1、一、议论文专题一、议论文专题1（举例论证）（举例论证）作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意，提出若干理由，试图说服他人，这种通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张的文体叫议论文。论证方法：一、例证法一、例证法 example例证法也叫事例论证，是用令人信服的典型事例典型事例来证明自己论点正确的一种方法。即，所举的能证明论点的具体事例具体事例、概括概括事实、事实、各种现象各种现象、统计数据统计数据，及作者对此所做的分析及作者对此所做的分析，合为举例论证。它是议论文写作中最常用的一种论证方法。（事例和摆事实论证）“事实强于雄辩”，在典型的事例面前，道理不言而喻。二、比较法二、比较法 比较法也是一
2、种常见的论证方法，分对比与类比两种。、类比法、类比法 所谓类比，就是借助某个或某几个类似的故事、实例或写作者安排的情境，进行由此及彼的推理。、对比法、对比法 comparison 所谓对比，就是把正反两方面的论点和论据加以剖析对照，达到否定错误观点，树立正确论点的目的。三、引证法三、引证法 quotation引证法也叫道理论证道理论证，是通过引用名人名言、古诗名人名言、古诗文名句、反映科学规律的俗语谚语警句文名句、反映科学规律的俗语谚语警句等来证明自己观点正确可信的一种论证方法。四、喻证法四、喻证法 喻证法是用设喻来论证论点的方法。在议论文中，设喻可以使论点更易懂、更风趣、更容易获得读者的认同
3、。喻证法能化抽象为具体、化艰深为浅显、化枯燥为生动。议论文的写作要注意以下几点：1.准确找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系，即找出要点；2.合理安排材料的顺序，即论点、论据和结论之间的表述方式；3.注意文章的时态、语态等。议论文常用一般现在时，但述说过去的事实时，可用过去时态；预测将来时，要用将来时态；也经常使用被动语态；有时假设一种虚拟情况时，还需要用虚拟语气。议论文议论文专题1例证法（1）举例论证（具体事例）正面案例范文1 当自己和别人观点不一致时，是放弃还是坚持自己的意见范文 2 2014年山东卷 患难见真情/有志者事竟成 范文3 2014年湖北卷 Small Things make a
4、Difference范文4 2014年福建卷 对一句名言的理解 反面案例范文3 早起的鸟儿有虫吃（基础篇）（2）列事实，讲道理论证（概括事实、各种现象、统计数据）范文1 2014年上海卷栏目增减及其理由（书信体）范文2 2014年浙江卷 向学校图书馆推荐新书范文3 2013上海卷为博物馆画展推荐场所范文4 时间比金钱重要范文5 责任心的重要性范文6 如何将坏心情变为好心情(2009年江西卷改编)专题2 对比论证结论或建议类（对比论证为主）范文1 网上交友的利弊范文2 网购的利弊范文3 B1M6 上网利弊（提纲类）范文4 上网利弊表格类范文5 介绍鼠标的利弊(2009年江苏卷改编)范文6 手机的
5、利弊范文7 禁止乞丐在地下人行道行乞留宿范文8 B6M5 克隆人利弊范文9 学生外出郊游讨论介绍及个人看法范文10 填志愿先考虑选学校还是选专业以及理由 说明文说明文 说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。变化或结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有：方方位地点（国家、小地方）介绍、位地点（国家、小地方）介绍、社会现象、社会现象、指导如何做指导如何做事、事、文化习俗介绍、文化习俗介绍、节日介绍、节日介绍、变化或异同介绍变化或异同介绍、兴趣兴趣爱好介绍、爱好介绍、计划说明、购物指南，产品介绍和操作说明等。写作这类文章需注意以下几点：
6、1.首先要读题审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点。2.写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、对比法、分类法和因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。3.时态常用一般现在时，当然若是介绍其历史时，要用一般过去时；语态可能用到被动语态；若是介绍地点、环境等，要善于运用there be结构。在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请以以“When I Have a Different Opin
7、ion”用英语写一篇用英语写一篇100-120词的短文。要求词的短文。要求如下：如下：1.从以上两种做法中选择一种；从以上两种做法中选择一种；2.以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。同学姓名等真实信息。审题审题：体裁：时态：人称：要点：议论文议论文+记叙文记叙文一般现在时+一般过去时第一人称+(第三人称)1.在班级活动中，当我的想法与大多数同学不一致时，我是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，(/尊重大多数同学的意见)2.我自己的做法和理由3.举出具体事例来阐述我做出的选择和理
8、由4.总结在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请以己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请以“When I Have a Different Opinion”用英语写一篇用英语写一篇100-120词的短文。要求如下：词的短文。要求如下：1.从以上两种做法中选择一种；从以上两种做法中选择一种；2.以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。要点要点1.在班级活动中，当我的想法与大多数同学不一致在班级活动中，当我的想法与大多数同学不一致时，我坚持自己的观点并
9、说服别人，（或尊重大多数同时，我坚持自己的观点并说服别人，（或尊重大多数同学的意见）学的意见）1._.2._.3._.2.我自己的做法和理由_There are chances that In class activities,we often meet some situation that1.When faced with the situation,I ,because I think 2.坚持自己的意见坚持自己的意见When I have a better idea,I would choose to stick to it（坚持）（坚持）.By doing so,I can.We m
10、ay have different opinions in organizing class activities.3.放弃自己的意见放弃自己的意见When I have a different opinion,I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority（大多数人）（大多数人）.The main reason for my choice is that3.具体事例阐述你选择的理由_4.总结：1._2._So,according to this experience,I believe sometimes
11、giving up a little can mean getting more.Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.Once we 范文一范文一 When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.When I have a better idea,I
12、 would choose to stick to it.By doing so,I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.Once we were discussing where to go for an outing.Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.I managed to persuade my classmat
13、es into accepting my idea.We did have a good time that day.So I think good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.范文二：范文二：When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.When I have a different opinion,I may choose to give it up a
14、nd respect the opinion of the majority.The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism(受受集体主义文化熏陶集体主义文化熏陶),I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.为了集体利益，我更愿意牺牲自己个人的喜好。Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go
15、to a museum.I would love to go to a museum,but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.Without hesitation,I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.So,according to this experience,I believe sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.坚持自己的观点坚持自己的观点 Different people
16、 have different ideas.In class activities,we often find that our ideas are different from most of students.But in my opinion,we should insist on our ideas and try to get others agreement,because our thoughts may be a good idea.(钟杰杨钟杰杨)理由充分理由充分 For example,our class has a mountain climbing activity.A
17、nd when we were on the half way of the mountain,it seemed to rain.So I suggested that we should stop and not keep going.But other students wanted to keep climbing.In the end,I insisted on my opinion and persuaded other students.I succeeded and when we arrived at the foot of the mountain,it began to
18、rain.However,because of my insistence,all of us were in good condition.(唐金凤，李卓唐金凤，李卓)亮点：亮点：1.记叙过程描述思路清晰，结构完整，过渡词用得好记叙过程描述思路清晰，结构完整，过渡词用得好 2.做了恰当的点评做了恰当的点评 不足之处：不足之处：单词拼写错误，虚拟语气误用单词拼写错误，虚拟语气误用坚持自己的观点坚持自己的观点 Sometimes,you may have a different opinion with other people,and what would you do?Insist on y
19、our opinion or give it up to follow the others？When we have an activity in our class,different people often have different ideas.As a monitor,I often have my own idea,and I would insist on it.I think everyone has the right to insist on your own opinion,as long as it is r for good for your classmates
20、 and yourself.（我的选择及理由）（我的选择及理由）.(赖琪友赖琪友)本段亮点本段亮点：开篇新颖：开篇新颖,观点明确，理由充分观点明确，理由充分 放弃自己的观点，服从大多数人的意见放弃自己的观点，服从大多数人的意见 Different people have different ideas in organizing class activities.I would choose to give up my idea and follow others opinion.（优点：简洁，准确）（优点：简洁，准确）The reason is that group benefits are
21、 more important than individuals.Once our class decided to go out and have a picnic or watch a movie.I liked to go to watch a movie(更改更改为为I preferred the second choice),but my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.We had an argument,but in the end,I gave up my view and followed them.We enjoyed oursel
22、ves that day.So it means everyone had a good time.(李凤李凤)According to this experience,I understand sometimes whose idea you insist on is not important,but being happy is of vital importance and giving up means getting more.(黄黄丹丹)句式优美，观点独特句式优美，观点独特本段亮点：本段亮点：1.记叙过程描述思路清晰，结构完整，过渡记叙过程描述思路清晰，结构完整，过渡词用得好词用
23、得好 2.做了恰当的点评做了恰当的点评放弃自己的观点，服从大多数人的意见放弃自己的观点，服从大多数人的意见 There is no doubt that I will give up my view and listen to others opinion.Because I think that group benefit is more important than individuals.And then,I think it will take a long time to persuade other students.Its so bad for us to waste time
24、on this thing.(徐晓鑫徐晓鑫)In fact,I prefer to follow others instead of persuading them,because it must take l long time to communicate with them and persuade them.So wasteful a thing it is!(谭语嫣谭语嫣)because the class benefit is more important than individuals.And I cant break this fascinating atmosphere.L
25、ast but not least,I believe the opinion that other students come up with is better than mine.（郑杰）郑杰）三个不同层面的理由三个不同层面的理由句式优美，理由充分而独特句式优美，理由充分而独特 So,when I have a different opinion,I would follow others，which makes everyone happy.(陈静陈静)A.放弃自己的观点，服从大多数人的意见放弃自己的观点，服从大多数人的意见 开篇-Different people have diffe
26、rent ideas in our class activities.At that moment,most of time,I can support most of students,while others insist on their own ideas,because I think that others ideas may be better than mine in that sight.And if I support that,the activity will become possibly perfect.（陈茜）（陈茜）理由描述调理由描述调理清晰，过渡自然。理清晰，
27、过渡自然。结尾结尾-From that moment on,I have got friendship because of my open-minded behavior(慷慨的行为慷慨的行为).And I understand the group benefit is more important than individuals.So I dont think following others opinion is a bad thing.（陈茜）（陈茜）B.坚持自己的观点坚持自己的观点 结尾结尾-I think we will face a lot of such kind of situations,we should carefully compare the ideas,from the good and bad aspects,and decide to how to do it.（杨樊尼）（杨樊尼）亮点：结论描述语言精辟且新颖独特亮点：结论描述语言精辟且新颖独特
