1、英 语Section Discovering Useful Structures词汇认知词汇认知汉译英汉译英1.charge n.收费收费;指控指控;主管主管v.收费收费;控告控告;充电充电 2.amount n.金额金额;数量数量 3.gallery n.(艺术作品的艺术作品的)展览馆展览馆;画廊画廊 4.approach n.方法方法;途径途径;接近接近vt.接近接近;接洽接洽;着手处理着手处理vi.靠近靠近 5.ensure vt.保证保证;确保确保;担保担保 6.landscape n.(陆上陆上,尤指乡村的尤指乡村的)风景风景 7.generous adj.慷慨的慷慨的;大方的大方的
2、;丰富的丰富的 8.butter n.黄油黄油;奶油奶油vt.涂黄油于涂黄油于 9.honey n.蜂蜜蜂蜜 10.ancestor n.祖宗祖宗;祖先祖先 11.position n.位置位置;姿态姿态;职位职位 词汇拓展词汇拓展12.announce vt.宣布宣布;通知通知;声称声称announcement n.(一项一项)公告公告;布告布告announcer n.(广播、电视的广播、电视的)广播员广播员;播音播音员员 语法图解语法图解过去分词的用法过去分词的用法(1)探究发现探究发现阅读下列句子阅读下列句子,注意句中的画线部分注意句中的画线部分1.Most people just us
3、e the shortened name:“the United Kingdom”or“the UK”.2.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.3.They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.4.Yes,you got it well remembered!在前两个例句中在前两个例句中,过去分词过去分词shorte
4、ned和过去分词短语和过去分词短语known as the Union Jack在句中做在句中做定定语语;而在后两个例句中而在后两个例句中,过过去分词去分词built和和remembered分别在句中做分别在句中做宾语补足宾语补足语语,起起着对宾语进行补充说明的作用。着对宾语进行补充说明的作用。词汇精讲词汇精讲1.【教材原文】【教材原文】Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.(Page 42
5、)朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场,在在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。考点考点charge n.收费用收费用;指控指控;主管主管vt.收费收费;控告控告;充电充电charge.for.索价索价;要价要价charge sb with(doing)sth指控某人指控某人(做做)某事某事in charge(of)负责负责;主管主管in the charge of sb由某人负责由某人负责take charge of负责负责;主管主管free of charge免费免费语境领悟语境领悟(1)He charged
6、me five yuan for repairing my bike.他修我的自行车收费五元钱。他修我的自行车收费五元钱。(2)She was charged with parking against rules.她被指控违规停车。她被指控违规停车。(3)Class Five is in the charge of Miss Li;that is to say,Miss Li is in charge of Class Five.五班由李老师负责五班由李老师负责;也就是说也就是说,李老师负责五班。李老师负责五班。(4)He took charge of the farm after his f
7、athers death.父亲去世后他掌管了这个农场。父亲去世后他掌管了这个农场。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.(2)He was charged with murder.(3)I will take charge of the class while Miss Green is on leave.一句多译一句多译(4)当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。The company is in Toms charge when the boss is
8、 away.The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away.Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.2.【教材原文】【教材原文】We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.(Page 42)我们发现自己对国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪声感到我们发现
9、自己对国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪声感到非常惊讶。非常惊讶。考点考点amount n.金额金额;数量数量vi.总计总计;合计合计(1)“a large amount of+不可数名词不可数名词”做主语时做主语时,谓语动词用单谓语动词用单数。数。“large amounts of+不可数名词不可数名词”做主语时做主语时,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。(2)amount to sth 总计总计;共计共计语境领悟语境领悟(1)It will take us a large amount of money and time to finish the work.完成这项工作要花费我们大量的时间和金
10、钱。完成这项工作要花费我们大量的时间和金钱。(2)A large amount of damage was done in a short time.短期内造成了大量损失。短期内造成了大量损失。(3)The cost amounts to 10,000 dollars.成本总计为成本总计为1万美元。万美元。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)The number of the injured amounted to over one hundred.(2)Large amounts of money were(be)spent on the bridge.单句改错单句改错(3)A l
11、arge amount of money were spent on the bridge.werewas(4)The total cost of repairs amounted 100 dollars.在在amounted后加后加to 3.【教材原文】【教材原文】It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.(Page 42)周围有那么多人周围有那么多人,很难接近那幅画很难接近那幅画。考点考点approach vt.接近接近;接洽接洽;着手处理着手处理vi.靠近靠近n.方法方法;途径途径;接
12、近接近;道路道路approach to 接近接近;近似近似,约等于约等于;(做某事做某事)的方法的方法(途径途径)at the approach of.在在接近的时候接近的时候make approaches to sb设法接近某人设法接近某人the approach to(doing)sth 的方法的方法语境领悟语境领悟(1)The time for graduation is approaching.毕业的日子即将来临。毕业的日子即将来临。(2)The approach of winter brings cold weather.冬天即将来临冬天即将来临,天气变得寒冷。天气变得寒冷。(3)T
13、he approach to the house was a narrow path.通往这房子的路是一条狭窄的小径。通往这房子的路是一条狭窄的小径。在在英语中英语中approach,way,means,method等词语在等词语在表达表达“(做做)某事的方法某事的方法”时的搭配不同时的搭配不同,分别是分别是:the approach to(doing)sththe way to do/of(doing)sththe means of(doing)sththe method of(doing)sth学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)I appreciate the professo
14、rs new approach to teaching(teach)languages.(2)At the meeting they discussed three different approaches(approach)to the study of mathematics.4.【教材原文】【教材原文】Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.(Page 42)卡尔和他的朋友们寄宿在一个慷慨的家庭中卡尔和
15、他的朋友们寄宿在一个慷慨的家庭中,这家人为他们这家人为他们提供自家制造的涂有黄油和蜂蜜的面包。提供自家制造的涂有黄油和蜂蜜的面包。考点考点generous adj.慷慨的慷慨的;大方的大方的;充足的充足的;宽宏大量的宽宏大量的be generous with sth 对待对待慷慨大方慷慨大方generously adv.慷慨地慷慨地;大方地大方地generosity n.慷慨慷慨;大方大方;宽宏大量宽宏大量语境领悟语境领悟(1)He is always generous with his time in helping others.他在帮助别人方面从不吝惜时间。他在帮助别人方面从不吝惜时间。
16、(2)The warm-hearted old man has been giving generously.这位热心肠的老人一直在慷慨施与。这位热心肠的老人一直在慷慨施与。(3)I am grateful for his generosity and kindness.我很感激他的慷慨和善良。我很感激他的慷慨和善良。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)He treated his employees with generosity(generous)and thoughtfulness.(2)My mother is a kind person and always generou
17、s with her money when any of our neighbours are in trouble.(3)Please contribute any clothes that you no longer need to those who are in need of them generously(generous).语法精析语法精析过去分词的用法过去分词的用法(1)一、过去分词做定语一、过去分词做定语1.含义含义(1)过去分词在多数情况下由及物动词充当过去分词在多数情况下由及物动词充当,含有被动或动含有被动或动作完成的意义。作完成的意义。All the needed to
18、ols will be fully supplied.所需的所有工具将会全部供应。所需的所有工具将会全部供应。(2)过去分词也可以由不及物动词充当。这种情况下的过去过去分词也可以由不及物动词充当。这种情况下的过去分词没有被动意义分词没有被动意义,只表示动作的完成。只表示动作的完成。The risen sun is so bright.升起的太阳如此耀眼。升起的太阳如此耀眼。2.位置位置过去分词做定语可以位于名词之前或名词之后。过去分词做定语可以位于名词之前或名词之后。(1)单个的过去分词做定语一般放在名词的前面。单个的过去分词做定语一般放在名词的前面。They are cleaning the
19、 fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在清扫院子里的落叶。他们正在清扫院子里的落叶。过去分词之前还可以有副词修饰。过去分词之前还可以有副词修饰。There are many beautifully decorated houses in this area.这个区域有许多装饰精美的房子。这个区域有许多装饰精美的房子。(2)如果是过去分词短语如果是过去分词短语,则通常放在名词后做后置定语。则通常放在名词后做后置定语。It is a house built by the Romans.它是一栋由古罗马人建造的房屋。它是一栋由古罗马人建造的房屋。过去分词短语做后置定语的作用相当
20、于定语从句过去分词短语做后置定语的作用相当于定语从句,如如:The meeting held yesterday is of great importance.=The meeting which was held yesterday is of great importance.昨天举行的会议非常重要。昨天举行的会议非常重要。动词动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式都可以做定语形式、过去分词和不定式都可以做定语,但用法不同但用法不同:动词动词-ing形式表示主动或进行的意义形式表示主动或进行的意义,过去分词表示被动或过去分词表示被动或完成的意义完成的意义,不定式表示动作尚未发生不定式表示动作尚
21、未发生。(1)You should adapt to the changing situation.你你应该适应不断变化的形势应该适应不断变化的形势。(2)The man standing over there is my father.站站在那边的那个人是我的父亲在那边的那个人是我的父亲。(3)Im looking for a room to live in.我我正在找房子住正在找房子住。二、过去分词做宾语补足语二、过去分词做宾语补足语1.过去分词用于感官动词过去分词用于感官动词feel,hear,listen to,have,make,let,see,notice,observe,watc
22、h等词之后做宾语补足语。等词之后做宾语补足语。When we got to school,we saw the door locked.当我们到达当我们到达学校时学校时,我们看见门锁着。我们看见门锁着。We can hear the windows knocked by the heavy rain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。2.过去分词用于使役动词过去分词用于使役动词have,make,get,leave,keep之后做之后做宾语补足语。宾语补足语。Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.少说多看。
23、少说多看。He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。他的钱被偷了。I had my bike broken on my way home.在我回家的路上在我回家的路上,我的自行车坏了。我的自行车坏了。3.过去分词用于表示过去分词用于表示“希望希望,愿望愿望,命令命令”等的词之后做宾语补等的词之后做宾语补足语足语,如如like,want,wish,expect,order,意为意为“希望希望/要求某人或某要求某人或某物被物被”。The teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。老
24、师不想此刻讨论这个问题。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。4.过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”这一结构中这一结构中,过去过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他的脸。眼睛注视着他的脸。过去过去分词与动词分词与动词-ing形式做宾语补足语的区别形式做宾语补足语的区别:在在“动词动词+宾语
25、宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构中结构中,如用过去分词做宾语补如用过去分词做宾语补足语足语,表示动作所处的状态且与宾语构成动宾关系表示动作所处的状态且与宾语构成动宾关系;用动词用动词-ing形式做宾语补足语表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成主谓形式做宾语补足语表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成主谓关系关系。I saw her coming into the classroom.我看见她正走进教室。我看见她正走进教室。(her和和come是逻辑上的主谓关系是逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示且表示“进来进来”这一动作正这一动作正在进行在进行)With the problem settled,he could fina
26、lly have a good sleep.问题得以解决问题得以解决,他终于可以好好睡一觉了。他终于可以好好睡一觉了。(problem和和settle之间是被动关系之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词做宾语补足语因此用过去分词做宾语补足语)即学即练即学即练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)This is the statue of a brave soldier seated(seat)on a horse,with a gun on his back.(2)Some of the people invited(invite)to the party cant come.句型转换句型转换(3)I enjoyed the music played by my friend yesterday.I enjoyed the music which was played by my friend yesterday.(4)Leaves which have fallen in the park must be swept away by the volunteers.Leaves fallen in the park must be swept away by the volunteers.
