1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”u Stages of scientific research Find a problemAsk a questionThink of a methodCollect dataAnalyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceDraw a conclusionseven stages in scientific researchPhenomenon two theoriesmake an inv
2、estigationfind?other caseshow?Para1Para2Para3Para4Para5Structure of the passageRead the whole text quickly and match the main ideas.the second Snow had the_ of the pump removed.EActivity 3 Read for detailed information in Para.2&3It was believed that cholera was caused by _ or germs in _.ASnow _the
3、places where people who_ had lived.Bbad airfood or watermarked on died The pump water carried_.Dcholera germshandlea mapSteps in the researchMany deaths occurred near the _in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London af
4、ter _ _.Cwater pumphad notfrom the pumpdrinking waterSnow had the_ of the pump removed.EActivity 3 Read for detailed information in Para.2&3It was believed that cholera was caused by _ or germs in _.ASnow _the places where people who_ had lived.Bbad airfood or watermarked on died Many deaths occurre
5、d near the _in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _ _.Cwater pumphad notfrom the pumpThe pump water carried_.Dcholera germshandlea mapResearch methodtheoriesprocessevidenceconclusionsolutiondrinking water01
6、Careful reading1.used to be2.an outbreak of3.die from 4.become frustrated5.attended to6.in time7.give birth8.lose desire to9.once and for all1.过去常常是2.的爆发3.死于4.变得沮丧5.照顾，护理6.经过一段时间之后，迟早7.生孩子8.失去做某事的希望9.最终地，彻底地Para 1 phrasesCholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British
7、 doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome(overcome).This illness causes(cause)severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated(frustrate)because
8、no one knew(know)how to prevent(prevent)or treat cholera.In time(经过一段时间之后),he rose()to become a famous doctor,and even attended to(照顾)Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However,he never lost his desire to destroy(destroy)cholera once and for all(最终地).Para 1be severe on/with 对严厉be severe with oneself
9、 严于律己die away(声音、风或光)逐渐消失die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息die out 灭绝；消失by dying for/to do sth.渴望得到某物/做某事once and for all 最终地；彻底地相同含义的短语还有 once for all。how to get there how to do the experimentwhere to put this computer1.In general2.two contradictory theories3.germs in food or water 4.subscribe to5.be determined to
10、 do6.need proof7.began to investigate8.find out why9.in two particular street1.总的来说，大体上2.两种相矛盾的观点3.食物或水中的细菌4.同意5.决定做某事6.需要证据7.开始调查8.查明原因9.在两条特定的街道Para 2 phrasesIn general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain(explain)how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused(cau
11、se)the disease.Another was that cholera was caused(cause)by an infection(infect)from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof(prove).Consequently,when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate(investigate).He disco
12、vered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find(find)out why.Para 2infect vt.使感染；传染be infected with 感染上，传染上infectious adj.感染的，传染性的infected a.被感染的，受感染的subscription n.捐助；订阅；签署；同意subscriber n.订阅人so clever that
13、so hard thatso good a film thatso heavy a box thatsuch a lovely girl that1.mark on a map the exact place2.multiple deaths3.be to blame 4.as a result of this evidence5.be stopped in its track6.free beer7.move away from8.it seemed that1.在地图上标出特定的位置2.数量多的死亡3.应受责备4.由于这个证据5.在它的传播轨道上被停止6.免费的啤酒7.从.离开、搬离8.似
14、乎Para 3 phrasesSnow began by marking(mark)on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were(be)multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had h
15、ad no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given(give)free beer,and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame(blame).Para 3multiple n.倍数 adj.数量多的suspect vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任suspect sb.of doing sth.suspect that.suspect.to
16、 be/as 怀疑是（2）n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving(move)away from Broad Street.It seemed(seem)that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence,John
17、 Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed(remove)so that it could not be used(use).Through this intervention(intervene),the disease was stopped(stop)in its tracks.Para 3trackn.轨道;(人踩出的)小道，小径;(人、动物或车辆留下的)足迹，踪迹;车辙;（火车站的）站台;跑道
18、;（移动的）路径，路线，方向v.追踪;(尤指用特殊电子设备)跟踪;跟踪摄影;留下（脏）足迹;1.be infected by waste2.be polluted by raw waste3.drink pure or boiled water 4.water companies5.other cases of cholera6.be likely to do1.被废弃物感染2.被未经处理的废物污染3.喝纯净水或未煮沸的水4.供水公司5.另外的霍乱案例6.可能做某事Para 4 phrasesThe truth was that the water from the Broad Street
19、pump had been infected(infect)by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get(ge
20、t)cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.Para 41.through his tireless efforts2.the threat of cholera3.a substantial decrease 4.transform the way scientists study disease5.millions of people6.thanks to7.be considered(as/to be)1.通过他不懈的努力2.霍乱的威胁3.一个大幅度下降4.转变了科学家研究疾病的方式5.许多人6.幸亏，由于7.被认为是Para
21、5 phrasesThrough Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw(see)a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately,we now know how to
22、 prevent(prevent)cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered(consider)the father of modern epidemiology。Para 5【句式分析】本句是主从复合句。scientists study diseases 是定语从句，修饰 the way。the way
23、 后跟定语从句Is this the way（in which/that）you protect the endangered species?在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way 作先行词时有以下三种情况：During those times，music can help you in the same way（that/in which）it helped me.在那些时间里，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。（He found a way which/that led to success.他找到了一条通向成功的路。The way（that/which）he told me sounds
24、ridiculous，but I will give it a try.他告诉我的方法听起来很可笑，但我要试一试。单句语法填空(1)What surprised me was not what he said but the way _he said it.(2)No one will support the way _he mentioned at the meeting.(3)Is this the way _was against by many people?完成句子(4)The Smiths are praised for _（他们抚养孩子的方式）.(5)I dont know _（
25、汤姆是怎样从这样的大火中幸存下来的）.(in which/that)(that/which)which/thatthe way they bring up their childrenthe way Tom survived such a big firethe threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease 是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。无生命的名词+see/find/witness.经历、发生、见证、目睹某事The city has seen great changes since 1990.这个城市自 1
26、990 年以来发生了巨大的变化。有些动词，如 see，find，witness 等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时某事。Last year witnessed a severe shortage of food.去年食物严重缺乏。英汉互译这棵古树见证了人们生活水平的提高。_(2)晚上他在寂静的大街上独自徘徊。_(3)The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city._(4)The street light found the girl crying._The old tree has seen the improvement of peoples life.The quiet street found him wandering alone in the evening.我们城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。女孩在路灯下哭泣。
