1、第三讲说明文 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。(2013安徽卷)If you want to learn a new language,the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a 36 reason,such as your job or your studies?37 perhaps youre interested in the 38 ,films or music of a different country and y
2、ou know how much it will help to have a 39 of the language.真题示例 Most people learn best using a variety of 40 ,but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They 41 an environment where you can practice under the 42 of someone whos good at the language.We all lead 43 lives and learni
3、ng a language takes 44 .You will have more success if you study regularly,so try to develop a 45 .It doesnt matter if you havent got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years,but learning to get by takes 46 .Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“Im too 47 ,”they say.Yes,ch
4、ildren do learn languages more 48 than adults,but research has shown that you can learn a language at any 49 .And learning is good for the health of your brain,too.Ive also heard people 50 about the mistakes they make when 51 .Well,relax and laugh about your mistakes 52 youre much less likely to mak
5、e them again.Learning a new language is never 53 .But with some work and devotion,youll make progress.And youll be 54 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in 55 own language.Good luck!36A.technical Bpolitical Cpractical Dphysical 37A.After BSo CThough DOr 38A.literat
6、ure Btransport CagricultureDmedicine 39A.view Bknowledge Cform Ddatabase 40A.paintings Bregulations Cmethods Dcomputers 41A.protect Bchange Crespect Dprovide 42A.control Bcommand Cguidance Dpressure 43A.busy Bhappy Csimple Dnormal 44A.courage Btime Cenergy Dplace 45A.theoryBbusiness Croutine Dprojec
7、t 46A.some risksBa lot less Csome notes Da lot more 47A.old Bnervous Cweak Dtired 48A.closelyBquickly CprivatelyDquietly 49A.age Bspeed Cdistance Dschool 50A.worryBhesitate CthinkDquarrel 51A.singingBworking CbargainingDlearning 52A.ifBand Cbut Dbefore 53A.tiresome Bhard Cinteresting Deasy 54A.blame
8、dBamazed CinterruptedDinformed 55A.theirBhis Cour Dyour 说明文类完形填空的文章层次清晰,整体性强,所以,连接性词语和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往比较直白,写作脉络清晰,又没有很多感情因素的掺入,所以不会有过多的情感词汇。文本特点 一、2个应试策略 1利用说明文的首句查找说明主体 说明文一般开头点题,即作者往往在首句直接提出说明对象。这篇文章的首句为:If you want to learn a new language,the very first thing to think about is why.故文章说明的主题是“lea
9、rn a new language”。技法应用 2把握说明文的两种结构模式(1)总分式。包括“总分、分总、总分总”等具体形式。本篇文章采用“分总”模式,即先说明语言学习原因,采用什么样的方式,多大年龄,开始学习,然后总结语言学习绝非易事,但是当你用所学的语言和别人交流并且得到积极回应时就会感到惊喜。(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构,一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括:空间顺序从上到下,或者从外到内,或者从左到右,或者从南到北,或者从远到近,或者从中间到四周,或者从整体到部分;时间顺序按照时间先后顺序来安排,事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程;逻辑顺序有些说明文主要是剖析事理的,在说明时就按照事理的
10、逻辑关系进行安排,或者从主到次,或者从浅到深,或者从原因到结果,构成严密的条理性。二、3个解题步骤 第一步:通过短文首尾句抓主旨 说明文的篇首会出现话题中心,通过首段可把握文章的主题;而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。利用开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句可以概括出本篇文章的大意为:无论出于什么原因,无论以什么样的方式,无论多大年龄,开始学习语言绝非易事,但是,只要用心学习,用足时间,一定能成功。第二步:填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系 全文分四段,第一段介绍语言学习的原因,故36题学习语言实际的理由,第二段介绍语言学习方法,此段有三个意群,第一个意群为传统的课堂学习方法,第二个意群为养成一
11、种日常行为规则,其中心内容为:We all lead busy lives and learning a language takes time.You will have more success if you study regularly,so try to develop a routine.第三个意群为语言学习花费的时间。第三段介绍语言学习年龄,第四段总结为语言学习绝非易事,但是你付出时间和努力一定会成功。第三步:重览短文,查缺补漏 通读文章,检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误,同时填补遗留的空缺。语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为语言学习。无论出于什么原因,无论以什么样的方式,无论多大年
12、龄开始,学习一种新的语言绝对不是容易的。但是当你用所学的这种新语言和别人交流,并且得到积极回应的时候,你会感到很惊喜。36解析:句意为:你是出于哪种实际的原因而需要学习一种新语言的,比如工作或学习?A.技术的;B.政治的;C.实际的,实用的;D.身体的。答案:C 37解析:前一句提到两种原因,这一句又提到另外一种可能,所以用or表示选择。答案:D 38解析:该空应该和后面的films和music是同一类的事物,故选A项literature(文学)。B.交通;C.农业;D.医学。答案:A 39解析:view观点;knowledge知识;form形式;database数据库。have a know
13、ledge of the language掌握这门语言。答案:B 40解析:后面说传统的课堂学习是一种理想的开始方法,所以该空应该是说大家用“各种方法”去学习。答案:C 41解析:本句中的They指的是前文中的traditional classes,它们“提供”给人们学习的环境。答案:D 42解析:“在擅长这种语言的人的指导下学习”,也就是在老师的指导下学习。under the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下。答案:C 43解析:句意为:我们都过着繁忙的生活,学习语言也需要花费时间。lead a.lifelive a.life过着一种生活。答案:A 44解析:根据前半句可以得知。
14、答案:B 45解析:根据句意可以知道是“养成一种日常行为”。theory理论;business商务;routine例行公事,常规;project工程,项目。答案:C 46解析:句意为:流利地掌握一种语言需要花费几年的时间,但是学到过得去的程度花的时间就少多了。A.一些冒险;B.少得多;C.一些笔记;D.更多。get by勉强应付。答案:B 47解析:下文讲的是小孩和成年人学习语言的对比,所以许多人放弃学习新的语言因为他们觉得自己年龄“太大”了。答案:A 48解析:句意为:是的,小孩学习语言确实比成年人要快。故选B项。A.密切地;B.很快地;C.私人地;D.安静地。答案:B 49解析:上文一直在
15、说年龄的事情,所以这里应该是“在任何年龄”(at any age)。答案:A 50解析:句意为:我还听说人们在学习(语言)时担心他们会犯错误。A.担心;B.犹豫;C.考虑;D.争吵。答案:A 51答案:D 52解析:本题考查“祈使句and陈述句”这个特殊句型。该句型中的祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。本句可改为:If you relax and laugh about your mistakes,youre much less likely to make them again.答案:B 53解析:根据文章意思可以得知学习一种新的语言绝对是不容易的事情。答案:D 54解析:句意为:当你用他
16、们自己的语言说话,而且得到他们积极的回应时,你将会感到非常惊喜。blamed被责备;amazed惊奇的;interrupted被打断的;informed有见识的。答案:B 55解析:本题考查代词,指前面第三人称的some people,故选A项。答案:A(2013福建省普通高中质量检查)Mo Yans winning of Nobel Prize in Literature is bringing more confidence to the nations young authors.Mo became the heated 36 overnight in China after winni
17、ng the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature in Stockholm Thursday.His books 37 within several hours in the online bookstores Thursday and 38 in real bookstores Friday.The 39 generation of writers said they were highly 40 by the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.Meanwhile,many crit
18、ics(评论家)said young Chinese 41 ,unlike elder writers like Mo who often set stories under a historical background,were 42 concerned about the real world and lacking in social 43 as writers.“Most of the writers of Mos generation 44 their memories of living in the countryside,”said Jiang,a 23yearold wri
19、ter who 45 her first book at nine.“In Mos speech at Stanford University,he said that hunger and loneliness are the source(来源)of his 46 .”She added,“However,for a younger generation,its very easy to get access to books of 47 kinds,and also,its very easy to be famous.Therefore,its hard for them to 48
20、on their works”Another young writer Su De believes young authors have their own 49 .They can easily get access to world literature 50 reading foreign novels and communicating with authors 51 ,which was impossible for Mos generation when they were young.Huang,who has 52 200 foreign literary works to
21、China in the 53 decade,believes that Chinese Literature will 54 more international attention after Mo Yans win.“No matter 55 the outside world looks at Mo,he brings Chinese cultural messages to it through the new window,”Huang said.语篇解读莫言成为第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国人,与此同时,也引起了关于老一代作家和年轻作家的讨论。36A.topicBreport Cp
22、ost Dproblem 解析:一夜之间,莫言成了热门话题。topic话题,符合语境。答案:A 37A.went up Bdropped in Cmoved off Dsold out 解析:星期四网店里他的书在几小时内就卖完了,星期五实体店里的也卖完了。答案:D 38A.still Balso Cthus Dalready 解析:参见上题解析。also也,符合语境。答案:B 39A.first Bprevious Cyounger Delder 解析:根据下文中的“many critics(评论家)said young Chinese_41_”可知,此处选C项表示“年轻一代的作家”。答案:C
23、 40A.recommended Binspired Chonored Dpraised 解析:他们因第一个中国公民获得诺贝尔文学奖而很受鼓舞。inspire激励,鼓舞,符合语境。答案:B 41A.authorsBreaders CscholarsDwinners 解析:根据空后的“unlike elder writers”可知,此处应选authors。答案:A 42A.never Brather CevenDless 解析:此处表示“与像莫言一样的年长作家相比,年轻作家对真正的世界的关心和其社会责任感相对较少”,故用less。答案:D 43A.relationBfashion Cabilit
24、y Dresponsibility 解析:social responsibility意为“社会责任感”,符合语境。答案:D 44A.share Blose Crefuse Dstore 解析:莫言一代的许多作家有同样的生活在乡村的记忆。share有同样的经历(或想法、感情等),符合语境。答案:A 45A.read Breceived Cpublished Dtranslated 解析:一个在9岁时就出版(published)了她的第一本书的23岁的作家。答案:C 46A.brand Bworks Cprize Daward 解析:饥饿和孤独是莫言作品(works)的来源。答案:B 47A.va
25、riousBspecial Cstrange Dextra 解析:此处用various表示“各种各样的”。答案:A 48A.rely Binsist CfocusDremark 解析:年轻作家很容易出名,而一旦出名,他们就很难集中精力在他们的作品上了。focus集中(注意力、精力等),符合语境。答案:C 49A.faults Badvantages Crewards Dweaknesses 解析:根据下文内容可知,此处表示“年轻作家有他们自己的优势”,故选B项。答案:B 50A.by Bat Cof Dwithout 解析:他们可以通过阅读外国小说及与世界各地的作家交流轻易地接触到世界文学。b
26、y通过,符合语境。答案:A 51A.nationwide Bnowhere Cworldwide Dsomewhere 解析:参见上题解析。worldwide世界各地的,符合语境。答案:C 52A.returnedBapplied CexportedDintroduced 解析:Huang在过去的十年里向中国引进了(introduced)200部外国文学作品。答案:D 53A.next Bsecond Cpast Dfollowing 解析:根据句中的“has”可知,此处的动作已经完成,故应用in the past decade作时间状语。答案:C 54A.draw Bpay CseekDincrease 解析:此处考查固定搭配,draw ones attention吸引某人的注意力。答案:A 55A.which Bwhen Chow Dwhat 解析:无论外界怎样看待莫言。no matter how无论怎样,符合语境。答案:C