1、Unit 21Human Biology 1circulate vi.循环循环circulation n.循环；传播，循环；传播，发行量发行量2digest vt.消化消化digestion n.消化消化3tolerate vt.容忍容忍tolerance n.忍受忍受，忍耐力；宽容忍耐力；宽容tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的宽容的；容忍的4fundamental adj.根本的根本的，基本的基本的fundamentally adv.根本上；基本上根本上；基本上5compulsory adj.强制性的强制性的，义务的义务的(反义词反义词)voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的自愿的
2、；志愿的6oppose vt.反对反对opposite adj.相反的相反的，反对的反对的opposition n.反方反方，对立面对立面7contradict vt.与与(其他事物其他事物)相矛盾相矛盾contradiction n.矛盾矛盾的说法；反驳的说法；反驳contradictory adj.矛盾的；抵触的矛盾的；抵触的8violate vt.违反违反，违背违背violation n.违反；侵害违反；侵害9treat vt.款待款待treatment n.治疗治疗10storage n.储存储存store vi.储存储存，存放存放11prohibit vt.禁止禁止prohibiti
3、on n.禁止；禁令禁止；禁令12thorough adj.彻底的；细致的彻底的；细致的(形近词形近词)through prep.穿过穿过，通过通过 13systematic adj.系统化的系统化的system n.系统系统14fortune n.大笔钱财；巨款大笔钱财；巨款fortunate adj.幸运的幸运的(反反义词义词)unfortunate adj.不幸的不幸的15concern n.担心担心，担忧担忧concern v.关心关心，涉及涉及，有关有关concerned adj.担心的担心的，关心的关心的，相关的相关的concerning prep.关于关于，有关有关重点短语重点短
4、语1since then从那时起从那时起2slow down 减慢减慢3come across 遇到遇到4be known as 以以闻名闻名5beyond ones limits 超出超出的极限的极限，打破极限打破极限6in vain 徒然徒然，白费力气白费力气7at random 随便地随便地，随意地随意地8rather than 而不是而不是9at all costs 不管多大代价不管多大代价，无论如何无论如何10treat as 看作看作，认为认为11sweep through 席卷席卷12straight away 立刻立刻，马上马上13wipe out 彻底毁灭彻底毁灭14up t
5、o 达到达到15stop sth.in its tracks 终止终止，消灭消灭16rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物抢劫某人某物17at any rate 无论如何；至少无论如何；至少18cater for 为为提供服务提供服务，满足满足要求要求重点句型重点句型1.the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。2.We have to have faith that there will be
6、 solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.我们必须坚信迟早有消灭禽流感的方法我们必须坚信迟早有消灭禽流感的方法。3When he went to the doctor that day,he could not have known what was about to happen to him.当那天他去看病时当那天他去看病时，他一定不知道什么事将会发生在他身上他一定不知道什么事将会发生在他身上。4It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could ha
7、ve benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾很遗憾，由于无知由于无知，成千上万的人们成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。高考范文高考范文(2008上海上海)你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参加。对此谈谈你的想，班长希望大家积极参加。对此谈谈你的想法。法。你的文章必须包括以下内容：你的文章必须包括以下内容：你是否会参加比赛你是否会参加比赛你
8、作出该决定的具体理由你作出该决定的具体理由_范文范文As is known to us all,there will be a group dancing competition in our school next month.Of course,our class will not miss it.Our monitor called on all of us to take an active part in it.Personally thinking,a group dance is quite a good form of entertainment as well as exer
9、cise,which brings us not only mental benefits but physical ones.Besides,dancing a group dance calls for teamwork,one of the qualities we will need for our future careers.Thirdly,by practising it,our classmates can develop a better relationship between each other,helping each other and encouraging ea
10、ch other.Last but not the least,this is a good chance for us to win honor for our class.For all the reasons above,I have decided to join in it.I want to prove to be an honor to the class.考 点 探 究.重点词汇过关重点词汇过关1abuse vt.&n.滥用；虐待；辱骂滥用；虐待；辱骂abuse ones authority/position/power滥用职权滥用职权/权力权力abuse a child 虐待
11、小孩虐待小孩an abuse of position 职权的滥用职权的滥用an abuse of drugs 药物的滥用药物的滥用a term of abuse 骂人的话骂人的话Dont abuse your privilege.不要滥用你的特权不要滥用你的特权。The farmer often abused his wife.这位农夫经常虐待他的妻子这位农夫经常虐待他的妻子。You shouldnt abuse your eyes.你不应该过度使用你的眼睛你不应该过度使用你的眼睛。I dont understand why I should put up with this kind of
12、abuse from her.我不明白我为什么要忍受她这样辱骂我我不明白我为什么要忍受她这样辱骂我。即学即练即学即练Some government leaders_their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A.employB.takeC.abuse D.overlook解析：句意为解析：句意为“一些政府领导滥用职权，非法牟利一些政府领导滥用职权，非法牟利”。abuse 在句中意为在句中意为“滥用滥用”；employ雇用；雇用；take 拿；拿；overlook 忽略。忽略。答案：答案：C2seek(so
13、ught,sought)vt.&vi.寻找；探索；追求寻找；探索；追求seek(after/for)sth.寻找某物寻找某物seek to do sth.(try/attempt to do sth.)试图试图/企图做某事企图做某事He is seeking_(asking_for)a job.他正在找工作他正在找工作。The boy sought_advice_from his teacher.这个男孩向他的老师请教这个男孩向他的老师请教。He is the man who is always seeking_after_truth.他是个始终追求真理的人他是个始终追求真理的人。They a
14、re_seeking_to mislead us.他们试图误导我们他们试图误导我们。即学即练即学即练In the early 1920s,thousands of people went to Australia to _ their fortune.Aseek BtakeCdevelop Dundertake解析：解析：seek ones fortune 固定搭配，意为固定搭配，意为“发财，碰运气发财，碰运气”。答案：答案：A3oppose vt.反对反对opposed adj.相反的，对立的相反的，对立的oppose A against/to B 把把A与与B相对照或相比相对照或相比opp
15、ose oneself to 反对反对Sb.be opposed to sth./doing sth.某人反对某事某人反对某事as opposed to 与与相对；与相对；与成对比成对比Most citizens opposed the bill.许多市民反对这项议案许多市民反对这项议案。Your evidence opposes the fact.你的证据与事实相背你的证据与事实相背。Im_strongly_opposed_to your suggestion.我坚决反对你的建议我坚决反对你的建议。即学即练完成句子即学即练完成句子I will oppose _(改变这个法规改变这个法规)。c
16、hanging the law4privileged adj.荣幸的荣幸的privilege n.特权；特别待遇；特权；特别待遇；vt.给予给予特权特权enjoy privileges 享受特权享受特权grant sb.the privilege of doing sth.给予某人做某事的特权给予某人做某事的特权privilege sb.from a tax 免某人的税免某人的税He enjoys diplomatic privileges.他享有外交特权他享有外交特权。I feel_privileged_to serve on the committee.我很荣幸成为委员会的一员我很荣幸成为
17、委员会的一员。It is a_great_privilege to know you.认识你真是莫大的荣幸认识你真是莫大的荣幸。In some countries,the president can privilege somebody from capital punishment.在有些国家里在有些国家里，总统可以特赦一些人免于死刑总统可以特赦一些人免于死刑。即学即练即学即练Ladies and gentlemen,I have the great privilege _ introducing our speaker for tonight.AinBofCaboutDon解析：解析：ha
18、ve the privilege of doing 很荣幸地做某事。句意很荣幸地做某事。句意为：女士们、先生们，我很荣幸向大家介绍今晚的发言人。为：女士们、先生们，我很荣幸向大家介绍今晚的发言人。答案：答案：B5postpone vt.推迟；延期推迟；延期postpone sth.(to sth.)推迟某事物；使某事物推迟推迟某事物；使某事物推迟be postponed for an hour 推迟推迟1个小时个小时postpone doing sth.推迟做某事推迟做某事postpone sth.until/to/for.推迟；耽搁；使延期推迟；耽搁；使延期The meeting is_po
19、stponed_until next week.会议延迟到下星期举行会议延迟到下星期举行。They decided to postpone the trip,owing to the change of the weather.由于天气变化由于天气变化，他们决定延期起程他们决定延期起程。辨析：辨析：postpone/delay/put off三个词或词组后都不可以跟不定式。三个词或词组后都不可以跟不定式。(1)postpone 是正式用语，语义较强，指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间，是正式用语，语义较强，指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间，在多数情况下，后面说明何时进行。在多数情况下，后面说明何时进
20、行。The meeting has been postponed to Friday.会议推迟到星期五举行。会议推迟到星期五举行。(2)delay 指暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行，后跟耽搁的原因。指暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行，后跟耽搁的原因。The steamer was delayed by bad weather.汽轮因天气不佳而延期。汽轮因天气不佳而延期。(3)put off 与与 postpone 大致同义，但较口语化。大致同义，但较口语化。Lets put this off till some other time.我们还是把这搁一搁，以后再说吧。我们还是把这搁一搁，以后再
21、说吧。即学即练完成句子即学即练完成句子Lets postpone _(做出决定做出决定)until we have more information.making a decision6prohibit vt.禁止；阻止禁止；阻止prohibition n.禁止；阻止禁止；阻止prohibit.from doing sth.禁止禁止做某事做某事prohibit smoking 禁止吸烟禁止吸烟Smoking in this railway carriage is_strictly_prohibited.本列车车厢严格禁止吸烟本列车车厢严格禁止吸烟。We are_prohibited_from
22、drinking alcohol during working hours.工作时间内我们不得喝酒工作时间内我们不得喝酒。The price prohibited us from buying it.这东西价钱太高这东西价钱太高，我们买不起我们买不起。辨析：辨析：ban/forbid/prohibit(1)ban 语气最重，指官方或舆论对于道德上应受谴责或反对语气最重，指官方或舆论对于道德上应受谴责或反对的事物加以禁止。的事物加以禁止。(2)forbid 是普通用语，主语多半是与被禁止的人有直接或亲是普通用语，主语多半是与被禁止的人有直接或亲密关系的人，如父母、雇主等，含密关系的人，如父母、雇
23、主等，含“不许做某事不许做某事”的意思。的意思。(3)prohibit 是正式用语，一般指通过法律、法令、警告等禁是正式用语，一般指通过法律、法令、警告等禁止某些事物。止某些事物。即学即练完成句子即学即练完成句子她父亲不允许她嫁给他她父亲不允许她嫁给他。Her father forbade her to marry him.Her father _ her _ him.prohibitedfrom marrying7decline vi.下降；变小下降；变小(少、弱少、弱)；衰退；下沉；倾斜；衰退；下沉；倾斜vt.拒绝；使下降拒绝；使下降n.下降；衰退；斜坡下降；衰退；斜坡I offered
24、him a lift to his house,but he declined with thanks.我要让他我要让他搭便车送他回家，搭便车送他回家，但他谢绝了但他谢绝了。His health has begun to decline recently.他的健康最近开始衰退了他的健康最近开始衰退了。They asked me to their party,but I declined the invitation.他们邀请我他们邀请我参加宴会参加宴会，但我婉拒了但我婉拒了。He declined_to_answer the question.他拒绝回答这个问题他拒绝回答这个问题。There
25、has been a_gradual_decline_in the population of the town.该镇该镇的人口一直在逐渐减少中的人口一直在逐渐减少中。即学即练即学即练She _ to have lunch with her friend,saying that she wasnt feeling very wellAdeclinedBresignedCtended Dapproved解析：解析：考查考查 decline to do sth.“拒绝做某事拒绝做某事”。答案：答案：A8equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备使有准备；配备；装备equipment n.U装备；设备装
26、备；设备equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人用某物装备某人/物物equip sb./sth.for(doing)sth.为为(做做)某事而准备某事而准备sb.be equipped to do sth.某人有准备做某事某人有准备做某事equip sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth.装备有某物装备有某物a piece of equipment 一件设备一件设备Our classroom is_equipped_with a TV set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录
27、音机我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。A good education should equip you for life.良好的教育能使你受用终生良好的教育能使你受用终生。Our school has been given some_new_equipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。即学即练即学即练Somewhat better _ academically,he returned home to continue his experiment.Afurnished BequippedCprovided Dinstalled解析：句意为解析：句意为“有
28、了更好的学术装备，他回到家乡继续实有了更好的学术装备，他回到家乡继续实验验”。答案：答案：B.短语句型突破短语句型突破1in vain 徒然，白费力气徒然，白费力气vain adj.自负的；自视过高的；空洞的自负的；自视过高的；空洞的，无用的；无谓的无用的；无谓的a vain attempt 无用的尝试无用的尝试vain promises 空头的许诺空头的许诺vainly adv.徒劳地徒劳地We tried in_vain to make him change his mind.我们想使他改变主意我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机结果是白费心机。We tried vainly_to pers
29、uade her not to go.我们劝她别去我们劝她别去，她不听她不听。He was_vain_about his looks,spending hours in the gym.他对自己的外表很自负他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是几个小时在健身房里一呆就是几个小时。即学即练即学即练The police had searched for the missing driver,and their efforts were _.Ain failureBin vainCat random Dwithout result解析：解析：in vain 徒劳地。徒劳地。答案：答案：B2at a
30、ll costs 不管多大代价，无论如何不管多大代价，无论如何at all costsat any cost 不惜任何代价不惜任何代价，无论如何无论如何at the cost of 以以为代价为代价at a cost of 以以的价格的价格at cost 按成本按成本，以成本价格以成本价格(出售出售)cut/reduce costs 减少了日常花销减少了日常花销cover the cost of sth.支付某物的费用支付某物的费用The government must stop this terrible epidemic spreading at_all_costs.政府必须不惜任何代价阻
31、止这种可怕的传染病的蔓延政府必须不惜任何代价阻止这种可怕的传染病的蔓延。Hes determined to win,whatever_the_cost.他决心要获胜他决心要获胜，无论付出什么代价无论付出什么代价。The new building is going up at_a_cost_of$82 million.修建这座大楼要花费修建这座大楼要花费 8200万美元万美元。Weve got to cut_costs and were starting with the phone bill.由于要削减成本由于要削减成本，我们正着手先从电话费开始我们正着手先从电话费开始。辨析：辨析：price
32、,cost,charge 与与 expense(1)price“价格价格”，指商品出售时所定的价钱，尤指卖主所要求的价钱。如：，指商品出售时所定的价钱，尤指卖主所要求的价钱。如：Whats the price of the watch？这块表多少钱？这块表多少钱？(2)cost“成本，费用成本，费用”，包括对某物所付出的一切费用及时间、劳力等的代价。，包括对某物所付出的一切费用及时间、劳力等的代价。如：如：the cost of living 生活费用生活费用(3)charge“费用，索价费用，索价”，指要人支付的一笔钱，尤指准许某人做某事所需支，指要人支付的一笔钱，尤指准许某人做某事所需支付
33、的钱。如：付的钱。如：What are the charges in this hotel?这家旅馆的住宿费用是多少？这家旅馆的住宿费用是多少？(4)expense“费用费用”，多用复数，尤指大量的花费、支出，如求学、旅行、建设、，多用复数，尤指大量的花费、支出，如求学、旅行、建设、战争等的费用。如：战争等的费用。如：travelling/holiday/funeral/expenses旅行旅行/度假度假/丧礼费用丧礼费用即学即练即学即练The government will save his life at all _.ApricesBvaluesCcostsDcharges解析：解析：at
34、 all costs 不管多大代价。不管多大代价。答案：答案：C3at any rate 无论如何，至少无论如何，至少at this/that rate 照这照这/那种情况继续下去那种情况继续下去at a rate of 以以的速度的速度/比率比率birth/unemployment/divorce rate出生出生/失业失业/离婚率离婚率success/failure rate 成功成功/失败率失败率We may miss the next bus,but at_any_rate well be there before midday.我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车
35、，但但无论如何无论如何，中午以前我们总可以到那里中午以前我们总可以到那里。At_this_rate,_we wont be able to afford a holiday.照这样下去照这样下去，我们就度不起假了我们就度不起假了。即学即练即学即练_ the factory will be closed down by Christmas.AAt a rate BAt any rateCAt this rate DAt the rate解析：解析：句意为：句意为：“照这样下去，工厂到圣诞节就得关闭了。照这样下去，工厂到圣诞节就得关闭了。”答案：答案：C4Having killed up to 5
36、0 million people in 18 months,with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old,the Spanish Flu is_believed_to have been the most acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感在西班牙流感在18个月内使多达个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为：年轻力壮的而不是老年人容易发病，它被认为是历史向为：年轻力壮的而不是老年人容易发病，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。上最严重的流行性传染病。本句用
37、的句型是本句用的句型是 sth.is believed to be/do。可转化为可转化为 It is believed that.。类似的结构还有：类似的结构还有：It be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedthatclause.此句型可转化成：此句型可转化成：(1)People say/know/agree/think/suppose/reportthatclause.(2)Sb./Sth.be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedto do.It_is_believed_that Mr
38、.Smith is innocent.Mr.Smith is_believed_to_be innocent.人们认为史密斯先生是无辜的人们认为史密斯先生是无辜的。It_is_believed_that Professor Johnson has finished his second novel.Professor Johnson is_believed_to_have_finished his second novel.人们相信约翰逊教授已完成了第二部小说人们相信约翰逊教授已完成了第二部小说。即学即练即学即练The lake by the village is believed _ a n
39、umber of victims in the past 3 years.Ato claim Bto have claimedCclaiming Dbeing claiming解析：句意为解析：句意为“人们相信村子旁边的湖泊在过去的三年里已人们相信村子旁边的湖泊在过去的三年里已要了许多人的命要了许多人的命”。在这种形式中，。在这种形式中，believe 后面不能跟后面不能跟 ving形式；由形式；由 in the past 3 years 可知，事情是已发生可知，事情是已发生的，因此，需用不定式的完成式与之相对应。的，因此，需用不定式的完成式与之相对应。答案：答案：B5It_seems a r
40、eal pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。的机会。(1)在在“It seemsn./adj.that从句从句”中中，it 为形式主语为形式主语，that 从句为真正的主语从句为真正的主语。(2)seem“好像好像，似乎似乎”，可用于以下句型：可用于以下句型：It seems(to
41、 sb.)that.(对某人来说对某人来说)似乎似乎Sb.seems to do/to be doing/to have doneIt seems as if/though.似乎似乎(好像好像)，可接虚拟语气可接虚拟语气seem(to be)n./adj.似乎是似乎是There seems to be.好像有好像有It seems so.(So it seems.)似乎是那样似乎是那样It_seemed_that he had known the truth.He seemed to have known the truth.他好象知道了真相他好象知道了真相。His father seems_
42、(to_be)strict.他父亲似乎很严厉他父亲似乎很严厉。There seemed_to_be a voice in the distance.似乎远外有人说话似乎远外有人说话。It_always_seemed_as_though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。辨析：辨析：seem/look/appear(1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。(2)l
43、ook 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接不定式连用。可接 as if从句，不接从句，不接 that从句。从句。(3)appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接可接 that从句，不接从句，不接 as if从句。从句。即学即练即学即练What a noise!I can hardly stand it.It _ as if they are having a party next door.Alooks BseemsCappears Dhappens解析：解析
44、：A、D项不接项不接 as if从句。从句。C项表示项表示“表面上是事实却表面上是事实却并非如此并非如此”，不合题意。考查，不合题意。考查 It seems as if.句式。句式。答案：答案：B高 效 作 业.单项填空单项填空1Im sorry.Ive left my credit card home.And I dont have enough cash for the meal.Dont worry._.AIll invite youBIts my pleasure to pay youCIts my treat DIts at your expense答案：答案：C解析：考查情景对话。
45、解析：考查情景对话。treat sb.请某人吃饭，请某人吃饭，Its my treat.算我请客了。算我请客了。2One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _.AbillsBexpensesCpricesDcharges答案：答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。解析：考查名词辨析。expenses 开支，花费。开支，花费。bills 帐单；帐单；prices 价格；价格；charges 收费。收费。3Hes selfconfident.He wont _ anyone questioning
46、 his decisions.Atolerate Bhold Callow Dpermit答案：答案：A解析：解析：tolerate(doing)sth.容忍。容忍。hold 坚持；坚持；allow和和 permit 搭配搭配 sb.to do sth。4Dont take too much of the medicine;it does you more harm than good if you _.Ado Btake Clike Dhave答案：答案：A解析：考查省略结构。句中解析：考查省略结构。句中 do 代替代替 take too much of the medicine。5Some
47、 researchers believe that there is no doubt_ a cure for AIDS will be found.Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether答案：答案：B解析：解析：There is no doubt that.毫不疑问毫不疑问。6All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were _.He died soon afterwards.Ain place Bin return Cin vain Din order答案：答案：C解析：考查介词词组。
48、解析：考查介词词组。in place 适当的，恰当的；在适当的适当的，恰当的；在适当的位置，位置，in return 作为回报，作为回报，in vain 徒劳，徒劳，in order 有秩有秩序地。句意：他们试图从失火的大楼里救出那个孩子，结序地。句意：他们试图从失火的大楼里救出那个孩子，结果徒劳，他很快就死了。果徒劳，他很快就死了。7_possible that he will come late.AHe seems BThere seems to beCThere seems DIt seems答案：答案：D解析：考查解析：考查 seem 的用法。的用法。It seems(to be)po
49、ssible that.意为意为“似乎是可能的似乎是可能的”。8Excuse me.Has the train from Beijing arrived yet?_ you are three quarters earlier.Its only 9 now.AUnconsciously BInstantlyCNearly DActually答案：答案：D解析：解析：actually 其实，实际上；其实，实际上；unconsciously 无意识地；无意识地；instantly 即刻，马上；即刻，马上；nearly 大约，差不多。大约，差不多。actually 有转折的意思，说明与前面句子内容的
50、不一致。答句意为：有转折的意思，说明与前面句子内容的不一致。答句意为：其实，你早了其实，你早了45分钟，现在才分钟，现在才9点。点。9Ten years ago,John and Tom _ at the entrance to this restaurant;John went to the west to _ his fortune while Tom stayed.Aparted;seek Bseparated;huntCdeparted;seek Ddivided;found out答案：答案：A解析：第一空填解析：第一空填 part或或 separate 意为意为“分手，分开分手，分
