1、【2020新】北师大版六年级下册数学课件圆柱的体积课后课后作业作业探索探索新知新知1课堂探究点课堂探究点2课时流程课时流程课堂课堂小结小结当堂当堂检测检测第第1课时课时 圆柱的体积圆柱的体积探究点探究点1 圆柱体积的计算公式圆柱体积的计算公式想一想,怎样计算圆柱的体积呢?想一想,怎样计算圆柱的体积呢?ShShShVShVSh从从“长方体的体积长方体的体积=底面积底面积 高高”,可以猜想可以猜想“圆柱的体积圆柱的体积=底面积底面积 高高”。尝试验证你的猜想,并与同伴交流。尝试验证你的猜想,并与同伴交流。圆柱的体积底面积圆柱的体积底面积高高圆柱底面周长的一半圆柱底面周长的一半圆圆柱柱的的高高底面底
2、面半径半径3.140.4253.140.1653.140.82.512(m3)答:需要答:需要2.512m3木材。木材。尝试解决下面的问题。尝试解决下面的问题。3.14(62)2163.14916452.16(cm3)452.16(mL)答:一个杯子能装答:一个杯子能装452.16毫升水。毫升水。小试牛刀小试牛刀(源于(源于典中点典中点)1填空。填空。(1)如图,把圆柱沿高平均分成若干份,可以拼成一个近如图,把圆柱沿高平均分成若干份,可以拼成一个近似的长方体,该长方体的体积等于似的长方体,该长方体的体积等于()的体积,的体积,底面积等于圆柱的底面积等于圆柱的(),高就是圆柱的,高就是圆柱的()
3、。因为长方体的体积底面积。因为长方体的体积底面积高,所以圆柱的高,所以圆柱的体积体积(),用字母表示是用字母表示是()。圆柱圆柱底面积底面积高高底面积底面积高高VSh(2)一个圆柱的底面积是一个圆柱的底面积是15 cm2,高是,高是6 cm,它的体积,它的体积是是()cm3。2计算下面各圆柱的体积。计算下面各圆柱的体积。(1)(2)已知圆柱的底面周长是已知圆柱的底面周长是37.68 dm,高是,高是12 dm。903.14102103140(cm3)3.14(37.683.142)2121356.48(dm3)3一个圆柱形玻璃容器的底面半径是一个圆柱形玻璃容器的底面半径是4 cm,高是,高是
4、12 cm,这个玻璃容器最多能装牛奶多少毫升?,这个玻璃容器最多能装牛奶多少毫升?3.144212602.88(cm3)602.88 mL答:这个玻璃容器最多能装牛奶答:这个玻璃容器最多能装牛奶602.88 mL。归纳总结:归纳总结:(讲解源于(讲解源于典中点典中点)圆柱的体积计算公式:圆柱的体积计算公式:VSh,Vr2h,V(d2)2h,V(C2)2h。小试牛刀小试牛刀(教材(教材P9练一练)练一练)1.分别计算下列各图形的体积,再说说这几个图形体积计分别计算下列各图形的体积,再说说这几个图形体积计 算方法之间的联系。算方法之间的联系。43896(cm3)666216(cm3)3.14(52
5、)28157(cm3)hSV 2.计算下面各圆柱的体积。计算下面各圆柱的体积。604240(cm3)3.1412515.7(cm3)3.14(62)210282.6(dm3)3.14(142)2203077.2(cm3)3077.2(mL)3077.2mL3000mL答:这个杯子能装下答:这个杯子能装下3000mL的牛奶。的牛奶。3.这个杯子能否装下这个杯子能否装下3000mL的牛奶?的牛奶?易错辨析易错辨析(选题源于(选题源于典中点典中点)4判断。判断。(对的画对的画“”,错的画,错的画“”)(1)圆柱的体积一定比表面积大。圆柱的体积一定比表面积大。()(2)圆柱的高不变,底面半径扩大到原来
6、的圆柱的高不变,底面半径扩大到原来的2倍,它的体倍,它的体积也扩大到原来的积也扩大到原来的2倍。倍。()易错点:易错点:体积和表面积单位不同,无法比较。体积和表面积单位不同,无法比较。易错点:易错点:底面半径扩大到原来的底面半径扩大到原来的2倍,底面积扩大到倍,底面积扩大到原来的原来的4倍,高不变,体积应扩大到原来的倍,高不变,体积应扩大到原来的4倍。倍。(3)两个圆柱,底面积大的体积也一定大。两个圆柱,底面积大的体积也一定大。()易错点:易错点:体积由底面积和高两个量决定。体积由底面积和高两个量决定。作作 业业 请完成请完成典中点典中点的的“应用提升练应用提升练”和和“思维思维拓展练拓展练”
7、习题,具体内容见习题课件。习题,具体内容见习题课件。第第2课时课时 圆柱的体积圆柱的体积探究点探究点2 圆柱体积计算公式的应用圆柱体积计算公式的应用底面半径:底面半径:金箍棒底面周长是金箍棒底面周长是12.56cm,长是,长是200cm。这根金箍棒的。这根金箍棒的体积是多少立方厘米?体积是多少立方厘米?12.563.1422(cm)底面积:底面积:3.142212.56(cm3)体积:体积:12.562002512(cm3)如果这根金箍棒是铁制的,每立方厘米的铁重如果这根金箍棒是铁制的,每立方厘米的铁重7.9g,这,这根金箍棒重多少千克?根金箍棒重多少千克?7.9251219844.8(g)1
8、9.8448(kg)答:这根金箍棒重答:这根金箍棒重19.8448千克。千克。小试牛刀小试牛刀(源于(源于典中点典中点)1一个圆柱形汽油罐,底面周长是一个圆柱形汽油罐,底面周长是6.28 m,高是,高是10 m。这个汽油罐的容积是多少立方米?如果每立方米汽这个汽油罐的容积是多少立方米?如果每立方米汽油重油重0.7 t,这个汽油罐最多可装汽油多少吨?,这个汽油罐最多可装汽油多少吨?6.283.1421(m)3.14121031.4(m3)0.731.421.98(t)答:这个汽油罐的容积是答:这个汽油罐的容积是31.4 m3,最多可装汽油最多可装汽油21.98 t。2一根圆柱形钢材,长一根圆柱形
9、钢材,长2 m,横截面的直径是,横截面的直径是10 cm。已知每立方厘米的这种钢材重已知每立方厘米的这种钢材重7.9 g,这根钢材重,这根钢材重多少千克?多少千克?2 m200 cm1025(cm)3145220015700(cm3)157007.9124030(g)124030 g124.03 kg答:这根钢材重答:这根钢材重124.03 kg。3一个圆柱形沙坑,从里面量得底面半径是一个圆柱形沙坑,从里面量得底面半径是2 m,深,深 1.5 m,在这个沙坑里填入,在这个沙坑里填入20 m3的黄沙,能填满吗?的黄沙,能填满吗?3.14221.518.84(m3)18.84 m320 m3答:能
10、填满。答:能填满。归纳总结:归纳总结:(讲解源于(讲解源于典中点典中点)求空心圆柱的体积,就是用底面环形面求空心圆柱的体积,就是用底面环形面积乘高。积乘高。小试牛刀小试牛刀(教材(教材P10练一练)练一练)4.光明村李大伯家挖一口圆柱形的水井,底面周长是光明村李大伯家挖一口圆柱形的水井,底面周长是3.14m,深,深4m。挖出了多少立方米的土?。挖出了多少立方米的土?3.14(3.143.142)243.14(m3)5.一个装满稻谷的圆柱形粮囤,底面面积为一个装满稻谷的圆柱形粮囤,底面面积为2m2,高为,高为 80cm。每立方米稻谷约重。每立方米稻谷约重600kg,这个粮囤存放的稻,这个粮囤存放
11、的稻 谷约重多少千克?谷约重多少千克?80cm0.8m20.8600960(kg)答:这个粮囤存放的稻谷约重答:这个粮囤存放的稻谷约重960千克。千克。6.下面的长方体和圆柱哪个体积大?说说你的比较方下面的长方体和圆柱哪个体积大?说说你的比较方法。法。因为长方体和圆柱的高相等,所以比较它们因为长方体和圆柱的高相等,所以比较它们底面积的大小,即可得到体积的大小关系。底面积的大小,即可得到体积的大小关系。4416(dm2)3.142212.56(dm2)因为因为1612.56,所以长方体的体积大。,所以长方体的体积大。7.如图,求出小铁块的体积。如图,求出小铁块的体积。2cm2cm10cm3.14
12、(102)22157(cm3)8.请你设计一个方案,测量并计算出请你设计一个方案,测量并计算出1枚枚1元硬币的体积。元硬币的体积。略。略。易错辨析易错辨析(选题源于(选题源于典中点典中点)4小红的做法对吗?若不对,请改正。小红的做法对吗?若不对,请改正。一个圆柱形水桶,从里面量,底面周长是一个圆柱形水桶,从里面量,底面周长是6.28 dm,高是高是2 dm,这个水桶最多能装水多少升?,这个水桶最多能装水多少升?小红的做法:小红的做法:6.28212.56(dm3)12.56 L答:这个水桶最多能装水答:这个水桶最多能装水12.56 L。易错点:易错点:能装水多少升是求体积,应用底面积能装水多少
13、升是求体积,应用底面积乘高。乘高。不对。改正:不对。改正:6.283.1421(dm)3.141226.28(dm3)6.28 L答:这个水桶最多能装水答:这个水桶最多能装水6.28 L。版权申明本文部分内容,包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理.版权为个人所有This article includes some parts,including text,pictures,and design.Copyright is personal ownership.用户可将本文地内容或服务用于个人学习、研究或欣赏,以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途,但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定,不得侵犯本
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33、al ownership.用户可将本文地内容或服务用于个人学习、研究或欣赏,以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途,但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定,不得侵犯本网站及相关权利人地合法权利.除此以外,将本文任何内容或服务用于其他用途时,须征得本人及相关权利人地书面许可,并支付报酬.Users may use the contents or services of this article for personal study,research or appreciation,and other non-commercial or non-profit purposes,but at the sa
34、me time,they shall abide by the provisions of copyright law and other relevant laws,and shall not infringe upon the legitimate rights of this website and its relevant obligees.In addition,when any content or service of this article is used for other purposes,written permission and remuneration shall
35、 be obtained from the person concerned and the relevant obligee.转载或引用本文内容必须是以新闻性或资料性公共免费信息为使用目地地合理、善意引用,不得对本文内容原意进行曲解、修改,并自负版权等法律责任.Reproduction or quotation of the content of this article must be reasonable and good-faith citation for the use of news or informative public free information.It shall
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37、业性或非盈利性用途,但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定,不得侵犯本网站及相关权利人地合法权利.除此以外,将本文任何内容或服务用于其他用途时,须征得本人及相关权利人地书面许可,并支付报酬.Users may use the contents or services of this article for personal study,research or appreciation,and other non-commercial or non-profit purposes,but at the same time,they shall abide by the provisions o
38、f copyright law and other relevant laws,and shall not infringe upon the legitimate rights of this website and its relevant obligees.In addition,when any content or service of this article is used for other purposes,written permission and remuneration shall be obtained from the person concerned and t
39、he relevant obligee.转载或引用本文内容必须是以新闻性或资料性公共免费信息为使用目地地合理、善意引用,不得对本文内容原意进行曲解、修改,并自负版权等法律责任.Reproduction or quotation of the content of this article must be reasonable and good-faith citation for the use of news or informative public free information.It shall not misinterpret or modify the original intention of the content of this article,and shall bear legal liability such as copyright.