1、连词和并列句连词和并列句conjunctions and coordinating sentences一并列连词01并列030204转折选择因果01并列关系The girl runs to the boy.The girl runs to the boy and gives him a hug.The girl gives the boy a hug.Go straight on,and youll see the library.Excuse me.Could you tell me where is the hospital?=If you go straight on,youll see
2、 the library.连词和连连词和连词短语词短语用法用法示例示例and“和”表示并列关系，即动作的先后、因果、递进等关系。She put on her hat,opened the door and went out.她戴上帽子，打开门就出去了。祈使句后连接and+主句，相当于if you.,youll.Go straight on,and youll see the library.=If you go straight on,you will see the library.一直往前走，你就会看到图书馆。并列关系并列关系and她她戴上帽子，打开门就出去了戴上帽子，打开门就出去了。她找
3、不到妈妈，于是哭了她找不到妈妈，于是哭了起来。起来。一直往前走，你就会看到一直往前走，你就会看到图书馆。图书馆。She put on her hat,opened the door and went out.She couldnt find her mother and began to cry.Go straight on,and youll see the library.The girl is a doctor.The boy is a doctor.Both the boy and the girl are doctors.连词和连连词和连词短语词短语用法用法示例示例both.and.
4、“两者都”表示并列并列关系，连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用Both Jim and Kate from England.吉姆和凯特来自英国。Both my father and my mother doctors.我的父亲和母亲不是医生。BothNewYorkandLondonhavetrafficproblems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。Ididallthisbothforyouandformyself.我我我做这一切是为了你，也为我自己。我做这一切是为了你，也为我自己。BothsheandSophiawerepleasedwiththegirl.她和索菲娅都
5、喜欢这个姑娘。她和索菲娅都喜欢这个姑娘。Cai Xukun is singing.Cai Xukun is dancing.Cai Xukun can sing and dance.Cai Xukun can not only sing but also dance.连词和连连词和连词短语词短语用法用法示例示例not only.but also.“不仅而且”表示并列关系，当连接两个名词或代词作主语时,要根据but also 后的名后的名词或代词词或代词决定Not only the teacher but also against the plan.不仅那位老师，而且学生们也反对该项计划。Not
6、 only the students but also against the plan.不仅学生们，而且那位老师也反对该项计划。Not only you but also football.不仅你而且他也喜欢足球不仅你而且他也喜欢足球他他不仅不仅是一是一位作家位作家，而且是一位演员。，而且是一位演员。He not only a writer but also an actor。He not only the piano but also the violin.他不仅弹钢琴他不仅弹钢琴,而且拉提琴。而且拉提琴。不但吉姆而且不但吉姆而且他的两个妹妹也是医生。他的两个妹妹也是医生。Not only
7、 Jim but also his two sisters doctors.Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不仅那位老师不仅那位老师，而且学生们，而且学生们也反对该项计划。也反对该项计划。不仅学生们不仅学生们，而且而且那那位老师也反对该项计划。位老师也反对该项计划。Not only the teacher but also the students against the plan.The teacher as well as students was against the plan.Studen
8、ts as well as the teacher were against the plan.连词和连连词和连词短语词短语用法用法示例示例as well as“也，还也，还”连接连接并列主语并列主语时，时，谓语动词根据谓语动词根据as well as 前面的词来定前面的词来定Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.（Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me.）不仅不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。表示并列关系，表示并列关系，通通常不位于句首常不位于句首。它强它强调
9、的是前一项，调的是前一项，后一后一项只是顺便提及项只是顺便提及。I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.我读过他的一本小说我读过他的一本小说和和几个剧本。几个剧本。Not only you but also football.不仅你而且他也喜欢足球不仅你而且他也喜欢足球他他不仅不仅是一是一位作家位作家，而且是一位演员。，而且是一位演员。He not only a writer but also an actor。He not only the piano but also the violin.他不仅弹钢琴他不仅弹
10、钢琴,而且拉提琴。而且拉提琴。不但吉姆而且不但吉姆而且他的两个妹妹也是医生。他的两个妹妹也是医生。Not only Jim but also his two sisters doctors.I have not seen this teleplay.Lucy has not seen this teleplay.Neither Lucy nor seen this teleplay Neither I nor seen this teleplay 连词和连词连词和连词短语短语用法用法示例示例neither.nor.“既不也不”表示并列关系，否定含义。连接两个主语时，其谓语动词谓语动词应与最最近
11、的一个主语近的一个主语在人称和数上保持保持一致一致 butter cheese.她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。Jack I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影吉姆和他两吉姆和他两个个妹妹都不是妹妹都不是医生。医生。他既不喜欢足球也不喜欢篮球。他既不喜欢足球也不喜欢篮球。Neither Jim nor his two sisters are not doctors.He neither football nor basketball.我既不我既不喜欢喜欢也不关心足球比赛。也不关心足球比赛。I neithernor care football game.表示并列关系表
12、示并列关系,谓语动词的单复数：谓语动词的单复数：and both A and B,A as well as Bnot only A A but also B Bneither A nor B 复数复数B谓语动词最近谓语动词最近的一个的一个主语主语A02转折关系I missed you but I missing you 明明已经错过你，但是我却还在想念你明明已经错过你，但是我却还在想念你 I missing you but I missed you 明明还在想念你，但是我却错过了你明明还在想念你，但是我却错过了你I see you but I seeing you 明明已经别离，却有再次相见明
13、明已经别离，却有再次相见I seeing you but I see you 当我们再次相见时却不得不说再见当我们再次相见时却不得不说再见 Im very busy today but I will be free tomorrow.我今天很忙我今天很忙但是但是明天空闲。明天空闲。表示表示转折转折关系关系not A but B 做主语时，做主语时，谓语动词谓语动词根据根据B来来决定决定Not he but we the winners.Not you but he playing the game.areisYet the house was cheerful.表示转折关系表示转折关系，可可用
14、在用在句首句首I dont know him,yet I can get his help.Although its raining,yet we dont want to stop.前句前句有有although时时，后句，后句不能不能出现出现but，可出现可出现yet这件事听起来虽然奇怪，然而却是这件事听起来虽然奇怪，然而却是真的。真的。My sister likes dancing,while I would rather sing.while表示表示转折关系，两者有强烈的对比转折关系，两者有强烈的对比表示表示转折转折关系：关系：but，yet,whilenot A but B,谓语动词由
15、谓语动词由B决定。决定。yet 可用与句首，前句有可用与句首，前句有although,后句只能用后句只能用 yetWhile表示两者有强烈表示两者有强烈的的对比对比03选择关系Or用在祈使用在祈使句后表示句后表示如果如果否则否则If your wife and your mother fall into the river at the same time,who will you save first,your wife or your mother?老婆妈妈I cant swim.Save me first,or Ill die.I also cant swim.Save me first
16、,or youll lose your mother.Or 表表选择选择I cant swim.If you do not save me first,Ill die.I also cant swim.If you do not save me first,you will lose your otherEither your wife or your mother is going to fall into river tomorrow.Who do you want to fall into river?一般表示选择关系，在一般表示选择关系，在否定句否定句中可表示中可表示并列并列。or A
17、 or B做做主语主语时，时，谓语谓语动词根据动词根据B来来定定。祈使句祈使句后连接后连接or，表，表“如果如果否则否则”either.or.要么要么要么要么表示选择关系，两者之一。连接两个主语时，其表示选择关系，两者之一。连接两个主语时，其谓语谓语动词应与动词应与就近的主语就近的主语在人称和数上保持在人称和数上保持一致一致She cant read or write.He or I am going to go shopping.Hurry up,or youll be late.When the girl is happy,she either sings or dances.Either
18、 you or I am going there tomorrow.她不会读书和写字。她不会读书和写字。他或者我会去购物。他或者我会去购物。快点，否则你会迟到的。快点，否则你会迟到的。那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。04因果关系for “因为因为”,表示因果关系，表示因果关系，补充补充说明理由说明理由，不能不能置于句置于句首首The days were short,for it was now December.白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。so “因此，所以因此，所以”
19、表示因果关系，强调结果表示因果关系，强调结果前面前面because，后面不能后面不能出现出现so。He got up late,so he didnt catch the bus.Because he got up late,he didnt catch the bus.Conclusion并列关系and，both A and B not only A but also BA as well as B neither A nor Bfor,sooreither A or B转折关系因果关系选择关系名词性从句状语从句从属连词0102连词连词（conjunction)简单句简单句（simple s
20、entence)简单句简单句(simple sentence)从属连词从属连词subordinating conjunctions从属从属连词连词(Subordinating conjunction)是用来是用来引导从句引导从句的的连词连词。由由从属连词从属连词所所引导的句引导的句子叫作子叫作从句从句，而，而含有从句的句子含有从句的句子叫作叫作复合句复合句。主主(n)谓谓(v)宾宾(n)定定(adj.)状状(adv.)补补表表(n)同同(n)主主 谓谓 宾宾 定定 状状 补表补表 同同01名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句本质本质三种句子三种句子充当充当四四种种成分成分陈述句陈述句Wang Zul
21、an is shorter than his wife.一般疑问句一般疑问句 Is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句Why is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?主主(n)宾宾(n)表表(n)同同(n)我知道我知道王王祖祖蓝比他妻子矮。蓝比他妻子矮。I know(that)Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.王祖蓝比他妻子矮王祖蓝比他妻子矮Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.1.1 一般一般疑问句句疑问句句充当宾语充当宾语王祖蓝比他妻子
22、矮王祖蓝比他妻子矮是真的是真的。Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife is true.That Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife is true.头重脚轻头重脚轻itIt is true that Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife1.2 一般疑问句充当一般疑问句充当主语主语王祖蓝比他妻子矮王祖蓝比他妻子矮Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.王祖蓝比他妻子王祖蓝比他妻子矮。矮。Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.事实
23、是事实是王王祖蓝比他妻子矮。祖蓝比他妻子矮。The fact is Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.The fact is that Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.1.3 一般一般疑问句句疑问句句充当表语充当表语王祖蓝比他妻子王祖蓝比他妻子矮。矮。事实是事实是王祖蓝比他妻子矮。王祖蓝比他妻子矮。我知道这个事实：我知道这个事实：王祖蓝王祖蓝比他妻子矮。比他妻子矮。Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.The fact is that Wang Zulan is shorter th
24、an his wife.We know fact that Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.1.2 一般一般疑问句句疑问句句充当同位语充当同位语1.陈述句充当四种句子成分陈述句充当四种句子成分2.宾宾语从句语从句I know(that)Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.1.主语从句主语从句That Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife is true.3.表表语从句语从句The fact is that Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.4.同位
25、语从句同位语从句We know fact that Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.2.一般疑问句句充当句子成分一般疑问句句充当句子成分王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗？Is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?我想知道我想知道王王祖蓝祖蓝比他比他的妻子的妻子矮吗矮吗.I want to know is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife.Yes/No whether/if I want to know whether/if is Wang Zulan shorter than his
26、wife.I want to know whether/if Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.一般疑问句一般疑问句2.一般疑问句句充当句子成分一般疑问句句充当句子成分1.用用whether/if引导，引导，if只能引导宾语从句，只能引导宾语从句，whether可以引可以引导主语、宾语、表语，同位语从句。导主语、宾语、表语，同位语从句。2.一般疑问句变陈述语气。一般疑问句变陈述语气。2.1一般疑问句句充当主语一般疑问句句充当主语王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗？Is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?王王祖蓝比他的妻
27、子祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮不重要矮不矮不重要.Whether is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife is not important.Whether Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife is not important.2.2一般疑问句句充当一般疑问句句充当宾宾语语王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗？Is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?我不知道王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮我不知道王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮。I dont know whether/if is Wang Zulan shorter t
28、han his wife.I dont know whether/if Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.2.3一般疑问句句充当表语一般疑问句句充当表语王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗？Is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?我的问题是王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮我的问题是王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮。My question is whether Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.My question is whether is Wang Zulan shorter than his wi
29、fe.2.4一般疑问句句充当同位语一般疑问句句充当同位语王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗？Is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?我有个问题：王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮我有个问题：王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮。I have a question whether Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.I have a question whether is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife.2.一般疑问句充当四种句子成分一般疑问句充当四种句子成分2.2宾语从句宾语从句I dont know wheth
30、er/if Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.2.1主语从句主语从句2.3表语从句表语从句My question is whether Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.2.4同位语从句同位语从句I have a question whether Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.Whether Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife is not important.3.特殊疑问句句充当句子成分特殊疑问句句充当句子成分1.用用what,who,wh
31、ich,when,where,why,how引导主语、宾引导主语、宾语、表语，同位语从句。语、表语，同位语从句。2.一般疑问句变陈述语气。一般疑问句变陈述语气。3.1 特殊疑问句句充当特殊疑问句句充当主语主语Why is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?为什么为什么王祖蓝比王祖蓝比他的妻子矮？他的妻子矮？为什么为什么王祖蓝比王祖蓝比他的妻子他的妻子矮矮不重要不重要。Why is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife isnt important.陈述语气陈述语气Why Wang Zulan is shorter than his w
32、ife isnt important.3.2 特殊疑问句句充当宾语特殊疑问句句充当宾语Why is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?为什么为什么王祖蓝比王祖蓝比他的妻子矮？他的妻子矮？我不知道为什么王祖蓝比我不知道为什么王祖蓝比他的妻子他的妻子矮。矮。I dont know why is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife.陈述语气陈述语气I dont know why Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.2.3特殊疑问句句充当表语特殊疑问句句充当表语为什么王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗为什么王祖蓝比他的
33、妻子矮吗？Is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?我的问题是为什么王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮我的问题是为什么王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮。My question is why Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.My question is why is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife.陈述语气陈述语气2.4一般疑问句句充当同位语一般疑问句句充当同位语为什么为什么王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗王祖蓝比他的妻子矮吗？Why is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife?我有个问题：王祖蓝比
34、他的妻子矮不矮我有个问题：王祖蓝比他的妻子矮不矮。I have a question why Wang Zulan is shorter than his wifeI have a question why is Wang Zulan shorter than his wife.陈述语气陈述语气3.特殊疑问句充当四种句子成分特殊疑问句充当四种句子成分3.2宾语从句宾语从句I dont know why Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.3.1主语从句主语从句3.3表语从句表语从句My question is why Wang Zulan is shorte
35、r than his wife.3.4同位语从句同位语从句I have a question why Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife.Why Wang Zulan is shorter than his wife is not important.连词连词（conjunction)主句主句（main clause)从句从句（subordinating clause)众所周知，地球围绕太阳转众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。这会给我们带来坏处还是好处尚需拭目以待。这会给我们带来坏处还是好处尚需拭目以待。We all knowthat the earth moves
36、 around the sun.Whether it will do us harm or goodremains to be seen.谁打这个电话给我并不重要。谁打这个电话给我并不重要。Who made the call to me is not important.你正在做的事情很有趣你正在做的事情很有趣。What you are doing is very interesting.问题是这本书是否值得一读问题是这本书是否值得一读。The question is whether the book is worth reading.我想知道他是否能很快回来我想知道他是否能很快回来。I wa
37、nt to know whether/if he will come back soon.The question why he did it has not been answered.他为什么那样做的问题还没被回答。他为什么那样做的问题还没被回答。我的意见是我们应当坚持我们的计划我的意见是我们应当坚持我们的计划。My idea is that we should stick to our plan.02状语从句连词连词（conjunction)主句主句（main clause)从句从句（subordinating clause)时间状语从句时间状语从句before 在在之前之前after
38、在在之之后后 She turned off the light她离开教室前关了灯。她离开教室前关了灯。她关她关了灯。了灯。她离开教室。她离开教室。她离开教室后关了灯。她离开教室后关了灯。她关她关了灯。了灯。她离开教室。她离开教室。She turned off the light before（she）left the classroom.after（she)left the classroom.时间状语从句时间状语从句当当她离开教室的时候关了灯。她离开教室的时候关了灯。她关她关了灯。了灯。她离开教室。她离开教室。When 当当时候时候 She turned off the light当当时候时
39、候 when/while/aswhen/while/as I sang while(I was)cooking.I sang while my father was cooking.I sang as I cooked.when（she）left the classroom.汤姆在教室等汤姆在教室等着直到雨停着直到雨停。Tom waited in the classroomTom didnt go home until the rain stopped.汤姆直到汤姆直到雨雨停才回家。停才回家。not until 直到直到才才 时间状语从句时间状语从句till/until 直到直到为止为止til
40、l/until the rain stopped.时间状语从句时间状语从句自从下雨后自从下雨后，汤姆就，汤姆就一直待在教室一直待在教室。Tom has stayed in classroomsince 自从自从一下雨，一下雨，汤姆汤姆就妈妈打电话。就妈妈打电话。As soon as it rains,as soon as 一一就就since it rained.Tom calls his mother.时间状语从句时间状语从句一旦下雨了，你就应该给你妈妈打电话一旦下雨了，你就应该给你妈妈打电话。Once it rains,you should call your mother.once 一旦一
41、旦时间状语从句时间状语从句before 在在之前之前after 在在之之后后when/while/as when/while/as 当当时候时候 till/until 直到直到为止为止not until 直到直到才才since 自从自从as soon as 一一就就once 一旦一旦1.1.他他一边走一边一边走一边唱歌唱歌。2.她她在离开办公室前关了灯在离开办公室前关了灯。3.我我将在这儿等着直到雨停将在这儿等着直到雨停。4.他他一到北京就给我打电话一到北京就给我打电话。As soon as he gets to Beijing,hell call me.Ill wait here till
42、the rain stops.She turned off the light before she left the office.He sang as he walked.原因原因状语从句状语从句becauseforsinceasHe didnt go to school because he was ill.As it was raining,we went there by bus.Since everybody is here,lets begin.It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.条件条件状语从句状语从句unl
43、essIf you dont go soon,youll be late.You will not fail unless you work hard.如果如果if除非除非让步让步状语从句状语从句虽然虽然,即使，尽管即使，尽管thoughalthoughno matter whateven though/ifAlthough/Though/Even though/Even if he is alone,he is happy.无论无论Nobody believed you no matter what you said.目的目的状语从句状语从句为了为了so thatin order thatT
44、he teacher speaks loudly in order that/so that every student can hear her clearly.方式方式状语从句状语从句as 按照，正如按照，正如We did as he told us.as if/though好像，似乎好像，似乎I remember the whole thing as if/though it happened yesterday.so.that结果结果状语从句状语从句so后接形容词或后接形容词或副词；副词；若若名词之前名词之前many、much、little、few时，用时，用so。so.that 如此
45、如此 以至于以至于He was so excited to see her that he couldnt say a word.She has so little education that she is unable to get a job.比较比较状语从句状语从句than比比as.as.和和 一样一样not as.as不如不如那样那样I know you better than she doesHe works as carefully as she.I cant run as fast as you.地点地点状语从句状语从句Where there is a will,there is a way.You can take it with you wherever you go.Wherever 无论无论哪里哪里where 哪里哪里
