1、语法专题（七）形容词和副词PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇【中考考点】（1）形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的构成规则、基本句型及用法。（2）形容词作表语和定语的用法。（3）副词作状语的用法。考点一形容词1.形容词的功能（1）形容词作定语单个形容词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的前面。She is a good girl.她是一个好女孩儿。形容词作不定代词的定语时,必须放在不定代词的后面。There is nothing important.没有什么重要的事情。“基数词-可数名词单数-形容词”为复合形容词,放在被修饰的名词前面。Tom is an eight-year-old boy.汤姆是一
2、个八岁的男孩儿。（2）形容词作表语时,与连系动词构成系表结构。The meal is delicious.这顿饭很美味。（3）形容词作宾语补足语时,用来说明宾语的性质、状态或特征。I found the book interesting.我发现这本书有趣。2.形容词的常用句式（1）“Its+adj.+of+sb+不定式.”表示“某人做某事是的”。注意 在这一句型中,需用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good,kind,nice,polite等。（2）“Its+adj.+for+sb+不定式.”表示“做某事对某人来说是的”。注意 在这一句型中,需用描述做某事性质的形容词,如important
3、,necessary,difficult,easy,hard等。考点二副词副词在句中常修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子。根据不同功能,副词分为程度副词（so,much,very,quite等）、频度副词（always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never等）、时间副词（now,then,ever,finally等）、地点副词（here,there,in,out等）以及疑问副词（where,how,when,why等）。1.副词的一般用法（1）用作状语。He speaks English .他英语说得非常好。,Simon didnt hurt himself.
4、幸运的是,西蒙没伤着自己。very wellLuckily（2）用作表语。主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词,如in,out,on,back,down,up等。Ill be back in five minutes.我五分钟后就回来。（3）用作定语。通常情况下,副词用作定语时总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。The people there are very friendly.那里的人很友好。2.常用频度副词及其用法按照事情发生的频率高低,常用频度副词依次是always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never。对频度副词提问用how often。3
5、.副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形low,fast,late,early,much,deep,little,hard,only,back,well,enough,long,high形容词后直接加-lysadsadly,politepolitely“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-lyhappyhappily,angryangrily“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加-y simplesimply,terribleterribly 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-lytruetruly构成原级比较级最高级一般在词尾（单音节词）加-er,-esttalllongtaller ta
6、llest 以不发音的字母e结尾的词（单音节）加-r,-stnicelargenicer nicest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加-er,-esthappyfunnyhappier happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-estbighotthinbiggerhotter biggesthottest 部分双音节词或多音节词和由形容词加“ly”构成的副词,在原级前加more,mostbeautifulslowlymore beautiful most beautiful 考点三形容词和副词的比较等级的构成longer lo
7、ngestlarger largestfunnierfunniestthinner thinnestmore slowlymost slowly1.规则变化2.不规则变化good/wellbetterbest many/muchmoremost ill/bad/badlyworseworst little farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestless least考点四形容词和副词比较等级的用法1.原级的用法（1）只能修饰原级的词有very,quite,so,too等。The old man is walk on.那位老人太累了,不能再继续走了。（2）原级常用的
8、句型结构:“A+v.+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”表示“A和B一样”。Lucy is as tall as Kate.露西和凯特一样高。Tom runs Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。“A+v.+not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B”表示“A不如B”。This classroom is that one.这间教室不如那间大。He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。too tired toas fast asnot as/so big as2.比较级的常用句型结构（1）“A+v.+比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数（+
9、介词短语）”表示“A比同一范围内的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“A最”。Xiaoming is taller than in his class.=Xiaoming is taller than（any of）the other boys in his class.小明比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。（2）“A+v.+the+比较级+of the two+其他”表示“A是两者中较的”。Look at the two boys.Xiaoming is the two.看那两个男孩,小明是两个当中较胖的那个。（3）“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。He is getting .他越来越高了。He
10、 does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。any other boythe fatter oftaller and taller（4）“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。you work,your grades will be.你越努力学习,你的成绩就会越好。（5）“特殊疑问词+v.+比较级,A or B?”Which is bigger,the blue ball or the red one?哪一个球更大,蓝球还是红球?注意 比较级前常用much,even,a little,a bit,a lot,far等修
11、饰。The harderthe better3.最高级的常用句型结构（1）“主语+v.+the+最高级（+单数可数名词）+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。Tom is the tallest（student）in his class.汤姆是他班上最高的（学生）。I jump in my class.我是我班跳得最远的。（2）“主语+v.+one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语”表示“是中最的之一”。Beijing is in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。（3）“特殊疑问词+v.+the+最高级,A,B,or C?”用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较。Which s
12、eason do you like ,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天、夏天还是秋天?（4）“主语+v.+the+序数词+最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语”表示“是中的第几的”。Tom is boy in his class.汤姆是他班上第二高的男生。（the）farthestone of the biggest citiesbest/（the）mostthe second tallest考点五比较事物的数量我们用morethan和fewer/lessthan来比较人或事情的数量。用the most表示最多的数量,用the fewest/the le
13、ast表示最少的数量。（1）morethan意为“比多”,其中,more是形容词many或much的比较级,其后可以跟不可数名词或可数名词复数。（2）fewer/lessthan意为“比少”,其中,fewer是形容词few的比较级,其后跟可数名词复数;less是形容词little的比较级,其后跟不可数名词。（3）most是形容词many或much的最高级,意为“最多的”。当三者或三者以上的人或事物作比较时,最大的数量用the most,后面可以跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。（4）fewest,least分别是形容词few和little的最高级,意为“最少的”。当三者或者三者以上的人或事物作比较时
14、,最少的数量用the fewest或the least。the fewest后跟可数名词复数,the least后面跟不可数名词。（5）more,most,less和least还可以用作副词,后跟多音节形容词、副词和部分双音节形容词、副词构成相应的比较级和最高级。考点过关训练.单项选择1.2018广东 What do you think of the movie Operation Red Sea?Wonderful.Ive never seen a movie than it.A.more excited B.more exciting C.most excited D.most excit
15、ing2.2018河北 This dog looks.Its wearing red shoes.A.clever B.brave C.funny D.careful3.2018无锡 Do you watch Peppa Pig on TV?Its so funny!Well,no,to be,I think its quite silly.A.curious B.brave C.gentle D.honest4.2018扬州 I cant afford the white dress.What about the orange one?The price is a little.A.chea
16、per B.higher C.lower D.more expensiveBCDC考点过关训练5.2018黄冈 How hard you are working,Helen!We must!President Xi said that we are,we will be.A.the more hard-working;the luckier B.the hard-working;the luckyC.more hard-working;luckier D.the most hard-working;the luckiest6.I watch this TV programme.Its very
17、 interesting.A.often B.neverC.hardly D.seldom7.2018天水 Can you do the work well with time and people?A.less;few B.few;littleC.less;fewer D.fewer;lessAAC考点过关训练8.This computer cant work.It needs to be fixed.A.mostly B.normallyC.hardly D.usually9.The volunteer spoke as as she could to make the visitors
18、understand her.A.clearly B.more clearlyC.most clearly D.the most clearly10.Ted was hard-working.His success made him work.A.harder B.hardestC.more quickly D.most quicklyBAA考点过关训练.根据句意或句子的语法要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空11.The new system is now（wide）used by IT companies all over the world.12.The effect of this k
19、ind of medicine needs（far）study before it can be widely used.13.2017宿迁 I think Mr Zhang is （strict）of all the teachers in our school.14.Does Jim run as as David?Yes,but Mike runs than them.（fast）15.It gets and when spring comes.（warm）widelyfurtherthe strictest fastfasterwarmerwarmer考点过关训练16.Amazing
20、China is one of （educational）movies she has seen.17.Its noisy here.I need a much（quiet）place to study in.18.After the 31st Olympic Games,people all over the country thought（high）of the spirit of the Womens Volleyball Team.19.Who is （tall）,Bob,Jack or Tim?20.The problem is（terrible）difficult.So far nobody has worked it out.the most educationalquieterhighlythe tallestterribly
