1、Unit 2Unit 2Growing painsGrowing pains核心考点-2-高频词汇难点句型1.frightened adj.受惊的;害怕的高考佳句Im not sure who is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018全国卷,语篇填空)我不清楚我和这个不知哪里出来的雌性猩猩谁更感到害怕。(1)be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事be frightened of(=be afraid of)害怕(2)frighten v
2、.使惊吓;使惊恐frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.吓得某人做/不做某事frighten away/off把某人(物)吓走frighten sb.to death把某人吓得要死核心考点-3-高频词汇难点句型(3)frightening adj.引起恐惧的;惊恐的;骇人的(4)fright n.惊吓;恐怖to ones fright使某人感到恐怖的是单句填空 I was so frightened(fright)that I closed my eyes.Paul quickly unlocked the door,and the frightened(frigh
3、t)man dived in,slamming the door behind him.(2017浙江卷,读后续写)Graphs can seem frightening(fright),but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story.To her great fright,she found nobody was seen in the park.An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away/off its enemy,but would suddenly sto
4、p at the last minute.核心考点-4-高频词汇难点句型2.be supposed to应该,应当高考佳句For example,you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food.(2018全国卷,书面表达)比如说,你不应该把筷子插入食物中。(1)be supposed to do=should do应该做某事be supposed to have done=should have done本应该做某事(而未做)(2)suppose+sb.+(to be)+adj./n.认为某人supposing(that
5、).假定;假如(3)I suppose so/not.我想会的/不会的。(4)疑问词+do you suppose+陈述句?“你认为”(do you suppose为插入语)核心考点-5-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are(be)supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.(2017北京卷,阅读理解)We are supposed(su
6、ppose)to check out of the hotel by 11 oclock.The message is very important,so it is supposed to be sent(send)as soon as possible.Suppose/Supposing(suppose)he doesnt come,shall we go without him?Tom,you were supposed to have finished(finish)your paper by last Sunday.The man(who was)supposed to be(be)
7、a beggar by the public was really a police officer in disguise.核心考点-6-高频词汇难点句型3.do with对付,处理经典例句We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.我们今天正面临着一个陌生的新世界,并且我们都在思考如何应对这个世界。do without将就,没有也行have/be to do with与有关;关于have something/nothing to do wit
8、h与有关/无关易混辨析do with与deal with两者都可做“处理,处置”讲,表示“如何处理”时,do with常与what连用;deal with常与how连用。此外,deal with还有“和打交道;论述;和做生意”之意。核心考点-7-高频词汇难点句型完成句子 I have no way yet as to how to deal with(应对)such a complicated situation.How we understand things has a lot to do with(有很大关系)what we feel.Im afraid you cant do with
9、out fuel(没有燃料).Ill leave my lawyer to deal with(处理)it.The mayor insisted that he had nothing to do with(无关)the scandal.核心考点-8-高频词汇难点句型4.defend vt.辩解,辩白;防御,保护高考佳句What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.(2018浙江卷,阅读理解)更有趣的是,斯坦的工作
10、之一就是为塑料购物袋背后的行业辩护。(1)defend.from/against 保卫免受之害defend oneself against因反对而为自己辩护defend oneself 自卫(2)defence n.防御;答辩in defence of防卫(3)defensive adj.防御性的核心考点-9-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 They help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections.(2016四川卷,七选五)We dont know how many people lost their lives i
11、n defence of freedom.The spending on defence(defend)is still increasing after war.Body language can give away a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive(defend).核心考点-10-高频词汇难点句型5.deserve vt.值得;应得;应受高考佳句The story once again tells us that
12、 one good turn deserves another.(2018北京卷,完形填空)这个故事再一次印证了:好人有好报。(1)deserve sth.值得某事deserve to do sth.值得做某事deserve doing=deserve to be done 值得被做(2)deserving adj.应得的,值得的核心考点-11-高频词汇难点句型温馨提示deserve的意思是“值得”“应该”,其后应该用不定式。如果当deserve后面所接动词具有被动意义时,也可用动词的-ing,且这个动词的-ing要用主动形式表示被动意义;此时若将动词的-ing改成不定式,则要用被动形式。和d
13、eserve有相同用法的还有need,require,be worth等。核心考点-12-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 I just knew that my life is as valuable as anyone elses,and that we all deserve an equal chance to develop our own talents at our own pace.(2016浙江卷,语法填空)A single woman with brains deserves to have(have)equal opportunities to men.Since this st
14、udent worked so hard on the posters,she deserved(deserve)a prize,too.核心考点-13-高频词汇难点句型It will not cost much to include deserving(deserve)foreigners in these courses.If you do wrong,you deserve punishment/punishing/to be punished(punish).What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the
15、 world obviously(obvious)deserves much more serious thinking.核心考点-14-高频词汇难点句型6.now that既然,由于高考佳句 Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider rearranging your morning activities.(2017全国卷,七选五)既然知道想要醒来的原因,就要考虑重新安排早上的活动。原因状语从句常用because,since,as等连词引导。此外,given(that),considering(that),in that,seeing
16、 that等特殊连词也可引导原因状语从句。核心考点-15-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.(2016全国卷,阅读理解)I like the city,but I like the country better in that I have more friends there.单句改错 Now Chicagos waste water was draining into th
17、e river,the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.在Now后加thatNow that when youve got a chance,youd better make full use of it.去掉when核心考点-16-高频词汇难点句型7.insist on/upon 坚持,坚持认为高考佳句If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good,they would
18、cease to be free.如果人们坚持摆脱自我依赖和社会共同利益责任感的重负,他们将不再自由。insist vi.坚持,坚持认为insistence n.坚持;坚决主张insistent adj.坚持的;显著的;迫切的insist后接宾语从句表示“坚决要求,坚持要”时,其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”;表示“坚持认为,坚持说”一个客观事实时,其后宾语从句要用陈述语气。核心考点-17-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars,introduced earlier this
19、 year,insists that a human“be(be)watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.(2017天津卷,阅读理解)But she refused to give up and insisted(insist)she go.(2016天津卷,完形填空)Thus,Papa insisted that we(should)learn(learn)at least one new thing each day.I must insist on your giving(give)me a simple answer.Thoug
20、h I showed no interest in sports,my parents insisted that I(should)take(take)part in regular physical exercise.The lady insisted that she had done(do)nothing wrong and that she(should)be treated(treat)properly.核心考点-18-高频词汇难点句型单句改错 He also insisted that they would leave enough space for children.去掉wo
21、uld或wouldshould核心考点-19-高频词汇难点句型8.argument n.争吵,辩论;论点,论据高考佳句Among the bag makers argumentsarguments:many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.(2018浙江卷,阅读理解)塑料袋的生产商辩解说:许多有限塑令的城市还是允许购物者购买纸袋,这种纸袋容易回收,但是需要更
22、多的能源来生产和运输。(1)get into an argument with sb.和某人争吵起来(2)argue vi.&vt.争论,辩论,说服,主张,认为argue for/against为赞成/反对而力争argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue sb.down驳倒某人argue+that从句 认为;赞同核心考点-20-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 The author supports the theme of the text by stating argument
23、s(argue).(2016四川卷,阅读理解)However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing(argue)with him or her.(2016全国卷,阅读理解)I would argue against copying previous architectural styles.Many experts argue for the ban of the riding moto
24、rcycles in the city.We argued him into adopting the plan.She got into an argument with her mother.核心考点-21-高频词汇难点句型9.harm vt.伤害n.伤害高考佳句True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal meant me no real harm.(2018全国卷,语篇填空)与大猩猩温和特点相符的是,这种大型动物对我来说并没有什么真正的伤害。(1)do sb.harm=do harm to sb.损害某人,伤害某人ther
25、es no harm in(sb.s)doing sth.=it does no harm(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)做某事并无害处(2)harmful adj.有害的be harmful to.对有害(3)harmless adj.无害的;不会引起损伤的核心考点-22-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful(harm)effects of chemicals on humans.(2016全国卷,
26、阅读理解)People often think of gossipers as harmless(harm),but cruel lies can cause pain.(2016浙江卷,阅读理解)Dont worry.There is no harm in your staying up late occasionally.Many people are in the habit of reading in bed,which of course does great harm to their eyes.If you stay too long before the screen,grea
27、t harm will be done(do)to your health.核心考点-23-高频词汇难点句型10.patience n.耐心经典例句Should they have patience,they could do the work well.如果他们有耐心,他们就能把工作做好。(1)impatience n.无耐心patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人patiently adv.耐心地impatient adj.不耐烦的;没有耐心的(2)with patience=patiently 耐心地be patient with sb.对某人有耐心be patient of sth.
28、忍受/忍耐某事核心考点-24-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 But where are we doing all of this waiting,and what does it mean to an impatient(patient)society like ours?(2017天津卷,阅读理解)The teacher is very patient with students.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the p
29、ersonal anxiety their patients(patient)may be experiencing.(2016全国卷,阅读理解)核心考点-25-高频词汇难点句型11.forbid vt.禁止高考佳句Forbid their children from visiting the web.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解)禁止他们的孩子浏览网页。(1)forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事(2)forbidden adj.被禁止的;严禁的核心考点-26-高频词汇难
30、点句型单句填空 My father forbade me from meeting my friends online at the Internet cafe.My father forbade me to meet(meet)my friends online at the Internet cafe.She says Tom has forbidden her to go/from going(go)out with us.Please note that food and fruit are forbidden(forbid)in the library,but you are all
31、owed to have drinks and sweets with you.核心考点-27-高频词汇难点句型12.limit n.限制;极限;界限vt.限制高考佳句It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading,mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.(2018全国卷,阅读理解)它的确指出许多家长仍然限制电子阅读,主要因为担心屏幕时间的增加。(1)limit sb./sth.(to.)限定某人/某物(在范围内)(2)within limits在
32、一定范围内,适度地,有限度地to the limit到极点,到了最大限度(3)limited adj.有限的,受限制的limitless adj.无限制的,无约束的核心考点-28-高频词汇难点句型用limit的适当形式填空 Our life has a limit,but knowledge is limitless.We must limit the expenses to what we can afford.Sometimes,he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.核心考点-29-高频词汇难点句型1
33、3.balance n.天平;平衡;余额v.平衡;权衡高考佳句Through such a balance,he had created a new type of Chinese architecture.(2018全国卷阅读理解)通过这样的平衡,他创造了一种新式的中国建筑风格。(1)keep/lose/recover ones balance保持/失去/恢复平衡keep a balance between A and B保持A与B均衡a sense of balance平衡感off/out of balance失去平衡on balance总的来说(2)balance A with/and
34、B保持A和B平衡(3)balanced adj.保持平衡的a balanced diet均衡饮食(4)imbalanced adj.不平衡的 imbalance n.不平衡核心考点-30-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 Each person,no matter who they are,has psychological imbalances(balance).(2018北京卷,阅读理解)Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解)When he was running af
35、ter his brother,the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path.A balanced(balance)diet gives an athlete the right amount of calories.As with many other full-time working mothers,Aunt Wang finds it hard to achieve a balance between work and family.核心考点-
36、31-高频词汇难点句型1.Eric runs in after it,followed by a big dog,walking very slowly.埃里克跟在后面跑了进来,后面跟着一条大狗,狗走得很慢。(Page 22)followed by a big dog过去分词短语做状语(1)过去分词(短语)做状语时表示的动作与谓语表示的动作或状态几乎是同时发生,或是先于谓语动词的动作发生,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。过去分词做状语一般都用逗号同其他成分隔开,常表时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步等含义,相当于一个状语从句。(2)过去分词(短语)做状语时,有时为了强调,前面可带连词when,w
37、hile,if,though,as if,unless,until等,以便使句意更清楚。(3)做时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、让步状语时,多放于句首。(4)做方式或伴随状语、结果状语时,常放在句尾。核心考点-32-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 Founded(found)in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017全国卷,阅读理解)Students interested(interest)in working for the Athleti
38、c Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective campuses.(2016四川卷,阅读理解)Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.Given(give)the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars
39、.Ignoring(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.核心考点-33-高频词汇难点句型2.The room is in a mess,with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.屋里一片狼藉,地板上堆放着许多比萨盒子,洗碗池里全是脏碗碟。(Page 22)with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the
40、 sink为with的复合结构做状语。“with复合结构”由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中做状语,表示伴随、行为方式、原因、结果、条件或时间等,其位置可在句首或在句尾,还可用做后置定语修饰名词,其具体形式如下:核心考点-34-高频词汇难点句型1.with+名词/代词+动词-ing形式(动词-ing形式表主动或正在进行的动作)2.with+名词/代词+过去分词(过去分词表被动或已完成的动作)3.with+名词/代词+不定式(不定式表将来的动作)4.with+名词/代词+形容词(形容词表状态)5.with+名词/代词+副词(副词表状态)6.with+名词/代词+介词短语(介词短语表位置
41、)核心考点-35-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left(leave).(2018全国卷,阅读理解)Youll need a warm place with perfect soil to grow(grow)it.(2016全国卷,阅读理解)Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life
42、 with your eyes closed(close).With the old man leading(lead)the way,we started towards the river.You cant imagine how she finished the relay race with her foot hurt so severely(hurt).核心考点-36-高频词汇难点句型3.I hate it when that happens!我憎恨发生这件事!(Page 32)it用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构:(1)动词+it+that从句能用于此结构的动词常见的有have,take
43、,put,like等。(2)动词+it+when(if)从句能用于此结构的动词常见的有enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。(3)动词+prep.+it+that从句能用于此结构的常见的有see to,look to,insist on,stick to,depend on等。(4)动词+it+介词短语+that从句能用于此结构的常见的有take it for granted,bring it to sb.,owe it to sb.等。核心考点-37-高频词汇难点句型完成句子 I would appreciate it if you
44、give(非常感激你能给)us some advice on how to make it perfect.(2018天津卷,书面表达)I hate it when she calls me(恨她给我打电话)at workIm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.(2016天津卷,单项填空)Dont take it for granted(认为理所当然)that they will support you.You may depend on it(指望)that Tom will help you with your Engl
45、ish.Please see to it(注意确认)that the door is locked.I dislike it when you whistle(不爱听你吹口哨).核心考点-38-高频词汇难点句型4.Sometimes he acts as if he doesnt love us at all.有时候,他的举动让我们觉得他似乎根本就不爱我们。(Page 35)as if引导的从句(1)as if一般可由as though来代替。可在look,seem,feel,sound,smell等系动词后引导表语从句。还可在act,treat等词后引导方式状语从句。(2)as if 从句的
46、语气及语态当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,as if从句用陈述语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,as if从句用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式。表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。核心考点-39-高频词汇难点句型单句填空 Others say we can just“switch them off”as if super intelligent machines are too stupid t
47、o think of that possibility.(2017北京卷,阅读理解)When fat and salt are removed from food,the food tastes as if it is missing(miss)something.(2017全国卷,语篇填空)More generally,the Internet functions as if it were(be)my memory.(2016江苏卷,任务型阅读)Papa was thinking about what was said,as if the salvation(拯救)of the world
48、 would depend(depend)upon it.After he steadied himself,he shook Glenns mothers hand,and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened(happen).I remember the whole thing as if it happened(happen)yesterday.随堂巩固-40-.单句语法填空1.The confusing(confuse)situation made me unable to concentrate on my s
49、tudy.2.He talked the neighbours into believing his innocence with convincing arguments(argue).3.We dont have patience(patient)to hear such an empty talk.4.I was shocked by his behaviour(behave)towards his family.5.Mrs.Brown is over 80 and not very active(act)now.6.It is frightening(frighten)to walk
50、on the wire in the air.随堂巩固-41-7.With so many dishes to wash(wash),I cannot go with you.8.In our class,there is a tendency(tend)for students to go on a diet to get slim.9.When he began to earn money he lived a life of independence(independent).10.Hearing the upsetting news,she got annoyed.(annoy)随堂巩
