1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists and Appositive Clause+同位语从句同位语从句In this class,you willidentify and summarize the form of the predicative clause and the appositive clause;get to know the meaning of the predicative clause and the appositive clause;use the clause to talk about science and scientists.The
2、Predicative Clauses01His diarrhea seems severe.The two policies are contradictory.This is a water pump.His job is to handle the problem.What do the sentences have in common in their structures?表语是表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语的，表语常由常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing-ing形
3、式、副词、形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式介词短语、形容词、不定式和和从句从句等来充当。等来充当。His diarrhea seems severe.The two policies are contradictory.This is a water pump.His job is to handle the problem.contradictoryTheory one:_caused by bad air Theory two:_caused by germs One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was th
4、at cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water._主语主语 系动词系动词 表语从句表语从句 表语从句是指_,紧跟在_之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。从句在句子中充当表语从句在句子中充当表语系动词系动词1.状态系动词：be 2.感官系动词：feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell 3.持续系动词：stand,lie,remain,keep,stay4.变化系动词：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,run,fall5.终止系动词：pro
5、ve,turn out 是.起来保持变得证明是.结果是.可以接表语从句系动词有：表语从句引导词的选择 The fact is _ inevitably she took out her frustrations on her son.Inevitably she took out her frustrations on her son.the factthat表语从句引导词的选择What I can see is _ the police are trained to defend themselves against attacks.The police are trained to def
6、end themselves against attacks.what I can seethat表语从句引导词的选择The question is _ they could handle the problem.They could handle the problem.the questionwhether从属连词：that、whether(不能用if)1.My belief is _I will succeed by working hard.2.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _one can be entirely fre
7、e from dust.雨季最令人愉快的事情是完全没有灰尘。3.The problem is _we can find them there.whetherthatthatthat在从句中不做成分，也没有实际意义，但不可省略；whether也不能省略，意思为：是否。表语从句引导词的选择He failed in the exam.Thats _ he felt frustrated.He felt frustrated.He failed in the exam.why表语从句引导词的选择He felt frustrated.Thats _he failed in the exam.He fel
8、t frustrated.He failed in the exam.because表语从句引导词的选择The question is _ she can transform her son into a strong-willed boy.She can transform her son into a strong-willed boy.the question ishow表语从句引导词的选择That is _ the jet took off.The jet took off.where表语从句引导词的选择What the authority wants to know is _ the
9、 fire broke out.The fire broke out.when连接副词：when、where、why、how1.This is _I dont agree with you.这就是我不同意你的地方。2.The question is _we can get in touch with him.问题是我们怎样才能和他联系上。3.That is _ I got wet through.那就是为什么我被淋湿了。when、where、why、how引导表语从句，在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式。wherehowwhy表语从句引导词的选择The most important t
10、hing is _ telescope can find the suitable planet to live in.The telescope can find the suitable planet to live in.whose表语从句引导词的选择What makes us curious is _ led to EDGs achieving fame.EDG achieved fame few days ago.what表语从句引导词的选择Face your fault bravely.whatThis is _ my mother has taught me-to face my
11、 fault bravely.表语从句引导词的选择The question is _ was suspected of stealing the money.They suspected someone of stealing the money.who关系代词：who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)1.You can be _ you want to be.2.The question is _ caused the accident.3.The most important thing is _ responsibility it is.who(ever
12、)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。whoeverwhosewhat表语从句引导词的选择He looked _ he had seen a ghost.as if他看起来好像见鬼了一样。表语从句引导词的选择Dark clouds are gathering.It seems _ it is going to rain.as if看起来好像要下雨了。注意：as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气；如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气。1.It sounds as if someone _ knocking at the
13、door.(与事实相符)2.Tom likes to talk big as if he _ an important person.(对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时，be动词用were)3.He opens his mouth as if he _ say something.(对将来的虚拟，用would/could/might+do)4.He talked about Rome as if he _ there.(对过去的虚拟，用had done)iswerewouldhad been1.如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示“建议建议”或者是或者是“命令命令”之类的
14、词如之类的词如advice,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等等,那么从句中的动词通常用那么从句中的动词通常用(should)+动词原形动词原形。1.My suggestion is that we all _(take)an active part in the coming sports meet.2.His proposal was that the work _(finish)in five hours.(should)be finished(should)takeAttention2.表示原因的句型：表示原因的句型：Thats/Its/Thiss
15、 becauseThats/Its/Thiss why The reason whyis that1.He was sent to the hospital.Thats he was ill.2.He was ill.Thats he was sent to the hospital.3.The reason he was sent to the hospital is he was ill.whybecausewhythat1.The fact was .事实是他没有做真正的努力。2.The question is .问题是这部电影是否值得看。3.she had known Millie f
16、or years.看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。4.My advice is as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。Complete the sentences.that he didnt really trywhether the film is worth seeingIt seemed as though/ifthat you(should)practise speaking English5.Thats .那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。6.The problem is .问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。7.That is .那就是我想让你在
17、这儿工作的原因。8.I was late for school this morning.last night.今天早上我上学迟到了。那是因为我昨晚睡得太晚了。where I first met herwho is really fit for the hard jobwhy I want you to work hereThats because I stayed up too lateAnswer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative
18、 clauses.P5 Ex.2Example What was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was_.how cholera could be overcomehow 意思为意思为“如何如何”，在表语从句中充当状语，在表语从句中充当状语1.What was Snows discovery in two particular streets in London?Snows discovery in two particular streets in London was _ t
19、hat the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.that 无意义，在表从中不充当成分无意义，在表从中不充当成分,起连接作用，不能省略起连接作用，不能省略3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map?The exact places Snow marked on the map were _where all those who died had lived.where 意思为意思为“的地点的地点”，在表从中充当状语，在表从
20、中充当状语4.What was the finding that Snow announced?Snows finding was _ that the pump water carried cholera germs./that the water pump water was to blame for the spread of cholera.that 无意义无意义，在表语从句中不充当成分，在表语从句中不充当成分,起连接作用，不能省略起连接作用，不能省略2.What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of c
21、holera in London?What Snow was determined to find out was _why the outbreak of cholera had caused over 500 deaths within ten days.why 意思为意思为“的原因的原因”，在从句中充当状语，在从句中充当状语 as if that what who when how why whose which whether A Absolutely.You may not believe it,but that was _happened at the initial stage
22、of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B Yes,it is.And it seemed _ all the theories were useful,but the fact was _ we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C Exactly.The problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding_ the
23、ory to depend upon.D We realised that what we cared about was not _ aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather _ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was _ we had to carry out the research in the first
24、place.whatPractice P5：Ex3.Complete Davids lines(A-E)as if thatwhetherwhich/what/whosewhich/whathowwhy Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_A_ Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_ Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critic
25、al importance.David:_ Maria This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some sold work.David:_ Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_思考：思考：1.对话语篇有哪些衔接手段？对话语篇有哪些衔接手段？2.如何选择，才能使对话进如何选择，才能使对话进行下去？行下去？衔接手段：衔接手段：logical connector逻辑纽带逻辑纽带grammatical connector语法语法lexical connector词汇词
26、汇CBED02Read the following sentences and pay attention to the Read the following sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts.underlined parts.1.Their friend,Danny Lin,was waiting at the airport.2.Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.3.He told me that his brother John was a world-famous
27、 doctor.同位语同位语：对句子某一成分对句子某一成分(名词名词)作进一步作进一步解释、说明解释、说明，在语法上和这一成分处于在语法上和这一成分处于同一同一地位。地位。1.I heard the news that we would have two days off this week.2.There is some doubt whether he is fit for the job.3.The question what we should do next is not clear.4.I have no idea where he has gone.5.She made a re
28、quest that we should help her.在复合句中，同位语从句跟在在复合句中，同位语从句跟在_词词(多数为抽象名多数为抽象名词词)后面，并对其进行后面，并对其进行_,即该从句在复即该从句在复合句中充当合句中充当_语，语，意为意为“即即.”.”。名名解释说明解释说明同位同位Circle the clauses in these sentences.同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词Usage of its Conjuctions 引导词的使用引导词的使用Conjunctions连接词连接词Conjunctive pronouns连接代词连接代词Conjunctive adv
29、erbs连接副词连接副词Meaning？意义Component？在从句所做成分that,whetherwhat,which,who,whom,whosewhen,where,how,whyDiscussion:Use conjunctions to fill the blank.连接词连接词that,whether1)He told me the news _ he wouldcome home from abroad soon.2)She was in doubt _ she had made the right decision.3)The news came _ the national
30、 team won the game.thatwhetherthat同位语从句同位语从句可以不紧跟可以不紧跟在在其解释说明的名词后。其解释说明的名词后。小结：小结：that:_ _意义、意义、_成分、成分、_省略，省略，只起连接作用只起连接作用whether:_ _意义、意义、_成分、成分、_省略省略无无不作不作不可不可有有不作不作不可不可只用只用whether引导引导,不用不用if。连接代词连接代词what,which,who,whom,whoseUse conjunctions to fill the blank.1)The question _makes the matter worse
31、 puzzles me.2)I have no idea _my classmate is speaking with.3)I have no idea _ he has said about the matter.4)They had no idea _ time they were supposed to arrive.5)He has some doubt _ one I should choose,the big one or the small one.6)She has no idea _ shoes it was.whatwho/whomwhatwhatwhichwhose小结：
32、连接代词小结：连接代词 _意义、意义、_成分、成分、_省略省略有有作作不可不可连接副词连接副词when,where,how,whyUse conjunctions to fill the blank.1)You have no idea _ worried I was!2)He has solved the problem _ the TV was out of order.3)The couple are discussing the question _ they should have their honeymoon next month.4)The decision _ they wi
33、ll leave for Beijing hasnt been made.howwhywhere/howwhen小结：连接副词小结：连接副词 _意义、意义、_成分、成分、_省略省略有有作作不可不可1.There is some doubt _we can finish the work on time.2.I have no idea _ is to be done next.3.We were very excited at the news _ our football team won.4.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _
34、 a cure for AIDS will be found.5.Do you have any idea _is actually going on in the classroom?6.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this weekend.7.I have no idea _.(他去了哪里）他去了哪里）8.They are thinking about the question_(怎么能够赢得怎么能够赢得)the competition.9.Please tell us the truth _.(谁为我们做的）谁为我们做的）whether what that that whatExercise:thatwhere he has gonehow they could winwho did that for us1.金版金版P17-192.Workbook P62 Ex.1
