，在那里寻人买。（动作描写）（2）范进道是哄他，只装不听见，低着头往前走。（动作描写）（3）范进不看便罢，看了一遍，又念一遍，自己把两手拍了一下，笑了一声，道：“噫!好了!我中了!”说着，往后一交跌倒，牙关咬紧，不省人事。他爬将起来，又拍着手大笑道：“噫!好!我中了!”笑着，不由分说，就往门外飞跑，走出大门不多路，一脚踹在塘里，挣起来，头发都跌散了，两手黄泥，淋淋漓
3、漓一身的水。众人拉他不住，拍着笑着，一直走到集上去了。（语言描写、动作描写）第（1）句描写，写出了范进未中举时穷困潦倒的程度，说明科考已让他家徒四壁。第（2）句描写，写出了范进不敢相信自己中举的心理，这曲折地反映了他自20岁开始应考以来一连串的失败在心头留下的沉重的屈辱感。第（3）句是小说高潮部分的描写，反复写范进拍手、大笑，且口中反复说着：“噫!好!我中了!”活画出了他神魂颠倒、亦痴亦狂的丑态。原因：科举考试对读书人的心灵造成了巨大的摧残，摧残到人不像人的样子，摧残到丧失了人格的地步！典型意义：通过范进这一典型形象的刻画，小说对于科举制度的批判入木三分。中举之后 （1）范进道：“晚生久仰老先
4、生，只是无缘，不曾拜会。”（语言描写）（2）范进道：“晚生侥幸，实是有愧。却幸得出老先生门下，可为欣喜。”（语言描写）（3）“方才费老爹的心，拿了五千钱来。这六两多银子，老爹拿了去。”（语言描写）性格：世故圆滑 范进形象范进是一个被科举制度扭曲了灵魂的读书人的形象。胡屠户 范进中举前：骂范进是“现世宝”“烂忠厚没用的人”“癞虾蟆想 吃起天鹅肉”等（语言描写）范进中举后：（1）称范进是“贤婿老爷”“天上的星宿”等。（语言描写）（2）胡屠户连喝两碗酒壮胆，颤着手“打”了范进一下。范进醒来，胡屠户竟“不觉那只手隐隐的疼将起来”，而且“巴掌仰着，再也弯不过来”。（动作细节描写）（3）屠户见女婿衣裳后襟
5、滚皱了许多，一路低着头替他扯了几十回。（动作细节描写）胡屠户形象 胡屠户是一个嫌贫爱富、趋炎附势的市侩。嫌贫爱富、趋炎附势是当时整个社会的共同心理。可见，科举制度已毒化了整个社会风气。儒林外史是投向科举制度的一把匕首！CT0hxO*csJ#6nEV1izQ(duL!8pFW3kAR-fvM%aqHY4lCT+gxO&bsJZ6nDU1iyP(dtK!7oFW2jAR)evM$9qGX4lBS+gwN&brIZ5mDU0hyP*ctK#7oEV2jzQ)euL$8pGX3kBS-fwN%arHY5mCT0hxO*csJ#6nEV1izQ(duL!8pFW3kAR-fvM%9qHY4lCT+gxO
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