1、common characteristicspassion creativitydevotionselflessness hard workWhatmakesgreatscientists?enthusiasticco-operativepersuasivepositivebrightstrictcautiousWhywasQianXuesencalled“thefatherofChinasaerospace”?Because no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xu
2、esen.TaskPredictionLookatthepicturesandthetitlesofthetexts.Canyoupredict:1.QianXuesen:Para.1A.Hispersonality.Paras.2-5B.Hisdeathandpeoplesappreciationofhim.Para.6C.Hispersonalhistoryandaccomplishments.Para.7D.Introduction.Reading for the main ideaReadthetextagainandmatcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.
3、B DCAPara 1THE FATHER OF CHINAS AEROSPACEPerhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on影响 Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit”who was patriotic and served his homeland with
4、 effort,achievement,and devotion奉献,Qian was an extremely非常 well-respected man.中国航天之父也许没有其他科学家能比钱学森对中国航天科学产生更大的影响。钱学森被钱学森传的作者描述为一个具有“伟大科学思想和科学能力”的人。他是一个爱国的人，他为祖国付出了努力、成就和奉献，他是一个非常受尊敬的人。Para 1Teachershaveagreatimpactonstudents.Notsleepingwellhasagreatimpactonhealth.Thiseventhadagreatimpactonhim.Para 2
5、Born in Hangzhou in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical mknkl 机械Engineering工程.However,after the Songhu Battle会战 broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation eve()n航空 because he realised that Chin
6、a needed its own powerful air force空军 to protect and defend dfend保卫 the country.钱学森1911年出生于杭州，曾在北京上学，后进入上海交通大学学习铁道机械工程。然而，在1932年淞湖会战爆发后，钱钟书决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。Para 3Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue攻读 his graduate studies.Over the course过程 of the 1930s and 1940s,Qian be
7、came a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology.As a graduate assistant sstnt助理 at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s,Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion prpln推进,and in the 1940s,he and several other people founded建立 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,n
8、ow one of NASAs leading space-exploration centres.1935年，钱学森前往美国攻读研究生。在20世纪30年代和40年代的过程中，钱成为了一个先驱。在美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术方面，20世纪30年代，钱学森在加州理工学院担任研究生助理。在火箭推进方面进行了重要的研究工作，在20世纪40年代，他和其他几个人建立了喷气推进实验室，现在是美国宇航局的主要太空探索中心之一。Para 4After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US,Qian retumed to
9、China in 1955.He received a heros welcome fromhis homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile msl导弹 programme项目.At that time,China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.No institute学院 or university in China offered rocket scien
10、ce as a major,and there were no talents人才 or experts in this field领域 in China.Nevertheless,Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on接受 the challenge.When asked“Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”,his reply was a determined“Why not?We Chinese are able to make the same things that other
11、people make.”钱学森在美国的最后几年克服了困难，1955年回到了中国。他受到了英雄般的欢迎。他不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责航天和导弹项目。当时，中国很穷，火箭科学也不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学将火箭科学作为专业，中国也没有这方面的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并没有因此而放弃接受挑战。有人问:“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗?”，他的回答是坚定的“为什么不呢?”我们中国人有能力制造别人制造的东西。”Para 4inchargeofIaminchargeofyourEnglish.Hesinchargeofthehospital.Hewasleftinchargeoftheshopwh
12、ilethemanagerwasaway.Para 5Under Qians leadership lidp领导,China developed the Dongfeng missiles,followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.In 1970,China successfully launched its first man-made satellite,Dong Fang Hong I,from a Long March rocket.Because much of the technology behind the S
13、henzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qians research,Qian earned获得 the name of“the father of Chinas aerospace航天”.在钱学森的领导下，中国研制了东风导弹，随后研制了第一代长征火箭。1970年，中国用长征火箭成功发射了第一颗人造卫星东方红一号。因为神舟火箭大部分技术也可以追溯到钱学森的研究，钱学森因此获得了“中国航天之父”的称号。Para 6Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable,especially in the are
14、a of frontier前沿 science research.However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation鉴赏力 for art often gave him inspiration灵感 in his scientific research.钱学森博览多书，学识渊博，特别是在前沿科学研究领域。然
15、而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣，如音乐和绘画。他对艺术的深厚的鉴赏力常常给他的科学研究带来灵感。Para 7On 31 October 2009,the whole country was saddened哀痛 by Qians death,and people honoured缅怀 and remembered him in different ways.2009年10月31日，钱学深逝世，举国哀痛，人们以不同的方式缅怀他。Skimming for the main structure THEFATHEROFCHINASAEROSPACEPerso
16、nalinformationofQianXuesen*BorninHangzhouin1911*QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.*In1932,Qianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajorto1.*In1935,QianwenttotheUnitedStatestopursuehis2.studies.*Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,Qianbecameapio
17、neerinAmericanjetand3.technology.aviationgraduaterocketTHEFATHEROFCHINASAEROSPACEPersonalInforma-tionofQianXuesen*AsagraduateassistantattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s.*Inthe1940s,Qianandseveralotherpeople4.theJetPropulsionLaboratory.*In5.,QianreturnedtoChina.*UnderQiansleadership,C
18、hinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles.In1970,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-made6.*On31October2009,hedied.founded1955satellite语法填空语法填空When Qian Xueshen was young,he realised China needed air force 1 _(defend)the country,so he wen to America to study aviation.As a graduate 2 _(assist)at an institute
19、,he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion.Finally he became a pioneer in jet and rocket technology.3 _ Qian Xuesen retumed to China in 1955,he was put 4 _ charge of developing Chinas rocket science,space andmissiles programme.Under his leadership,China made 5 _(outstand)progress i
20、n rockets,missiles and man-made satellites.Because of this,he earned the name of“the father of Chinas aerospace”.to defendassistant Afterinoutstanding语法填空语法填空Stephen Hawking was a 6 _(gift)scientist.Since he came 7_with a disease causing him unable to walk or speak,his world became one of abstract t
21、hought.There was a theory on the origin of the universe explaining the universe 8 _(begin)at a single point in time and space.His own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with 9 _(telescope)and a new star was born.He was brilliant,brave and determined.And he was willing to admit his
22、 faults.This 10 _(combine)of his characteristics made him one of the greatest thinkers of modern times.gifteddownbeginningtelescopescombinationAstronomersusedtheirtelescopestoprovehisworkonthebigbangtheory.TaskPredictionLookatthepicturesandthetitlesofthetexts.Canyoupredict:HowwasHawkingsowntheorypro
23、vencorrect?StephenHawking:Para.1A.Hisclaimtofame.Para.2B.Characteristicsthatmadehimgreat.Para.3C.Introduction.B CAPara 1A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHTStephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted ftd有天赋的 scientists in physics.Most people are familiar with images形象 of him in his wheelchair,unable to
24、 move and using a computer to talk.Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract bstrkt抽象 thought.一个纯思维的世界斯蒂芬霍金是物理学领域最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。大多数人对他坐在轮椅上的形象都很熟悉，不能移动，只能用电脑说话。自从他得了一种病,使他失去了大部分肌肉的功能，他的世界变成了抽象思维的世界。Para 1befamiliarwithI
25、amfamiliarwithmypartner.=Mypartnerisfamiliartome.MyEnglishteacherisfamiliarwiththisschool.WearefamiliarwithChineseculture.Para 2_1Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk,as a graduate student研究生 in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.In general总的来说,there were two mai
26、n theories on the origin of the universe.The first was the steady state theory,which holds认为 that the universe has no beginning or end.The other was the big bang theory,which holds认为 that the universe began at a single point in time and space.The biggest champion拥护者 of the steady state concept knspt
27、概念 was Fred Hoyle,a professor at Cambridge.1964年，霍金在剑桥大学攻读物理学研究生时，身体还很健康，可以走路。总的来说，关于宇宙的起源有两种主要的理论。第一个是稳恒态理论，该理论认为宇宙有没有开始也没有结束。另一个是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙起源于时间和空间上的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大的拥护者是剑桥大学教授弗雷德霍伊尔。Para 2hold坚持认为Heholdsthathisfamilycomesbeforehisjob.Iholdthatthisisarightdecision.Weholdthatallnationsshouldbeequal.
28、Para 2During the question and answer period after one of Hoyles lectures讲座,Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.Once一旦 the maths was corrected,it showed that the big bang theoryand not the steady state theorys was true.Hawkings own work on the big bang theory w
29、as soon proven by astronomers strnm天文学家 with telescopes telskp望远镜.A star was born.在霍伊尔一次讲座中，霍金问答环节之后，站起来，指出霍伊尔在计算上犯了一个错误。一旦计算问题得到纠正，就证明了大爆炸理论而不是稳恒态理论是正确的。霍金自己对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。一个明星就这样诞生了。Para 2onceOnceshewasinsideherbedroom,shebegantocry.Onceyouhavetakentheexamination,youllbeabletorelax.Oncey
30、ouhavepromisedyoumustdoit.Para 3So,What made Stephen Hawking a genius?Besides being brilliant brljnt有才气的,he was brave,though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say,and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore,he was quite
31、determined坚定.This had helped him as a scientist,and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease.Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults flt错误.This odd combination kmbnen组合 of characteristics krktrstk性格特点 had made him one of the greatest thinkers思想家 of the 20th and 21st centur
32、ies.那么，是什么让史蒂芬霍金成为天才呢?除了才华横溢，他还很勇敢，尽管有时他的言行很随意。他愿意说别人不敢说的话，愿意做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志很坚定。这对他成为一名科学家很有帮助，对他与疾病的斗争更有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认自己的错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。Para 3furthermoreIdontlikeherbecausesheistootall.Furthermore,shesmokestoomuch.Idontwanttorentthishouse.Itistoosmall.furthermore,itstoofarfro
33、mtheoffice.Idontwanttogothere.Furthermore,Ihavenotimetodoso.AWORLDOFPURETHOUGHTStephenHawking*Hewasoneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsin7.*Hecamedownwithadiseaseandlosttheuseofmostofhis8.*In1964,hefirstachievedfame.*Heinsistedthebig9.theory.*Thequalitiesmadehimageniusbeingbrilliant,brave,determine
34、d,willingtoadmithis10.physicsmusclesbangfaultsStephenHawkingwasborninOxford,England,January8,1942.Attheageof17,heenteredUniversityofOxford.Hewanted(study)mathematics,buttookupthestudyofphysicswhenmath(be)unavailable.HereceivedaPh.D.inphysicsdespitebeing(diagnose)withAmeliotrophicLateralSclerosis(肌肉萎
35、缩性侧索硬化症)whileatOxfordin1963.Dr.Hawkings(determine),alongwiththehelpofhisfamilyandassociates,hasallowedhim(continue)towork.In1970hebeganstudyingblackholes.on to study wasdiagnoseddeterminationto continue语法填空语法填空(he)researchledhimtopredictthatblackholessendoutradiationintheX-raytogamma-ray(伽马射线)rangeo
36、fthespectrum(光谱).Inthe1980shereturnedtoearlierinterest,the_(origin)oftheuniverse.Hehasco-authoredmanypublications,suchas300YearsofGravityandTheLargeScaleStructureofSpaceTime.StephenHawkingdied(peaceful)athishomeinCambridgeonMarch14th,2018.anoriginspeacefullyHis1.Qian changed his major because of a s
37、hift in personal interest.T F2.Qians strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist s development.T F3.When Hawking was young,almost everyone believed that the universe began with a big bang.T F4.Because Hawking was determined,he was able to succeed even though he was ill.T FRead the st
38、atements below and predict if they are true(T)or false(F).T or FNow check the answers.1.Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.2.Qians strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist s development.3.When Hawking was young,almost everyone believed that the universe
39、 began with a big bang.4.Because Hawking was determined,he was able to succeed even though he was ill.FFTTQian changed his major because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.not everyone QuestionsPerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina
40、saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStory of Qian Xuesenasamanwith“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.Para.1:Introduction Why was Qian called the father of Chinas ae
41、rospace?Para.2:His claim to fameHawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,asagraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneral,thereweretwomaintheoriesontheoriginoftheuniverse.Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,whichholdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwasthebigba
42、ngtheory,whichholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.ThebiggestchampionofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.DuringthequestionandanswerperiodafteroneofHoyleslectures,HawkingstoodupandpointedoutthatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhismaths.Oncethemathswascorrected,itshowedthat
43、thebigbangtheoryandnotthesteadystatetheorywastrue.Hawkingsownworkonthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Astarwasborn.How was Hawkings own theory proven correct?His claim to fame-Try to summarize the words that describe the personalities of the scientists.Qian Xuesenpatrioticscien
44、tificspirit determineddeep appreciationfor art pioneercreativeoutstandingknowledg-eableStephen Hawkingbrillianthave big dreamsometimes carelesswilling to say what others were afraid to saywilling to admit his faultsdeterminedbraveTry to summarize the words that describe the personalities of the scie
45、ntists.1.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,.2.Atthattime,ChinawaspoorandItsrocketsciencewasundeveloped.3.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehim.4.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourockets.5.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstanding.6.Ingeneral,thereweretwomaintheories.7.Be
46、sidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,.8.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.9.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.These linking words serve to link elements in the passages and bring greater cohension and logical flow to it.Try to summarize the linking words and phrases in the passages and describe th
47、eir functions.Post-reading1.What do you think a great scientist need most?Why?2.What is the significance of the scientific spirit and what inspiration can you get from these scientists?professional knowledgelogical reasoning research methodsthe questioning mindleadership patriotismdevotion determina
48、tion imaginationcreativityinspiration talent .3.Write an essay about the scientific spirit.Newton and the apple;Watson dreaming of the structure of DNA;Flemings accidental discovery of penicillin;.uApart from being clever,what are the most important personal qualities a scientist must have to be suc
49、cessful?uHow do these stories illustrate the scientific spirit?Whenweconsiderthegreatmindsofmanycenturiesandaskthequestionofwhatmakessomeoneagreatscientist,therearemanyaspectsweshouldevaluate.Butwhichonesaremostimportant?Isittheirinventions,cures,orsolutionstoproblems?Isitthepersonalchallengestheyha
50、dtoface?Orisittheiroverallcharacter?LookingatthelivesofQianXuesenandStephenHawking,somecommoncharacteristicssurface:theyareknowledgeable,gifted,self-sacrificingforthegreatergoodofthecountryorhumanity,brave,anddetermined.Inshort,theyhavetotenaciouslychasedownsolutionstobigproblemsandnotletdiscouragem
