1、Chapter 3 Muscular System 肌肉系统肌肉系统arteri/o-artery arterial pertaining to an arteryarteritis inflammation of arteryarteriology study of arteriesbi-twobiceps -ceps head,hence the muscle of two heads in the front of the upper armbimanual -manual hand,hence requiring using of both handsbilateral lateral
2、 side,hence,pertaining to two sidescortic/o-cortex,outer regioncorticospinal pertaining to the cerebral cortex and spinal cordcorticopleuritis pleur/o pleura(胸膜胸膜),hence,inflammation of the outer parts of the pleura cortical pertaining to a cortexdermat/o-skindermatitis inflammation of the skinderma
3、tomyositis my/o muscle,hence inflammation of skin and muscledermatology the science of the skin and its diseasesdys-bad;painful;difficultdystrophy troph nutrition or development,hence disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolismdysuria -uria urination,hence painful or difficult urinationdysp
4、epsia -pepsia digestion,hence imperfect or painful digestion-ectomy-surgical excision or removal of(切除切除)thymectomy thym/o thymus gland (胸腺胸腺),hence,surgical removal of the thymus gland.gastrectomy gastr/o stomach,hence surgical excision of the stomacharterectomy surgical removal of a part of an art
5、ery -emia-blood condition (血，血态血，血态)ischemia isch/o to hold back,hence local and temporary deficiency of blood supply-emia-blood condition (血，血态血，血态)leukemia leuk/o white,hence a disease characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocyte and their precusors in the tissues anemia condition in which th
6、ere is a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cellsextra-outside(外外)extracellular something pertaining to the outside of cellsextrafusal fusus spindle,hence pertaining to the outside of a spindle (肌梭外的肌梭外的)extraocular pertaining to the outside of the eye or vision fibr/o-fiber fibremia f
7、ibrin formed in the bloodfibrinosis -osis abnormal condition,hence excess of fibrin in the bloodfibrocyte -cyte cell,hence a mature,fiber-forming cellgen/o-producing;produced bygenetic pertaining to reproductiongenesis -sis state,condition,hence,act of reproducing;generationgeneration an act of form
8、ing a new organismhyper-above;excessivehypertension high blood pressurehypertrophy increase in size of an organ or structure that does not involve tumor formationhyperopia -opia vision,hence farsightednesshypo-deficient;below;underhypoglycemia glyc/o glucose,suger,hence deficiency of suger in the bl
9、oodhypothermia therm/o heat,temperature,hence,having a body temperature below normalhypotension low blood pressuremal-bad(不良；障碍不良；障碍)malnutrition lack of necessary or proper food substances in the bodymalformation abnormal shape or structuremalfunction defective functionmorph/o-shape;form(形态形态)morph
10、ology the science of structure and form without regard to functionmorphometry -metry measure;hence the measurement of forms of organismsamorphous without definite formmulti-manymultinucleate having more than two nucleimulticellular having more than two cellsmultimolecular having more than two molecu
11、lesmy/o-muscle(肌肌)myopathy any disease of striated musclesmyonecrosis necrosis death,hence death of muscle tissuemyocardium cardi/o heart,hence the muscle layer of the heartneur/o-nerve(神经神经)neuroscience any one of the various branches of science concerned with growth,development and function of the
12、 nervous systemneur/o-nerve(神经神经)neuropathy any disease of the nerveneuritis inflammation of a nerveocul/o-eye(眼眼)ocular pertaining to the eye or visionoculomycosis myc/o fungus,hence any disease of the eye or its parts caused by fungusoculist a physician who is a specialist in diseases of the eye-o
13、ma-tumor(肿瘤肿瘤)thymoma thym/o thymus,hence a tumor of the thymomamyoma a tumor containing muscle tissuefibroma a fibrous tissue tumor pelv/i-pelvic bone;pelvis(盆骨盆骨)pelvimeter device for measuring the pelvis pelvioscopy inspection of the pelvis pelvifixation surgical fixation of loose pelvic organspe
14、ri-surrounding(周；周围周；周围)peripheral pertaining to the surroundingpericardium the layer enclosing the heartperidental dent/i tooth,hence surrounding a tooth or part of itpolio-gray matter of brain or spinal cordpoliomyelitis myel/o spinal cord,hence inflammation of the spinal cordpoliomyelopathy any d
15、iseased condition of the gray matter of the spinal cordpolio-gray matter of brain or spinal cordpolioclastic -clast to break,hence pertaining to something that is destructive to gray matter of the nervous systemsarc/o-flesh(肌肉肌肉)sarcoplasm plasm substance of formation,hence the growth matter of musc
16、le (肌质、肌浆肌质、肌浆)sarcoma cancer arising from connective tissue such as muscle or bonesarcoid -oid resembling,hence resembling fleshten/o-tendon(腱腱)tendonous pertaining to a tendontendonitis inflammation of a tendontenotome -tome incision,hence the instrument for incision of a tendonthym/o-thymus(胸腺胸腺)
17、thymoma a tumor originating in epithelial tissue of the thymus glandthymocyte a cell in the thymus glandthymectomy surgical removal of the thymus glandtop/o-location;local positiontopography -graphy process of recording,hence,accurate description of part of the body topology a branch of anatomy deal
18、ing with a region of the bodytopologist an anatomist dealing with a body region tox/o;toxic/o-posion(毒毒)toxin -in a substance,hence a poisonous substancetoxicology the study of toxic substancetoxicopathy diseases caused by toxintri-threetriceps the muscle of three heads in the back of the upper armt
19、riad a group of three(三联征三联征)tricycle a cycle with three wheelstrans-across transverse versus a line or row,hence crossing from side to side along a line（横切的）（横切的）transmission mission send,hence sending from one (person)to anothertransmute mutare change,hence changing from one form to another-trophy-nourishment;developmentatrophy a decrease in size or wasting away of part of an organ or tissuedystrophy disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolismtrophic concerned with nourishment
