1、医学英语视听说(第二版)Unit One Integumentary SystemMedical English Communication:Listening and Speaking(2nd edition)1ContentsPart I Introduction to the Integumentary SystemPart II Diseases Related to the Integumentary SystemPart III Celebrity and DiseasePart IV Medical Terminology Related to the Integumentary
2、 System2Part V Further ThinkingPart IVideo:Introduction to the Integumentary System3Think and TalkThe skin consists of two layers:the epidermis and the dermis.Beneath the dermis lies the hypodermis or subcutaneous fatty tissue.The skin has three main functions:protection,regulation and sensation.The
3、 skin is a stable but flexible outer covering that acts as barrier,protecting your body from harmful things in the outside world such as moisture,the cold and sun rays,as well as germs and toxic substances.The epidermis protects the body by keeping things that might be harmful out and keeping the th
4、ings your body needs to function properly in.Bacteria,viruses,fungi and other infectious agents are kept out.Sebum produced by glands helps inhibit microbes to keep the skin waterproof,so that water and nutrients are kept in for the body to use.Reference4Think and TalkSpecialized cells in the epider
5、mis help protect your body,too.Melanocytes contain a pigment called melanin and are responsible for the skin tone or color.They can filter out ultraviolet(UV)radiation from the sun.Langerhans cells are part of the immune system.They act like guards and signal the body when they detect foreign substa
6、nces,such as bacteria not usually found on the skin.Reference5Task One:Blank Filling(1)interface (2)insides(3)reveals(4)incorporates(5)glandsWatch and Do(6)thickness(7)sensations(8)touch(9)seals(10)dermal 6Task Two:Multiple ChoiceWatch and Do71.D 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C Task Three:Description The skin makes
7、 up 16%of your physical weight,and is the largest organ in our body.Its main purpose is to keep our insides in.Skin is the foundation of the integumentary system,which also incorporates hair,nails,and specialized glands and nerves.Made up of three layers,the epidermis,dermis,and hypodermis,skins thi
8、ckness varies from 0.5 millimeters to four millimeters.It also carries out three key functions:protecting,regulating,and sensing.The huge surface processes hundreds of physical sensations,relying mostly on Merkel cells.In the fingertips,Merkel cells,coupled with receptors,give us the sense of touch.
9、This surface is also the bodys first major line of defense.Skin effectively seals off our insides and also absorbs pressure and shock with flexible collagen.Watch and Do Task Three:DescriptionThe epidermis is made up mainly of skin cells called keratinocytes that are completely replaced every four w
10、eeks.They form a tightly-overlapping,waterproof layer thats difficult for invading microbes to breach.Any harmful microbes that make it into the epidermis will encounter Langerhans cells,which can detect invaders and communicates their presence to resident immune system T-cells.A crucial feature of
11、this immune defense is the several thousand species of microorganisms that inhabit the skin.These skin microbes ensure the immune system is ready to react if the body is at risk.The skin is also a sensory organ that helps regulate our bodys temperature.Nerves detect whether our skin is warm or cold
12、and communicate that information to our brain.Watch and Do9 Task Three:DescriptionIn return,the brain instructs localized blood vessels to either expand or to constrict when the body is too warm or cold.Up to 25%of the bodys blood is circulating through the dermis,making this process extremely effic
13、ient.Under warm conditions,the skins sweat glands will secrete sweat,transferring heat out of the body.Hair can also be stimulated to conserve or release body warmth.The average human has 5 million hair follicles.Ninety to 150,000 of those are on our scalp,where they help shield the large surface ar
14、ea of our head from physical damage and sunburn.Watch and Do10Part II Diseases Related to the Integumentary System11Part IIDiseases Related to the Urinary SystemVideo OneWhat Is Vitiligo？Video TwoWhat Your Acne Says about Your Health?12Video One What Is Vitiligo？13Think and TalkRisk factors of vitil
15、igo:Vitiligo is more common in people between the ages of 10 and 30 years.Other factors that may increase your chance for vitiligo include:Family members with vitiligo or hair turning gray earlyCertain autoimmune diseases,such as those that affect the thyroid glandHigher levels of depression and soc
16、ial anxiety have been reported in patients with vitiligo.Patients may also experience low self-esteem,social stigmatization,shame,avoidance of intimacy,adjustment disorder,fear,suicidal ideation,and other psychiatric morbidities.Reference14Part II-Video OneWatch and DoTask One:Blank Filling(1)pigmen
17、tation (2)20s (3)suffer (4)patches (5)pale(6)melanin (7)hair(8)exposed (9)hands (10)join15Part II-Video OneTask Two:Questions and Answers1.Patches caused by vitiligo are usually permanent,but treatments available can improve the appearance of skin.2.Nobody knows for certain what causes vitiligo to d
18、evelop.3.People should make an appointment to see their GP.4.Vitiligo is closely associated with autoimmune conditions.5.The patient might need to have a blood test to check his thyroid function.Watch and DoWatch and Do16Part II-Video OneTask Three:SummaryVitiligo is a condition that affects the pig
19、mentation of your skin and hair.Celebrities such as Michael Jackson,Graham Norton and MAD MENs Jon Hamm also suffer from the condition.Vitiligo causes patches of skin to lose color and turn pale and white.This occurs when the affected areas have little or no melanin.Any hair growing from a white pat
20、ch caused by vitiligo is generally white as well.Vitiligo can affect any part of your body,but most often occurs on your face,neck and hands.Patch sizes vary.Patches caused by vitiligo are usually permanent,although there are treatments available that can improve the appearance of your skin.Nobody k
21、nows for certain what causes vitiligo to develop.But we do know that it is not infectious.Watch and DoWatch and Do17Part II-Video OneTask Three:SummaryVitiligo is closely associated with autoimmune conditions.Patients might need to have a blood test to check their thyroid function.There are a number
22、 of ways to treat vitiligo,and doctors will advise patients on the best course to take.Watch and DoWatch and Do18Part II-Video OneVideo Two What Your Acne Says about Your Health?19Think and TalkSymptoms of acne signs:Whiteheads(closed plugged pores)Blackheads(open plugged pores)Small red,tender bump
23、s(papules)Pimples(pustules),which are papules with pus at their tips Large,solid,painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin(nodules)Painful,pus-filled lumps beneath the surface of the skin(cystic lesions)These factors can worsen acne:Hormones.Androgens are hormones that increase in boys and girls
24、 during puberty and cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum.Hormonal changes related to pregnancy and the use of oral contraceptivesReference20Part II-Video TwoThink and Talkalso can affect sebum production.And low amounts of androgens circulate in the blood of women and can worsen
25、 acne.Certain medications.Examples include drugs containing corticosteroids,testosterone or lithium.Diet.Studies indicate that certain dietary factors,including skim milk and carbohydrate-rich foods such as bread,bagels and chips may worsen acne.Chocolate has long been suspected of making acne worse
26、.Stress.Stress can make acne worse.Reference21Part II-Video TwoWatch and DoTask One:Blank Filling(1)greasy (2)activities (3)coffee (4)exercise (5)anabolic steroids(6)beard (7)hormonal imbalance(8)athletes (9)occludes (10)sweat22Part II-Video TwoTask Two:True or False1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.FWatch and Do23
27、Part II-Video TwoPart IIICelebrity and DiseaseVideo OneMichael Jacksons Interview with Oprah WinfreyVideo TwoWinnie Harlow:My Skin Doesnt Define MeVideo OneVideo Two24Video OneMichael Jacksons Interview with Oprah Winfrey25Think and Talk Jackson is one of the best-selling music artists of all time,w
28、ith estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide.Thriller is the best-selling album of all time,with estimated sales of 66 million copies worldwide.Bad was the first album to produce five Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles.Jackson had 13 Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles,more than any
29、other male artist in the Hot 100 era,and was also the first artist to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades.He received 13 Grammy Awards,the Grammy Legend and Grammy Lifetime Achievement awards.Through stage and video performances,he popularized complicated dance t
30、echniques such as the moonwalk,to which he gave theReference26Part III-Video OneThink and Talkname.His sound and style have influenced artists of various genres,and his contributions to music,dance,and fashion,along with his publicized personal life,made him a global figure in popular culture for ov
31、er four decades.Reference27Part III-Video OneTask One:True or False1.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.TWatch and Do28Part III-Video OneTask Two:Questions and Answers1.Its in his family,his father said its on his side.2.No,there is no such thing as skin bleaching.3.Using makeup.4.No.5.Art.Watch and DoWatch and Do29Pa
32、rt III-Video OneTask Three:Critical Thinking1.No,there is no such thing as skin bleaching.“Im a black American,Im proud to be a black American,I am proud of my race,I am proud of who I am,”Jackson told Winfrey in that 1993 interview.2.Ultimately,visible symptoms may change how patients see themselve
33、s and how they perceive their future.Multiple studies reveal consistently poorer quality of life and psychosocial functioning scores among patients with visible dermatologic skin conditions compared with those who do not have such conditions.In a vicious circle,stress,depression and other kinds of p
34、sychological problems can exacerbate the skin problems.The common dermatological issues that have been Watch and DoWatch and Do30Part III-Video OneTask Three:Critical Thinkingdocumented to be made worse by stress include acne,rosacea,psoriasis,itching,eczema,pain and hives,just to name a few.3.Refer
35、ence:Social science research shows that a persons physical appearance has a meaningful impact on their life experiences and opportunities,but the story is more complicated than people might expect.For the most part,attractive people enjoy a lot of perks.For example,a psychological concept called“the
36、 halo effect”that has strong ties to beauty.In society,physical attractiveness confers numerous social advantages.People also found that peoples beliefs about their physical appearance influenced not only their perceptions of their socialWatch and DoWatch and Do31Part III-Video OneTask Three:Critica
37、l Thinkingclass but also their subsequent attitudes toward equality.When people think that they are more physically attractive,they believe that they belong to a higher social class,independent of their actual level of physical attractiveness and objective social status.And the reverse is also true:
38、When people think that they are less physically attractive,they believe they belong to a lower social class.Watch and DoWatch and Do32Part III-Video OneVideo TwoWinnie Harlow:My Skin Doesnt Define Me33Think and Talk Winnie Harlow recently became the first model with vitiligo to walk in the Victorias
39、 Secret Fashion Show,bringing some long overdue awareness to this skin condition.Yet some people still dont fully understand vitiligo and are confused about the white patches on Harlows body.Canadian model Winnie Harlow,born Chantelle Brown-Young,did not have an easy childhood.At the age of four she
40、 was diagnosed with vitiligo,an incurable skin pigmentation disease that causes colorless patches to develop on a persons body.Bullied for the way she looked,her peers at school taunted her with cruel nicknames such as“cow”and“zebra”.“The bullying was so bad that I was forced to drop out and be home
41、 schooled,”Harlow recalls.Reference34Part III-Video TwoThink and Talk “Dropping out of high school was possibly the best thing that could have happened,because I found a rejuvenated sense of self.I learned to love who I am despite what anyone would say about or to me.This gave me the courage to real
42、ly stand up to anyone or any obstacle in my life.”“The most liberating thing is being able to just simply be myself and show the fashion industry that beauty can come in many forms.”Reference35Part III-Video TwoWatch and DoTask One:Blank Filling(1)stand for (2)confidence (3)feel like (4)pressure (5)
43、superhero(6)skin condition (7)ashamed(8)getting away (9)other than (10)scared36Part III-Video TwoTask Two:Summary People have an idea of who she is just based off how she looks for what theyve heard about her.She thinks she was born with confidence.In her childhood,she never thought anything was dif
44、ferent about her.Her family ever treated her like anything was different.When she started going to school,she was told that she was different.And she was teased because she was different.But she didnt really think about anyone elses opinion,and focusing on her opinion of herself.People always try to
45、 put that pressure of being the superhero for kids with skin conditions,but she doesnt think so.Shes not ashamedWatch and Do37Part III-Video TwoTask Two:Summaryof having vitiligo,and thinks it is a part of her,it doesnt define her.People think she is so brave.And she thinks she is not brave,but conf
46、ident.Her goal is never to prove a point to anyone other than herself.Her goal in life is never to prove someone wrong.Watch and Do38Part III-Video TwoPart IVMedical Terminology39Part IVMedical TerminologyRootsderm/o,derm/a,dermat/o40Think and Talkdermatologyepidermisdermismelaninkeratin dermatitise
47、czemasebaceoussebum subcutaneousalbinismfolliculitishypodermiskeratosisangiomaReference41Part IV-RootsTask One:Matching1.d 2.c 3.e 4.b 5.a Practice and Produce42Part IV-RootsTask Two:Explanation1.rhytidoplasty:plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from the face2.leukoderma:a co
48、ngenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin3.onychomalacia:softening of the nails4.xeroderma:excessive dryness of the skin5.subcutaneous:beneath the layers of the skinPractice and Produce43Part IV-RootsTask Three:Reviewdermabrasiondermatalgiadermatographicdermoplastyd
49、ermatoarthritisdermotherapycutaneouscutis laxa cutis anserinecutis hyperelastica cutaneous gland cutaneomucosalPractice and Produce44Part IV-RootsTask Three:ReviewPractice and Produce45Part IV-RootsRootMeaningaden/oglandalbin/owhiteaut/oselfcutane/oskinderm/o,derm/a,dermat/oskinhidr/o sweatleuk/o wh
50、itemelan/o blackonych/o nailpil/o hairrhytid/o wrinkleseb/o sebumsteat/o fat,sebumtrich/o hairxer/o dryTask Three:ReviewPractice and Produce46Part IV-RootsPrefixMeaningepi-on,over,uponpara-beside,beyond,aroundper-throughsub-under,belowSuffixMeaning-itis inflammation-malacia softening-opsy view of,vi
