1、人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 1 单词知识点学案mit vt. &vi. 承诺, 保证; 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)*Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China on 30 December 1930. 屠呦呦, 一个坚定又有耐性的科学家, 于1930年12月30号出生于中国宁波。*To my pride, there come millions of committed communists in China. 我感到自豪的是中国涌现出数以百万的忠诚的共产主义者。 *Liu
2、 Hulan committed herself to fight for the happiness of the people of the whole nation. 刘胡兰承诺要为全国人民的幸福而奋斗。*These targets would not be achieved unless other departments showed equal commitment. 除非其他部门同样努力, 否则这些目标无法达成。【词块积累】(1)commit (oneself) to do承诺/保证做某事commit sth. to把某物托付给commit a crime犯罪; 犯下罪行(2)c
3、ommittedadj. 尽心尽力的, 坚定的; 忠诚的(3)commitmentn. 委托, 承认(后可跟to doing)【即学活用】(1) Last year, the community _(commit) to support those affected by the crisis by creating employment opportunities and through income support measures. (2) The solution to this headache is, of course, _ (commit) changes frequently
4、! (3)He was perfectly conscious when he _ (commit) the crime. (4)They dont care where you went, what crime you _ (commit) before. (5)What really matters about a leader is their _ (commit) to getting to the right answer and to doing it in the right way. 2.evaluate vt. 评价, 评估*Her team examined over 2,
5、 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. 她的团队检查了超过2 000本古老的医学著作, 并评估了28万种植物的药用价值。*(2019全国卷)In order that you can stay motivated to achieve the goal, firstly you need to evaluate yourself properly. 为了保持动力去实现目标, 首先你需要恰当地评估自己。*Therefore, establishing an evalua
6、tion system is necessary for our course reform. 因此, 对我们的课程改革来讲, 建立一个评价体系是很有必要的。【词块积累】evaluate as(被)认为evaluativeadj. 可估价的evaluationn. 评价; 审计 评估; 估价; 求值【即学活用】(1)After tracking and _(evaluate) students exam results, the teacher _an evaluation report. (2)It is well-known that Han Hong has done quantitie
7、s of charity devotion, and its hard _(evaluate) her just as a singer. (3)The key approaches to be used in test and _(evaluate) have been proven right. (4)It is reported that both these locations have military _ (evaluate) centres. 3. obtain vt. &vi. (尤指经努力)获得, 赢得; (规章、习俗等)存在, 流行*They then tried boil
8、ing fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria. 然后, 他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮沸, 然后用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾。*Only with a firm determination will we obtain such change. 只有坚定信念我们才能取得这样的改变。*(2019天津高考)And one will not obtain any applicable skills. 并且一个人并不能获得实用技能。【词块积累】obtain from. . . 从中获得/取得obtain
9、sth. 获得/取得某物【熟词生义】The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive the problems become. ( v. 存在 )这种局面持续的时间越长, 问题波及的范围就越广。【即学活用】(1)语法填空He _(obtain)the property with a bank loan. The scientist obtained a substance _the experiment. (2)He always managed to _(得到他想要的东西). 【易混辨析】acquire v. 多指经过努力逐步获得才能
10、、知识、习惯等, 也可用于对财物等的获得, 该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。attain v. 指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果; 也可指达到某一目标。obtain v. 获得, 买到, 用于正式语体中。gain v. 指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处; 亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。earn v. 挣得, 赢得, 指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。achieve v. 得到, 获得, 多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。【即学活用】用上述同义词的适当形式填空(1)It is through learning that the individual _many habitual ways of re
11、acting to situations. (2)The salesperson _his sales goal for the month. (3)I _that book until now. (4)An investor _by buying stocks that go up in value. (5)How much do you _a week? (6)The movie star _success and wealth. 4. acknowledge vt. 承认; 感谢*We acknowledge him as a genius. 我们承认他是个天才。*You have to
12、 acknowledge that its your own fault. 你必须承认这是你自己的过错。*I wish to acknowledge your assistance in the making of this film. 我希望鸣谢你在拍摄这部电影中给予的帮助。【词块积累】(1)be acknowledged as. . . 被认为是It is universally/generally acknowledged that. . . 公认为/普遍认为(2)acknowledgementn. 承认, 感谢【名师点津】“power”两点通 (1)come to power=take
13、 office 就职, 上台, 执政(2)come to/into power 表动作, 非延续性动词, 不能与一段时间连用; 延续性动词形式应用be in power执政, 在位(表状态)。【即学活用】语法填空(1) (2019全国卷)Her years of hard work have finally _(acknowledge) after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. (2) (2)I started to acknowledge failure _exactly what it is:
14、an unavoidable part of everyones lifenothing more and nothing less. (3) This setting determines when the secondary server sends an _(acknowledge) to the primary server. (4) Many people _(acknowledge) that Ma Yun was hard-working and fortunate as well. 5. defeat n. 失败, 挫败vt. 击败, 战胜*Tu Youyou would no
15、t acknowledge defeat. 屠呦呦不会轻易认输的。*He declared that we are to defeat those who attempted to tear the world down in time. 他宣布: 我们迟早会打败那些企图撕裂世界的人。*This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every day. 这就是如今大多数高中生每天遭受失败的原因。*These setbacks should not be acknowledged as defeat, however. 但是
16、, 这些挫折不能看成是失败。【词块积累】take defeat 接受失败suffer defeat遭受失败【即学活用】语法填空(1)Nian _(defeat), and from then on, the color red has been considered to bring good luck and good fortune to all. (2)Most of you really believe that the way you get to what you do want is _(defeat) what you do not want. (3)Hitler refuse
17、d to _the fact that he himself _(defeat) by the people in the end. 6. conclude vt. 推断出, 得出结论vi. 结束, 终止*She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 她总结出来, 煮沸苦艾显然破坏了它的药用性能。*Every article should have an introduction and conclusion, but these should not mir
18、ror each other. 每篇文章都应该有导言和结论, 但是这些段落不应该千篇一律。*As an applicant, before concluding the discussion, you may ask about the next step in the hiring process. 作为一名应聘者, 在这次讨论结束前, 你要问问招聘的下一步程序是做什么。*He concluded his class with a funny story. 他以一个有趣的故事结束了他的课。*To conclude, I wish you a Happy New Year. 总之, 祝你们新年
19、快乐。【词块积累】(1)conclude. . . with. . . 以结束conclude from. . . that. . . 从中得出结论to conclude最后(2)conclusionn. 结论draw a conclusion得出结论in conclusion最后, 总之make a conclusion下结论【即学活用】语法填空(1)It is an apparently ideal way _(conclude) a season of summer reading. (2)I wonder who make this decision and how they come
20、 to their _(conclude). (3)(2019北京高考)They conclude _when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent. (4)We will conclude our concert _the National Anthem. (5)_ conclude, what he said makes sense. (6) I conclude _your statements that youre not in favor. 7.
21、 insist vi. & vt. 坚持; 坚决要求*She insisted on/upon (our) going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable. 她坚持要(我们)乘飞机去北京, 因为乘飞机更舒适。*(2019天津高考)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right. 你应该尊重别人的观点, 同时坚持你认为正确的。*Though all his friends blamed him, he
22、insisted that he had done nothing wrong. 尽管他所有的朋友都责备他, 但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。*My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first. 妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。【词块积累】insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事insist that. . . (1)坚持说/认为(从句内容表示一个事实, 从句谓语按实际需要选择时态)(2)强烈要求/坚持(从句用虚拟语气, 即should+动词原形, should可以省略)【巧学助记】Insisting t
23、hat Tom had stolen his car, Mr Smith insisted that he (should)be put into prison. 由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的小汽车, 史密斯先生强烈要求把他关进监狱。【即学活用】语法填空(1)I insisted that he _(be)wrong. (2)They insisted on _(go) there by motorbike. (3)She insisted that we _(turn) in our homework on time. (4)He insisted _ making a voyage after
24、 graduating from college. 【要点拾遗】1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的*They discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. 他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法, 这些疗法显示出对抗疟疾的前景。*At this point, however, an important distinction must be made: God loves
25、 believers with a particular love. 然而我们必须区分这很重要的一点: 上帝对信仰者是一种很特别的爱。*When I was given the first taste of beer as a teenager, I distinctly remember wondering why anyone would voluntarily drink the terrible stuff. 在我小时候, 当我第一次尝了啤酒的味道时, 我清楚地记得, 当时我在想为什么有人自愿去喝这么难喝的东西。【词块积累】distinct from与不同distinctly明显地;
26、无疑地, 确实地distinction区别, 差别; 特性; 荣誉, 勋章【即学活用】语法填空 (1)For lack of _(distinct) culture, some places of interest will not attract tourists any more. (2)Yes, anyway you are right, but I am suggesting to you that there is a _(distinct) between truth and so-called reality. (3)But it is getting _(distinct) b
27、etter. And a growing number of them are doing very well. 2. extract n. 提取物; 摘录vt. 提取; 提炼; 摘录; (用力)拔出*Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. 用较低的温度提取提取物, 她发现了一种起作用的物质。*You must extract all the relative records from it into a text file, which can then be
28、analysed. 你必须从该文件中将所有相关记录提取到一个文本文件中, 然后才可以进行分析。*After that put the frame into a honey extractor and quickly turn it. 之后把蜂板放入萃取器, 快速旋转。*The company provided him with amber and the relative measure of extraction. 这家公司为他提供了琥珀, 以及相关的提取方法。【词块积累】extract from从提取, 文件的摘录extractor提取器extraction取出; 抽出【即学活用】语法填空
29、(1)Language teachers often extract examples _grammar books. (2)Li Shizhen discovered a variety of herbs whose _(extract) can cure certain diseases. (3)We have an _(extract) fan in the kitchen to get rid of the smell of cooking. (4)Your _(extract) should instantly begin for there is so little time le
30、ft. (5) Hey, have you realized the cream you are using is the _(玫瑰花的精华)? 3. apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然*She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 她总结出来, 煮沸苦艾显然破坏了它的药用性能。*(2019北京高考)The fact is that stars apparently do not follow this basic principle o
31、f sportsmanship. 现实是明星们显然不遵循这种体育精神基本的原则。*It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 从面容上就可以看出她确实心烦意乱。*I thought she had retired, but apparently/obviously/ distinctly she hasnt. 我原以为她退休了, 很显然她还没有。【词块积累】It is/was apparent that. . . 很显然【名师点津】“显然”表达有多种It is apparent/obvious/distinct that.
32、. . Apparently/Obviously/Distinctly. . . 【即学活用】语法填空 (1)Apple has _(apparent) registered for trademarks for each of those names. (2)To understand this tale, we have to start with an _ (apparently) mystery. (3)It was _ (apparent) to everyone that he was angry. (4)Yes, I think that is true, though it w
33、asnt _ (apparently) to me then. 4. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 1967年, 中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍, 屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。【句式解构】该句是一个由and连接而成的并列复合句。介词短语with
34、the objective. . . 作第一个分句的状语, 表示目的。短语中的objective也可用aim/purpose/ goal等替换。第二个分句中chosen是过去分词用作定语, 修饰the first researchers。分词或分词短语作定语经常后置。*Tu Youyou tried a second time with the aim of finding out the proper material to cure malaria. 屠呦呦又试了第二回, 希望能找到治愈疟疾的合适物质。*Chairman Mao came here with the purpose of
35、inspecting an important task carried out. 毛主席来这里是为了检查一项重要任务的执行情况。*When crossing the river, the Red Army take care not to touch the trees newly planted by the river. 渡河的时候, 红军战士小心翼翼, 以防碰到了河边新种的树木。*With great care, the 3-year-old boy put away the books newly distributed at school yesterday. 这个三岁大的男孩小心
36、翼翼地收起来昨天在学校新发的书。【名师点津】With引导的介词短语作状语, 在英语句子中是一个很常见的现象。至于其所作状语的类型, 我们需要根据句子上下文意思和其具体的语法功能来判断。有时, 复杂的with介词短语可以转换为独立主格结构: With homework finished, he went out to play basketball. 转换为独立主格结构: Homework finished, he went out to play basketball. 【即学活用】语法填空(1)With a long way _(go), we should not take it too
37、slightly. (2)With a hope of _(enter) Peking University, the boy teenager works hard day and night. (3)We are eager to see the 5G era coming, when we can see many products newly _(invention) come into use. (4)My close friend Li Hua is planning to apply for the 2022 Olympic volunteer position _(issue)
38、 on the newspaper last week. 5. crucial adj. 至关重要的; 关键性的*(2019江苏高考)We can learn from the passage that making right career choices is crucial to personal success. 我们能从这篇文章中学到, 做出正确的职业选择对个人成功至关重要。*Our Party have found two issues of crucial importance: development and ecology. 我们党已经发现了两个至关重要的问题: 发展和生态。
39、*This type of questioning puts responsibilities on the clients to explain what they want, which is crucial. 这样的提问可以把责任放到客户身上, 让他们解释自己需要什么, 这很重要。*Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company. 签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要。【词块积累】crucial to/for sth. 至关重要的; 决定性的crucially关键地; 至关重要地【即学活用】 (1)语法填空And,
40、 _(crucial), are there any praising techniques that can be shown to be effective? It is beyond doubt that Africa is absolutely _(crucially) for Chinas energy strategy. (2)Broadly speaking, there are _(三个关键因素)to consider. (3)The next 10 weeks is a _(重要时期) in your babys development when all of his org
41、ans will form. 6. objective n. 目标 adj. 客观的*In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. 1967年, 为了发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法, 中国政府成立了一个科学家小组。*(2019天津高考)The authors view on factual reading is that it would provide true and objective infor
42、mation. 作者对事实性阅读的观点是, 它将提供真实和客观的信息。*Well try to look at the issue objectively, from the standpoint of the IT professional. 我们尝试从 IT 专业人员的角度客观地看待这个问题。*If she does not object to it, why should we? 只要她不反对, 我们为什么要反对? *We have/take an objection to teaming up with them. 我们反对/不赞成和他们合作。【词块积累】(1)object to sb
43、. /sbs doing sth. 反对某人做某事(2)have/take an objection to doing sth.反对做某事raise an objection to doing sth. 对做某事提出异议【近义拓展】intention/purpose/sake/target/goal【即学活用】(1)用objective的适当形式填空Those who _to this advice typically see no reason to define or account for system behavior. Only in this way can these strat
44、egic _ of active defense be realized. (3) Hey, dear, do you know the next _(考试目标)of mine? 666! What is yours? 7. analyse vt. 分析*She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. 她再次分析了医学文本, 偶然间, 她发现了一句话, 提出了提取苦艾的不同方法。*(2019北
45、京高考)Is the main purpose of the passage to analyse the composition of the ocean food chain? 这篇文章的主要目的是分析海洋食物链的组成吗? *On the one hand, everyone possibly makes mistakes, on the other hand, not all analytical mistakes are equal. 一方面, 每个人都有可能犯错误; 另一方面, 分析方面的错误并不是都一样。*I know a good world is possible if we leave emotion aside and just work analytically . 我知道一个美好的世界是可能的, 如果我们将情绪放在一边, 只是进行理性地分析。*Could you tell me some more about your market analysis that has just been fulfilled recently? 请你多告诉我一些你们近来刚刚完成的市场分析好吗?
