1、高三英语第一轮复习.1.2Complex sentence 复合句：复合句：由由连词连词连接两个或多个连接两个或多个主谓结构主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作，另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、（如主语、宾语、表语、定语定语、状语、同位语）。、状语、同位语）。复合句复合句=主句主句+定语从句定语从句另一个或一个以上的主谓结构另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作只在句子中作某个成分（定语）某个成分（定语）一个主谓结构是句子一个主谓结构是句子的的
2、主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句）The students(who do not study hard)will not pass the exam.主句主语主句主语从句主语从句主语从句谓语结构从句谓语结构主句谓语结构主句谓语结构Attributive clause:在句子中作在句子中作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。这种从句由的从句。这种从句由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，并作句子成分。引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做定语从句还叫做嵌入句嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句形容词性从句。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后
3、。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系关系代词代词指人指人who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)指物指物where(地点状语地点状语)关系关系副词副词when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)先行代词和关系词的关系先行代词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine=that2.The boy who broke the windo
4、w is called Tom.the boy=who关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boys=whose关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格4.The school where I study is far from my home.in the school=where.关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词5关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sent
5、ences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.6关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.a machine the machine.7关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.a machine that/which.8关
6、系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.9关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girl we saw yesterday is Mary.her.10关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.herThe girl we sa
7、w yesterday is Mary.11关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.herThe girl we saw yesterday is Mary.12关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girlherwe saw yesterday is Mary.13关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following senten
8、ces:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.herThe girlwe saw yesterday is Mary.14关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girl herwe saw yesterday is Mary.15关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girl heris Mary
9、.we saw yesterday.16关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girlthat/who/whomis Mary.we saw yesterday 注意避免重复注意避免重复.17关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.on the day=whenThis is the house where I lived last year.in the house=wher
10、eThere are many reasons why people like traveling.for the reasons=whyI dont like the way that you speak./in which/不接不接in the way=that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词.18The man that helped you is Mr White.This is the person(that)you want to see.A dictionary is a useful book that tells us the meaning of wor
11、ds.The film that we just talked about is very interesting.19A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words.The film which we just talked about is very interesting.Tom is late again,which makes his teacher very angry.Eric received training in computer for one year,after which he fo
12、und a job in a big company.20.211.that 与which2.2.关系代词与关系副词的区分关系代词与关系副词的区分3whose 的使用4 as4 as与与whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句5 关系代词前介词的确定6 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.221.that 与与whichthat1.Nothing _ can be done has been done.that2.Do you have anything _ you 先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,anything,everything,nothing,anythi
13、ng,dont understand?something,much,little,nonesomething,much,little,none等不定代词，引等不定代词，引导定语从句用导定语从句用thatthat.231.that 与与which1.This is the best TV _ is thatmade in China.that2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。.241.that 与与whichIve read all the b
14、ooks _ thatyou lent me.先行词被先行词被any,some,no,any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last very,only,last 修饰时修饰时,引导引导定语从句用定语从句用that that。.251.that 与与which1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio thatbroadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.A vict
15、im is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,that先行词中既有人又有事物时，先行词中既有人又有事物时，death,harm,etc.引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that.that.261.that 与与which1.Who _ you have ever seen thatcan do it better?WhoWho做先行词时，做先行词时，引导定语从句用引导定语从句用thatthat.271.that 与与which1.Her bag,in _ she put all whichher money,has been stolen.which2
16、.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang,with _ I went whomto the concert,enjoy it very much.在介词后面，指事物在介词后面，指事物用用whichwhich，指人用，指人用whomwhom.28The dictionary,the cover of which isred,is my birthday gift.The dictionary,whose cover is red,ismy gift.29?2.关系代词关系代词that,which 和关系和关系副词副词whe
17、n,where的区别的区别.301)1)、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。用什么关系副词看先行词。_when_I will never forget the days(_)I stayed with you)._where_Do you remember the library _(you first met your girlfriend？）？）whyPlease give me the reason _ _(you made such a great success)._2)定语从句没有宾语
18、?Yesterday we went to visit the house_(the great writer used to live).whereThe housethat/which_ (they built in 1987)stayed up in the earthquake.32Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.333 3）、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用）、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful placewhere_(flow
19、ers are seen all the year round).October 1stis the day _(whennew China was founded).Which was opened this morning)has been broken.The window(_ thatWhichwill be held next week)is very important.The meeting(_ that2(2)that,which与与why指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句的区分的区分中作主语或宾语，用中作主语或宾语，用which或或tha
20、t引导定语引导定语从句。从句。This is the reason _ whythat(=for which)I didnt come here.The reason _ she which/thatgave was not true.35This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.We are not satisfied with the reasonthat/which he gave us.36Exercise:2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.which及物动词
21、及物动词when/in which1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked toget3.I went to the placewhere/in whichI worked ten years a及物动词及物动词4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.whichwhy/for which5.This is the reason _ he was late.that/which6.This is the reason _ he gave.及物动词及物动词37介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The
22、 man whom you spoke was a scientist.toinThe city which she lives is far away.38介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2Are these two sentences right?toThe man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.in.39介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3Are these two sentences right?The man who/whom you spoke
23、was a scientitoinThe city that/which she lives is far away.可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后.40介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前.41介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习on which?1.Do you like
24、 the bookshe spent$10?for which?2.Do you like the book she paid$10?3.Do you like the book from whichshe learned a lot?4.Do you like the book about whichshe often talks?5.He built a telescopethrough whichhe could study the skies.42?6.There is a tall tree outside,under whichstands our teacher.?7.China
25、 has a lot of rivers,the second longest _of which?is the Yellow River.from which?8.The tower _ people can have a good view?is on the hill.?9.The man _ I spoke on the phone last night to whom?is very good at wrestling.?10.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,?most _ hadnt been cleaned for at le
26、ast a of whichyear.4 as 的使用的使用The earth is round,_ we all know.as_ is known to all,the earth is roundAs_ is known to all that the earth is Itround.定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as as,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的词一般是固定的.44as 的使用的使用1.It is very useful to master a foreign language,_ has been whichsa
27、id before.2 _ everyone hoped,Mary Asas as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，has won the first prize.句末，而句末，而which 引导定语从句不能引导定语从句不能放在句首放在句首.as译为正如，好像。，译为正如，好像。，which which 则没有此义。则没有此义。.45He married the girl，as(which)was natural.He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was.As was natural,he married the gi
28、rl.Tom is late again,which makes his teacher very angry.The earth travels around the sun,as is well known to us all.46as 的使用的使用?This is the same book as I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。?This is the same book that I lost.这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。.47as 的使用的使用This is such an interesting book _ aswe all
29、 like.This is so interesting a book _ as定语从句定语从句we all like.这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。本书。.48as 的使用的使用This is such an interesting book _we all like it.thatThis is so interesting a book _we all like it.that结果状语从句结果状语从句这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。.49We are facing the same problems as we did years
30、ago.Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as/so many words as a dog does.We hope to get such a tool as he is using.Hes such a good student as everyone likes.Hes such a good student that everyone likes him.50定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive At
31、tributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句.51限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别类别意义意义限定性限定性起限定作用。起限定作用。定语从定语从若省略，原句若省略，原句句句意义不完整意义不完整。功能功能修饰修饰先行先行词词形式形式关系代词关系代词无逗无逗2.作宾作宾号隔号隔语时可语时可开开以省略以省略有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开1.有有that 非限定非限定性定语性定语起补充说明作起补充说明作修饰先修饰先用。若省略，用。若省略，行词行词/从句从句原句意义不受原句意义不受整个句整个句子子.影响。影响。无无that 不可以不可以
32、省略省略52只用非限制性定语从句的情况：只用非限制性定语从句的情况：He was late again,which made his teacher very angry.当关系代词指代整个当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。主句内容时。.53只用非限制性定语从句的情况：只用非限制性定语从句的情况：The moon,which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth,goes around the earth.当先行词指的是世界上当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。独一无二的事物时。.54Yesterday he left America,where h
33、e had stayed for two years.先行词是人名、地名、先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有国名、建筑物等专有名词时。名词时。.55区别区别：I have a son who is a doctor.我有一个是医生的儿子（我有一个是医生的儿子（还有其他儿子还有其他儿子）I have a son,who is a docotor.我有一个儿子，他是医生。我有一个儿子，他是医生。（意指：（意指：我只有这一个儿子。我只有这一个儿子。）.56.57Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterda
34、y.to2.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.3.July 1,1999 is the day when thatwell never forget.58Correct the sentences:4.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.which5.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.who.59Correct the sentences:?6.This is the last time w
35、hen Ive given you lessons.that?7.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.why.60Correct the sentences:9.Taiwan,that we know,belongs to China.as10.The bike by which I travelled was his.on.61Correct the mistakes1.Under the big tree are 34 students,manyof them come from class two.whom2.My mot
36、her has a good book,which cover looks terrible.whose3.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.it4.There is an old woman,that is holding whoa stick.62.63.63.63.63.63根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，众所周知，20082008年北京将举办奥运年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会
37、努学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句注意：要使用定语从句.64As is known to all,Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games.English,which is an international language,plays an important part in communicating with foreigners.We Senior Three students should catch this opportunity to learn it well,by which we can make our contribution to the Olympic Games.65ThankThank youyouGoodbye.66ThankThank youyouGoodbye.66ThankThank youyouGoodbye.66ThankThank youyouGoodbye.66ThankThank youyouGoodbye.66
