1、1.small wages wage n.regular(usu weekly)payment made or received for work or services 工资工资(通常指安周领的通常指安周领的)a wage increase of 3%3%的加薪的加薪(=a wage rise of 3%)wage cuts 减薪减薪 a very low/high wage非常低非常低/高的工资高的工资wage demands/claims 工资要求工资要求wage settlements 工资和解协议工资和解协议agree to a voluntary wage freeze 同意自愿冻
2、结工资同意自愿冻结工资 eg The smaller shops pay very low wages.salary,wage,pay,income词条词条不同点不同点salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金。通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金。wage通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。pay指工资、薪水。指工资、薪水。income指收入、收益、所得。指收入、收益、所得。【语境应用语境应用】用用salary/wage/pay/income完成完成句子。句子。1)We expect a fair days _ for a fair days work.2)The presidents
3、 _ is$200,000 a year.3)He doesnt like the job,but the _ is good.4)The cost of living is now so high that you need to earn a good _ just to keep your head above water.wagesalarypayincome2.Well,it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expediti
4、on.It是形式主语，是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。引导的从句是真正的主语。It happens that 碰巧碰巧eg It happens that his elder sister is a good friend of mine.It chances that (=It happens that)碰巧碰巧Sb happen(s)to do sth.某人碰巧做某事。某人碰巧做某事。Sth happened to sb 某事发生在某人身上。某事发生在某人身上。eg It chanced that the winter of that year was a severe one
5、.She happened to have just finished reading the book.Something unexpected must have happened to him if he didnt turn up the party.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)You _(碰巧出去了碰巧出去了)when I came to your house.2)_(碰巧碰巧)he had to be present at a meeting.3)Its the best thing that has ever _(发生在我身上发生在我身上).happened to
6、 be outIt(so)happened thathappened to me3.However,when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because turn sb.down：refuse to accept;reject 拒绝某人拒绝某人 reduce in speed or volume 调低，关小调低，关小 eg How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?Pleas
7、e turn the radio down.I am trying to sleepturn短语短语turn up 调大，开大调大，开大(音量等音量等)；突然露面；突然露面turn away 走开走开;转身转身;不让不让进入进入 turn out 结果是结果是turn to 求助于；致力于；翻倒求助于；致力于；翻倒;转向转向(to是介词是介词)turn into 变成变成 turn over 移交移交;翻身翻身;使翻转使翻转 turn on/off 开开/关关(电视、电视、灯、水、煤气等灯、水、煤气等)turn in 上交上交(物品物品)【语境应用语境应用】用含用含turn的短语的正确形式填空
8、。的短语的正确形式填空。1)His request for a pay rise was _ _.2)With no one to _ for help,she felt quite sad.3)Though it looked like rain this morning,it has _ to be a fine day.4)She was _ from the door.She couldnt come in.5)She was disappointed to find her suggestions _.6)Dont _ the computer before closing all
9、programs,or you could have problems.turned turn to turned outturned awaydownturned downturn off 4.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his shipenthusiastic adj.having or showing intense and eager enjoyment,interest,or approval 热情热情的，的，热心的热心的be
10、 enthusiastic about(doing)sth.对对做某事热心做某事热心eg He doesnt know much about this subject,but hes very enthusiastic.enthusiastically adv.热心地；满腔热情地热心地；满腔热情地enthusiasm n.热情，热爱的事物热情，热爱的事物enthusiast n.热心者；爱好者热心者；爱好者with(great)enthusiasm（非常）热情地（非常）热情地full of enthusiasm 充满热情充满热情【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Jenny sugge
11、sted our going on an outing to the countryside,but the rest didnt sound _(对对感兴感兴趣趣)the idea.2)This detective _(对对感兴趣感兴趣)looking into unexplained cases.enthusiastic about is enthusiastic aboutaboard adv.&prep.on a ship,train,plane 在在(飞机、火车、飞机、火车、船船)上上go aboard a/the ship 上船上船eg After five hours of wa
12、iting,they finally went aboard the ship.【形近比较形近比较】a+board(n.木板木板)aboard adv.&prep.在在(船、飞机、船、飞机、公共汽车等公共汽车等)上；上上；上(船、飞机、公共汽车等船、飞机、公共汽车等)a+broad(adj.宽阔的宽阔的)abroad adv.在国外；到国外在国外；到国外词条词条不同点不同点aboard通常接较大型的交通工具，如通常接较大型的交通工具，如 aboard a plane/train/ship/bus等。等。on可接较大型的交通工具，自行车除外，如可接较大型的交通工具，自行车除外，如 on a bu
13、s,on ones bike。in常接小型的交通工具，如常接小型的交通工具，如 in a car。aboard/on/in【语境应用语境应用】选词填空选词填空(aboard/abroad)。1)Dont bank on going _ this summer.We may not have enough money.2)The president went _ the plane under the protection of several security guards.abroadaboard5.Unfortunately,three days after we set off I wa
14、s discovered.set off start a journey 出发出发 cause(a bomb,mine,etc)to explode 使爆炸使爆炸 causes it to start happening 引发引发eg Having said farewell to their friends,they set off for home.Any movement could have set off the bomb.If he attended a party without his wife and children,it set off a storm of specul
15、ation(猜疑猜疑).set短语短语set up 设置；建立；设立设置；建立；设立set down 让某人下车；写下让某人下车；写下set about 着手做着手做set out 启程；开始工作启程；开始工作set apart 使分离，使分开使分离，使分开set aside 放在一边，节省、保留放在一边，节省、保留(钱或时间钱或时间)set free 释放释放set an example to 为为树立榜样树立榜样【语境应用语境应用】用用set短语完成短语完成句子。句子。1)If you really want to see the movie,wed better _ for the ci
16、nema now.2)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者创业者),who in May 2015 _ her business Alice Candy.3)They _ the task of creating a new Web site.4)After the Civil War,the Southern slaves were _.set offset upset aboutset free6.He assigned me to be a steward,and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men
17、,three times a day.assign vt.to give a particular job or piece of work to someone 分派，布置分派，布置 say that it is for their use 分配分配assign sb sth=assign sth.to sb.分配给某人某物分配给某人某物 assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某一项指派某人做某一项工作工作assign sth to sth 确认确认 assign sb/sth as 认为认为是是 eg The teacher has assigned each of us a
18、holiday task.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)My teacher assigned me _(write)an essay about the reform and opening-up policy of China.2)It is wise to _(安排特别的练习安排特别的练习)to the weaker students.3)They had _(指派人监视我指派人监视我)twenty-four hours a day.4)We cannot _(确定确定的确切年代的确切年代)these ruins.to writeassign special exercis
19、esassigned someone watch meassign an exact date to7.How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have ben to!envy vt.to wish that you had something that another person has 羡慕；嫉妒羡慕；嫉妒envy sb sth 嫉妒嫉妒/羡慕某人有某物羡慕某人有某物envy sb doing sth 羡慕羡慕/嫉妒某人做某事嫉妒某人做某事eg How I en
20、vy you.I wish I could make my hair curl like that.He will have a chance of visiting Guilin.We all envy him his good fortune.Some countries envied us relying mainly on our own efforts in building our country.envy n.the feeling that you wish you had something that someone else has 羡慕；嫉妒羡慕；嫉妒with envy
21、羡慕地；嫉妒地羡慕地；嫉妒地be the envy of 是令是令嫉妒嫉妒/羡慕的对象羡慕的对象 out of envy 出于嫉妒出于嫉妒eg All the girls at the dance watched her with envy when she danced with the prince.His new house was the envy of all his friends.Her attitude toward him was out of envy.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)The kids stared at Claires parrot and t
22、ortoise _(羡慕地羡慕地)2)They only say such unkind things about you _(出于嫉妒出于嫉妒).3)To be honest,we all _(羡慕他的天赋羡慕他的天赋)in literature.4)They _(羡慕她打破了纪录羡慕她打破了纪录)of the 100-metre race.with envy out of envyenvied him his talent envied her breaking the record8.Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached A
23、ntarctica.approach vt.&vi come near;move towards 靠近靠近，接近接近 deal with 处理，对付处理，对付 n.near;way 靠近，接近靠近，接近;方式，方法方式，方法 an approach to(doing)sth.(做做)某事的方法某事的方法eg Our approach frightened the birds.They have a new approach to teaching languages.It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.
24、As you approach the town the first building you see is the post office.【语境应用语境应用】判断判断approach的词性及含义。的词性及含义。1)New college life is approaching.Im glad to hear that there will be six clubs for me to join._2)The training of the employees was suggested as one approach to dealing with the problem of low e
25、fficiency._3)Ill approach the customers complaints in a few minutes._v.接近，靠近接近，靠近n.方法方法v.解决，处理解决，处理表达表达“方法、方式方法、方式”in a(n)manner 用用方法方法in this way 通过这种方式通过这种方式by means of 借助借助手段，依靠手段，依靠方法方法the method of doing sth.(做做)某事的方法某事的方法with this method 通过这种方法通过这种方法the approach to(doing)sth.(做做)某事的方法某事的方法/方式方
26、式9.And when the ship sank,our hearts sank with it.sink vi.go down under the surface of a liquid or soft substance 沉没，下沉沉没，下沉 move(sth)downwards下降下降vt.to(cause something or someone to)go down below the surface or to the bottom of a liquid or soft substance 使下沉，使沉没使下沉，使沉没 be sunk in sth 陷入不快陷入不快(或沉思或沉
27、思)中中eg The ship struck the rocks and sank.His heart sank at the thought.She just sat there,sunk in thought.The enemy sank a merchant ship.It sank with the loss of 200 lives.【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)A fresh egg _(sink)and an old egg will float.2)The Titanic was a passenger ship which _(sink)to the b
28、ottom of the ocean in 1912.3)The mother,along with her two children,was rescued from the _(sink)boat by a passing ship.will sink sank/sunksinking10.Before we abandoned the ship,Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies abandon vt.to leave a place,thing or
29、 person forever 抛弃；抛弃；舍弃；放弃舍弃；放弃plete lack of inhibition or restraint放任，放纵放任，放纵abandon doing sth 放弃做某事放弃做某事abandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于陷入，沉湎于(某种情感某种情感)abandon for 为为而放弃而放弃with abandon 放纵地；恣意地放纵地；恣意地abandoned adj.被遗弃的，被放弃被遗弃的，被放弃的的eg We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.He abandoned st
30、udying abroad because of his fathers illness.Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed.The chairman determined to abandon the project for the development of the whole company.The fans cheered with abandon when their football team won.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods
31、with is wife and children.He owned a farm,which looked almost _(abandon)2)Bad customs and laws ought to _(abandon),since they are inappropriate for the development of the society.3)In his early days he _(弃弃医从文医从文).4)After divorcing her husband,she _(陷入了绝望陷入了绝望).abandonedbe abandonedabandoned medicin
32、e for literature abandoned herself to despair11.Without Frank and Ernest,wed all be dead by now.本句是隐含条件的虚拟语气。本句是隐含条件的虚拟语气。eg Without your support and encouragement,I would not have succeeded.在虚拟语气中，隐含条件是指该句不直接使用在虚拟语气中，隐含条件是指该句不直接使用if,as if或或if only等表示条件的连词，而是用单词、短语、分词、从句等表示条件的连词，而是用单词、短语、分词、从句或上下文关系
33、来间接地表示。隐含条件有多种形式：或上下文关系来间接地表示。隐含条件有多种形式：(1)介词短语暗示介词短语暗示eg But for the captain,the ship would have sunk with all on board.With more money and time,we could have done it better.(2)分词短语暗示分词短语暗示eg Given more time and money,he could have done better than what it is now.(3)连词暗示连词暗示eg He cant be ill,or he
34、wouldnt have come.Im lucky that Im interested in schoolwork,otherwise Id go mad.【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)She wasnt feeling very well.Otherwise she _(not leave)the meeting so early.2)Under such circumstances I _(make)the same mistake.3)I _(help)you,but I was too busy.4)I dont think it is an example
35、of bad writing myself,otherwise I _(agree)with Levis.wouldnt have left would have made would have helpedwould agree12.Their genuine concern for others,their perseverance,and their resolve fill me with hope.resolve vi.&vt.to make a decision formally or with determination 决定决定；决心决心 to solve or end a p
36、roblem or difficulty 解决解决（问题困难）（问题困难）n.strong determination 决心决心；坚定的信念；坚定的信念 resolution n.决心决心 eg The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve.He resolved not to tell her the truth.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)We must find a way to _(解决这些解决这些问题问题)before its too late.2)She _(决定汇报这件事情决定汇报这件事情)
37、to the hospitals nursing supervisor.3)_(他们决定他们决定)they would completely settle the dispute between the two countries.resolve these problems resolved to report the matterThey resolved thatsteward,envy,vigor,crush,bitterMatch the word with the correct definition.unpleasantly cold;a strong taste without
38、 sugar physical/mental energy and determination person whose job is to serve food and drinks to passengers on a plane/ship to wish that you had someone elses possessions,abilities etc.to press sth.so hard that it breaks or is damagedbittervigorstewardenvycrushgenuine,decent,voyage,sink,perseverance,
39、belongings to go down below the surface of sth.the things you own to travel to a place,especially by ship following moral standards;of a good enough standard or quality a feeling that you really feel,not one you pretend to feel;something genuine really is what it seems to be determination to keep trying to achieve something in spite of difficulties use this to show approvalsinkbelongingsvoyagedecentgenuineperseverance
