1、2021届全国新高考英语复习备考时态与语态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，常见的九种一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时时态1)表示经常性或习惯性动作Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.Hegoestoschooleveryday.2)表示现在的特征或状态Heisveryhappy.Doyousing?-Alittle.3)表示普遍真理Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光速比声速快。Actionsspeaklou
2、derthanwords.行动胜过言语。常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often,usually,sometimes,everyday,everymorning/afternoon,onSundays/weekends等等。IoftengotothecinemaonSundays.我经常星期天去看电影。Hegoestoworkearlyeveryday.他每天上班很早。一般现在时*beto+v表示计划安排要做的事，具有必要的强制性意义。Iamtoplaytennisthisafternoon.*beaboutto+v表示即将发生的事情。Hewasabouttostart.*beduet
3、o+v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。Thetrainisduetodepartintenminutes.少数动词如：begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。（多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语）。Themeetingbeginsatseven.Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.一般过去时(did)（1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。Wewenttoth
4、epictureslastnightandsawaveryinterestingfilm.（2）表示过去习惯性动作。Healwayswenttoclasslast.Iusedtodomyhomeworkinthelibrary.一般将来时(will/shalldo)1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。Ishallgraduatenextyear.2）一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。Cropswilldiewithoutwater.Youwontsucceedwithouttheirsupport.3)几种替代形式：*begoingto+v在 口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发
5、生的事情。Imgoingtobuyahousewhenwevesavedenoughmoney.现在进行时(is/aredoing)1）表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作。常与现在进行时连用的词组是now，rightnow，atthemother，forthetimebeing，forthepresent,或某个具体的时间（几点钟）。Heiswritingaletternow.SheisvisitingBeijingthisweek.2）有时用来代替一般现在时态，表示一个经常性动作或状态，这时是为了表示一种感情（如赞叹，厌烦，满意，不满等）Heisalwaysthinkingofhiswo
6、rk.(表示赞许)Theboyisalwaystalkinginclass.（表示不满）3)有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有一个表示未来的时间的状语）WeareleavingonFriday.我们星期五动身。Howmanyofyouarecomingtotheparty?现在完成时（have/hasdone）（1）现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作（常与yet，already，just连用），或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况（常与for，since连用）。Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.Maryhasbeenillfo
7、rthreedays.（2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since,for,during,over等引导出的短语；副词already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等；状语词组thisweek(morning,month,year),sofar,uptonow,manytimes,uptothepresent 等。Sofar,shehasntenjoyedthesummervacation.Therehavebeenalotofchangessince1978.（3）完成时态可用在下列结构中：*This(That,It)is(w
8、as)thefirst(second.)time+定语从句；*This(That,It)is(was)theonly(last)+n+定语从句；*This(That,It)is(was)+形容词最高级+n+定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。Thisisoneoftherarestquestionsthathaveeverbeenraisedatsuchameeting.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeonehadinterruptedm
9、ethatevening.过去进行时(was/weredoing)过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。Wewerediscussingthematterwhentheheadmasterentered.WheneverIvisitedhim,hewasalwayswritingatthedesk.过去完成时(haddone)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作
10、之前已经完成。WehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenTomcamein.Bytheendoflastyeartheyhadturnedout5,000bicycles.动词expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,suppose,wish,want,desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。Ihadmeanttotakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.另外两种表示过去想做而未做的事的表达方式是：was/were+tohavedonesth,Weweretohavecomeye
11、sterday,butwecouldnt.intended(expected,hope,meant,planned,supposed,wished,wanted,desired)+tohavedonesth,Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：1）hardly,scarcely,barely+过去完成时+when+过去时。HardlyhadIgotonthebuswhenitstartedtomove.2）nosooner+过去完成时+than+过去时。NosoonerhadIgoneoutthanhecam
12、etoseeme.3）by(theendof)+过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。Theexperimenthadbeenfinishedby4oclockyesterdayafternoon.一般过去将来时1.一般过去将来时的形式Should/would+动词原形was/were+动词-ing形式2.一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，其主语的谓语动词为过去时态，可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情，Hesaidthathewouldspeakatthemeeting.Hewassixty-eight.Intwoyearshewouldbeseventy.现在完成进行时(has/havebee
13、ndoing)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaventfoundit.(一)在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态，Wellgivehimthebookifhewantsit.Hedecidedtofightbackifhewashitagain.IllcallyouassoonasIvefinishedmywork.(二)时态的一致（时态的呼应），Wesawthatthesmokewascomingfromawindow.Ididntknowif
14、shewouldcome.Headmittedthathehadbeenonthemarch.*不进行时态调整的情况：1）从句说的是一种普遍真理，Longago,peopledidntknowtheearthmovesroundthesun.2）当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会，Didhesaythatthetrainleavesat5:30?要注意的问题（三）瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用，误：Ihavereceivedherletterforthreemonths.正：Ireceivedherletterthreemonthsago.正：ItisthreemonthssinceIreceiv
15、edherletter.（四）注意某些要求一定时态的句型*was/weredoingsth.when.didsth.Iwasreadingabookwhenthebellrang*was/wereabouttodosth.when.didsth.Wewereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.Shewasabouttogooutwhenitstartedtorain*表示做事做了第几次或共几次，要用完成时态，ItsthefirsttimeIveseenher.Wehavebeentherethreetimes.*Itis/hasbeen.since.Itis(ha
16、sbeen)twoweekssinceIcamehere.Shesaiditwasfivehourssinceshehadfinishedherwork.*hardly.when.Wehadhardlygotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.Hardlyhadwegotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.*nosooner.than.Ihadnosoonercomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.NosoonerhadIcomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动
17、语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weuseelectricitytorunmachines.（主动语态）Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（被动语态）1不能用于被动语态的动词和短语在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词（包括短语）容易引起误用。appear,belong,belong,die,escape,fall,happen,last,remain,succeed,occur,cometrue,takeplace,consistof。某些表示状态或特征的及物动词也没有被动语态，become,contain,c
18、ost,fit,have,resemble,suit语态常用的被动语态有下表所列的几种时态形式一般 amasked,ambeingasked,isasked,isbeingasked,areasked,arebeingasked过去 wasbeasked,wasbeingasked,werebeasked,werebeingasked将来 shallbeasked,shallhavebeenasked,willbeasked,willhavebeenasked过去shouldbeasked,shouldhavebeenasked将来wouldbeasked,wouldhavebeenasked
19、短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasarrivedat.Alltherubbishshouldbegotridof.get+-ed分词的被动语态get+-ed分词结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.另外，get+-ed分词还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。getdressed（穿衣服）getdivorced（离婚）getengaged（订婚）getcon
20、fused（迷惑不解）getlost（迷路）getwashed（洗脸）getmarried（结婚）5被动语态与系表结构的区别（1）Thenovelwaswellwritten.（系表结构）（2）ThenovelwaswrittenbyDiskens.（被动语态）6不能用于被动语态的及物动词have,fit,hold,lack,cost.Ihaveacomputer.Thehallcanhold200people.7.主动性式表被动意义当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、
21、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布易洗。Thesenovelswontsellwell.这些小说不畅销。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。Thedoorwontlock.门锁不上。Thefishsmellsgood.鱼闻起来香。当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.want,require,need后面的动名词用主动
22、表示被动含义。beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisntfittodrink.Thegirlisnteasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动1(2017北京高考)_ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes.They are happy with it.ADid you call BHave you called C
23、Will you call DWere you calling2(2017江苏高考)Hes been informed that he_ for the scholarship because of his academic background.Ahasnt qualified Bhadnt qualified Cdoesnt qualify D.wasnt qualifying3(2019南京、盐城模拟)“Give me a supportive point，”Archimedes once said，“and a place to stand and I _ the world.”Amo
24、ved Bmove Cwill move Dwould move高频考点一：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来时1(2017北京高考)_ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes.They are happy with it.ADid you call BHave you called CWill you call DWere you calling 你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话，问问他们认为我们的产品怎么样？根据句子中的时间状语yesterday可知，应该使用一般过去时。A2(2017江苏高考)Hes been
25、informed that he_ for the scholarship because of his academic background.Ahasnt qualified Bhadnt qualified Cdoesnt qualify D.wasnt qualifying 他已经被通知，由于他的学术背景，他没能获得奖学金资格。由主句has been informed可知应表示现在时态。由句意可知他现在不合格是客观事实，故用一般现在时。C 3(2019南京、盐城模拟)“Give me a supportive point，”Archimedes once said，“and a pla
26、ce to stand and I _ the world.”Amoved Bmove Cwill move Dwould move 阿基米德曾说：“给我一个支点，我就可以撬动地球。”此句含有条件意味，空处应用一般将来时，C4(2017天津高考)I_ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.Awas drivingBhave drivenCwould drive Ddrove5(2016北京高考)Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.Aworks B
27、has worked Cwas working Dwould work6(2020届高三南京、盐城模拟)Do you think Im a good surfer?Of course!I _ you earlier.You made it look so easy,graceful even.Aam watching Bwas watching Chave watched Dhad watched高频考点二：现在进行、过去进行、将来进行4(2017天津高考)I_ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
28、Awas drivingBhave drivenCwould drive Ddrove 我正开车去伦敦时，突然发现走错路了。固定句型：be doing sth.when.“正在做某事，就在这时突然”。A5(2016北京高考)Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.Aworks Bhas worked Cwas working Dwould work 停电的时候，杰克正在实验室工作。根据后面的动词occurred可知，这里指过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，所以用过去进行时。C6(2020届高三南京、盐城模拟)Do you think Im a go
29、od surfer?Of course!I _ you earlier.You made it look so easy,graceful even.Aam watching Bwas watching Chave watched Dhad watched 我过去一直在观察你，你上次冲浪显得很容易，甚至可以说是优雅。本句表示过去一段时间里一直在做的事，故用过去进行时。B7(2020届高三南通调研)Can I visit you next Saturday afternoon,doctor?Er,let me see.Oh no,I _ an operation for the whole af
30、ternoon.Ahave performed Bhave been performingCwill be performing Dwill have performed7(2020届高三南通调研)Can I visit you next Saturday afternoon,doctor?Er,let me see.Oh no,I _ an operation for the whole afternoon.Ahave performed Bhave been performingCwill be performing Dwill have performed “医生，下星期六下午我能拜访你
31、吗？”“嗯，让我看看哦，不行，我整个下午都会在做手术。”根据语境可 知，这里表示将来某一时间正在发生的动作，故用将来进行时。C8(2018江苏高考)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other,for we_ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.Ahave developed Bhad developed Cwill have developed Ddeveloped9(2016浙江高考)Silk _ one of the primary goods
32、 traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.Ahad become Bwas becoming Chas become Dis becoming10(2016天津高考)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I _ for years.Adidnt see Bhavent seen Chadnt seen Dwouldnt see高频考点三：现在完成、过去完成、将来完成8(2018江苏高考)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing
33、 each other,for we_ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.Ahave developed Bhad developed Cwill have developed Ddeveloped 在2025年我们有希望不用再互相发电子邮件了，因为到那时我们将已经研制出更方便的电子交流工具了。根据句中的“in 2025”以及“by then”可知，空处应用将来完成时，C9(2016浙江高考)Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by ab
34、out 100 BC.Ahad become Bwas becoming Chas become Dis becoming 到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是“by过去时间”，表示过去的过去，谓语用过去完成时 A10(2016天津高考)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I _ for years.Adidnt see Bhavent seen Chadnt seen Dwouldnt see 我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末争取看完。根据后面的时态，可知“看小说”这个动作还没有
35、结束，而前半句给我们的暗示是“看小说”这个动作已经开始，所以表示已经发生了，一直延续到现在的动作，应该用现在完成时。B11(2016北京高考)I _ half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.Aread Bhave read Cam reading Dwill read11(2016北京高考)I _ half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.Aread Bhave read Cam reading Dwill rea
36、d 我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末争取看完。根据后面的时态，可知“看小说”这个动作还没有结束，而前半句给我们的暗示是“看小说”这个动作已经开始，所以表示已经发生了，一直延续到现在的动作，应该用现在完成时。B 12(2016江苏高考)Dashan,who _ crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.Awill be learning Bis learning Chad been learning Dhas been le
37、arning13(2016北京高考)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We _ here for more than two hours.Awaited Bwait Cwould be waiting Dhave been waiting高频考点四：现在完成进行、过去完成进行12(2016江苏高考)Dashan,who _ crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western standu
38、p tradition.Awill be learning Bis learning Chad been learning Dhas been learning 几十年来大山一直努力把中国式的传统喜剧形式相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。本句的时间状语是“for decades(几十年来)”，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本句强调动作的延续性和反复性，所以用现在完成进行时。D13(2016北京高考)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We _ here for more than two hours.Awai
39、ted Bwait Cwould be waiting Dhave been waiting “打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？”“星球大战，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。”“for时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。用所给词的适当形式填空1The more you talk to the children,the less they_(listen)2I_(finish)my work by the time you come.3In the past few centuries，the lighthouses along North Caro
40、linas coast_(recognize)as signs of safety for travelers at sea.4If more time_(give)to me，the problem will be worked out.5To our great relief,Jacks illness proved not to be as serious as we_(fear)1The more you talk to the children,the less they_(listen)2I_(finish)my work by the time you come.3In the
41、past few centuries，the lighthouses along North Carolinas coast_(recognize)as signs of safety for travelers at sea.4If more time_(give)to me，the problem will be worked out.5To our great relief,Jacks illness proved not to be as serious as we_(fear)1He broke the window，so he_(该受责备)2The new car _(属于)his
42、 brother.3There is something wrong with his computer and it _/_(需要修理)4The new novel written by Mo Yan is _(值得一读)5This kind of cake _(尝起来美味)and _(销路好)填空1He broke the window，so he was to blame(该受责备)2The new car belongs to(属于)his brother.3There is something wrong with his computer and it needs repairin
43、g/needs to be repaired(需要修理)4The new novel written by Mo Yan is worth reading(值得一读)5This kind of cake tastes good(尝起来美味)and sells well(销路好)翻译句子1我将一直把交通规则记在心里。(2013安徽书面表达)2我们跳起来，高兴地欢呼。(2013江西书面表达)3我一直忙于学习，很少帮助我的父母做家务。(2013陕西书面表达)4而且，时间表一旦制定，我们应该严格遵守。(2013四川书面表达)5据报道将在全球选择年龄至少18岁的30名志愿者，到2015年的时候被送到火星
44、上去。(2013广东基础写作)1我将一直把交通规则记在心里。(2013安徽书面表达)I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.2我们跳起来，高兴地欢呼。(2013江西书面表达)We jumped and cheered with joy.3我一直忙于学习，很少帮助我的父母做家务。(2013陕西书面表达)I have been busy with my study and seldom helped my parents with the housework.4而且，时间表一旦制定，我们应该严格遵守。(2013四川书面表达)Whats more，
45、once the timetable is made，we should follow it strictly.5据报道将在全球选择年龄至少18岁的30名志愿者，到2015年的时候被送到火星上去。(2013广东基础写作)It is reported that thirty volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the globe and sent to the Mars by the year of 2015.1What time is it?I have no idea.But just a
46、 minute，I it for you.(2014北京，31)Acheck BChecked Cwill check Dwould check 2Youd better write down her phone number before you it.(2014重庆，4)Aforget Bare forgetting Cforgot Dwill forget3James has just arrived，but I didnt know he until yesterday.(2014重庆，8)Awill come Bwas coming Chad come Dcame E.would c
47、ome4Hi，lets go skating.Sorry，Im busy right now.I in an application form for a new job.(2014北京，22)Afill Bhave filled Cam filling Dwill fill5Sofia looked around at all the faces：she had the impression that she most of the guests before.(2014浙江，11)Ahas seen Bhad seen Csaw Dwould see CABCB语法选择6She someo
48、ne，so I nodded to her and went away.(2014四川，9)Aphoned Bhad phoned Cwas phoning Dhas phoned7Whenever you a present，you should think about it from the receivers point of view.(2014湖南，34)Abought Bhave bought Cwill buy Dbuy8I found the lecture hard to follow because it when I arrived.(2014北京，32)Astarted
49、 Bwas starting Cwould start Dhad started9Havent seen you for ages!Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.(2014福建，23)Astayed Bstay Chad stayed Dam staying10Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.(2013北京，23)Ahad been
50、 made Bwas made Chas been made Dwould be made CDDAC1（2019天津）2.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it.A.had hoped B.am hopingC.have hoped D.would hope 2（2019天津）8.Amy as well as her brothers,_ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A.is giv
