1、People of AchievementTry to become not a man of success,but try rather to become a man of value.Albert EinsteinWord StudyWord formationsWord formations1.physiology n.生理学_ n.生物学_n.地质学_ n.心理学_ 生态学2.crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的_ adv.关键地3.vital adj.极其重要的；同：significant adj.重要的_ n.生命力；活力_adv.极其 mit vt.承诺；vi.全心全
2、意投入;犯（错误、罪行等）_ n.承诺；奉献_ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的5.objective n.目标；adj.客观的 【反】：subjective adj.主观的_n.物品；研究对象 v.反对6.academy n.研究院_ adj.学业的;学术的_ adv.学术上7.botanical adj.植物学的_adv.植物学地_n.植物学 _ n.植物学家biologygeologypsychologyecologycruciallyvitalityvitallycommitmentcommittedobjectacademicacademicallybotanicallybotanybot
3、anist8.evaluate vt.评价;评估_n.评估9.property n.性质;特征 复数：properties;财产U10.boil vt./vi.(使)沸腾;n.沸腾_adj.沸腾的 11.liquid v.液体 adj.液体的_ n.固体 adj.牢固的12.obtain vt.获得_ n.获得_ adj.可获得13.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢_ n.承认；感谢14.analyse vt.分析_ n.分析 (pl.)analyses15.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然_ adj.显而易见的；显然的；16.scientif
4、ic adj.科学(上)的;_ adv.科学地 _ n.科学_ n.科学家17.conclusion n.结论；推论_ v.得出结论；推断出evaluationboilingsolidobtainmentobtainableacknowledgementanalysisapparentscientificallysciencescientistconclude18.novelist n.小说家 _n.小说 19.found vt.(founded-founded)创立；_ n.建立者;发起人 _ n.基础;基金 find v.发现，认为（found-found)20.infer vt.推断;推
5、定(inferred-inferred)_ n.推论;推断 infer sth from sth 从推断出21.theory n.理论;学说_adj.理论的25.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的 _adv.温柔地;有礼貌地 _n.温和;和善;高贵_n.绅士26.passion n.酷爱;激情_adj.热情的;热烈的 _adv.热情地；强烈地 27.extraordinary adj.不一般的;非凡的_adv.非常;非凡地_adj.普通的；平淡无奇的28.gradually adv.逐渐地 _adj.逐渐的;逐步的e to power (开始)掌权 _n.权利；能力；力量；电力novelfo
6、underfoundationinferencetheoreticalgentlygentlenessgentlemanpassionatepassionatelyextraordinarilyordinarygradualpower30.consequence n.结果;后果_adj.随之发生的;作为结果的 _adv.因此;所以 as a consequence因此,结果 31.professor n.教授 _n.职业 _adj.专业的 n.专家32.mourn v.哀悼;忧伤 _adj.忧伤的 _adv.悲哀地33.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的 _adv.明显地;非常地 _
7、v.评论 n.非凡consequentconsequentlyprofessionprofessionalmournfulmournfullyremarkablyremark1.crucial1.crucial adj.关键性的;至关重要的 be crucial to sth./doing sth.be crucial to sth./doing sth.play a crucial role/part in sth.play a crucial role/part in sth.1.The early learning years are crucial to are crucial to
8、a childs educational development.2.It is crucial forIt is crucial for teenagers to develop into mature and responsible members of society.3.The city of Mycenae played a crucial role played a crucial role in the history of Greece.翻译句子：(1)她的工作对于这个项目的成功至关重要。(2)关键是要马上着手处理这一问题。Her work has been crucial t
9、o the projects success.It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.2.vital2.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital to/forbe vital to/for 对至关重要 It is vital to do sth.It is vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的 It is vital that.It is vital that.是至关重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即should do,should可以省略)of vital importanc
10、e of vital importance(=very important)至关重要1.Consideration for other people is vital tovital to all of us.2.Whats worse,some drivers do not think it vital tothink it vital to obey traffic rules.4.Its vital that weIts vital that we (shouldshould)help children set correct moral values.(1)Its vital that
11、 we _(carry)out the operation immediately.(2)Whats worse,some drivers do not think it vital _(obey)traffic rules.(2015江苏改)(3)Interest is as vital to_(learn)as the ability to understand,even more so.(2012安徽改)(should)carryto mitvt.犯（错误、罪行等）;vi.&vt.（使）承担义务；vt.投入 vt vt 犯（错误、罪行等）犯（错误、罪行等）commit murder/a
12、crime commit murder/a crime/a mistake 1.Smoking is committing suicide committing suicide slowly.vi&vtvi&vt（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证 2.2.The world has already committed to establishingcommitted to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fmit oneself to(doing)sthcommit oneself to(doing)sth:3.A talented
13、 scientist well known for his commitment to his country,Huang 4.Danian committed himself tocommitted himself to his research in mit oneself to do sthcommit oneself to do sth:5.Both sides committed themselves to settle the conflicts mitvt.犯（错误、罪行等）;vi.&vt.（使）承担义务；vt.投入 vt vt 投入投入 to spend money or ti
14、me on sth/sb：commit sth to(doing)sthcommit sth to(doing)sth:6.Once we have committed to committed to this course of action there is no going back.adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的：a committed member of the team 7.He loved playing this instrument,and was committed to committed to practicing it.单句语法填空(1)He has committed
15、himself _(support)them.(2)The boy _(commit)to the care of his aunt yesterday.(3)What really matters about a leader is their _(commit)to getting to the right answer and to doing it in the right mited commited to supportwas mitvt.犯（错误、罪行等）;vi.&vt.（使）承担义务；vt.投入 翻译划线部分(1)The government must commit itsel
16、f to improving healthcare.(2)He was sent to prison for a crime that he didnt commit.(3)Like so many men,he has problems committing himself to a relationship.(4)We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end of the year.他蒙冤入狱。他也存在用情不专的问题致力于改善医疗保健服务水平承诺撤出军队mitvt.犯（错误、罪行等）;vi.&vt.（使）承担义务；vt.投入 完
17、成句子(1)China _,development and cooperation in international affairs.中国在国际事务中一贯致力于和平、发展与合作。(2)I _ now and cannot draw back.我已经做了承诺，无法反悔。高考链接Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.(2012湖北)A.project B.commitmentC.competition D.a
18、mbitionis committed to peacehave committed myselfB输 入 标 题您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本4.evaluate4.evaluatevt.评价；评估evaluate+how/whether.评估/评价evaluation n估计；评价make an evaluation of 对进行评估1.I cant evaluate his ability without seeing his work.2.The anger was that all the rest
19、 of us were evaluated on what we produced.3.Therefore,establishing an evaluation system is necessary for our course reform.4.In order that you can stay motivated to achieve the goal,firstly you need to evaluate yourself properly.输 入 标 题4.evaluate4.evaluatevt.评价；评估单句语法填空(1)We must evaluate her abilit
20、y _ her work.(2)The school has only been open for six months,so its hard _(evaluate)its success.(3)The key approaches to be used in test and _(evaluate)have been proven right.高考链接：It is widely acknowledged that students should be_(评价)in terms of overall quality.on/byto evaluateevaluationevaluated/as
21、sessed输 入 标 题5.distinct5.distinctadj.有区别的；清晰的，清楚的It is distinct that.It is distinct that.很明显be distinct from.in.be distinct from.in.在方面与不同（=be different from.in.）1.The African elephant is divided into two distinct speciestwo distinct species.2.The two flowers are quite distinct from are quite distin
22、ct from one another,so it is easy to make a distinction between them.3.It is distinct that 3.It is distinct that we should make a distinction make a distinction between the two cases.distinctiondistinction the chief distinction of Chinese poetry把把A A与与B B 区分开来区分开来make/draw a distinction between A an
23、d Btell the difference between A and Btell/distinguish A from Bdistinguish between A and B5.distinct5.distinctadj.有区别的；清晰的，清楚的distinctly adv.明显地;无疑地，确实地4.In the process of second language learning,there distinctly exists negative transfer in the meaning and usages of words.单句语法填空：(1)Danxi medicine r
24、eflects _(distinct)the economic and cultural communication and social culture the Yuan Dynasty.(2)There are two _(distinct)factions within the one political party.(3)Theres a clear _(distinct)between the dialects spoken in the two regions.distinctlydistinctdistinction输 入 标 题6.boil6.boil v.沸腾；煮开；烧开沸腾
25、；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点沸腾；沸点boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开的水falling leaves 正在落的树叶 fallen leaves 落叶boil down to something 主要原因是、归根结底是口语中可以常用 It all boils down to 这个简单句型，表示“归根结底就一件事儿1.A watched pot never boils.2.His rudeness made her boil with anger.3.Big,sweeping life changes really boil down to small,eve
26、ryday decisions.4.It boils down to one question:do you really want to learn English well?(1)100 is the temperature_which water will boil.(2012全国改)(2)The problem_(boil)down to one thing:lack of money.atboils 输 入 标 题7.obtain 7.obtain vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得 vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行obtain.from/out of/through.obtain.fr
27、om/out of/through.从中得到obtain knowledge/ones degree获得知识/学位obtain sb.sth.obtain sth.for sb.给某人带来某物obtain sth.by doing sth.通过做某事获得某物obtain sth.from sb./sth.从某人/物获得某物1.Such information is easily obtained from the Internet.2.We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.3.As far as Im c
28、oncerned,what he had done obtained him respect.单句语法填空(1)Her successful performance obtained great honour _ her.(2)Details can be obtained _ the Department of Education.(3)The value of a person can _(obtain)by relative evaluation.forfrombe obtained输 入 标 题您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。您的内容打在这
29、里，或者通过复制您的文本8.8.acknowledgeacknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢acknowledge(doing/having done)sth.承认(做了)某事acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as 承认某人/某物是acknowledge that承认Its generally/universally/widely acknowledged that大家公认acknowledgement n承认；感谢；确认1.She is usually acknowledged as/to be one of our best artists.2.
30、I wish to acknowledge your assistance in the making of this film.3.It is widely acknowledged that the film is instructive and full of emotion.4.I was standing right next to her,but she didnt even acknowledge me.【特别提醒】acknowledge表示“承认做了某事”，其后可接动词-ing形式，也可接that从句，但通常不接不定式。输 入 标 题您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在
31、此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本8.8.acknowledgeacknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢单句语法填空(1)With no solid evidence,he refused to acknowledge _(steal)the ladys purse.(2)She is acknowledged _(be)one of the best singers in the world.(3)I was sent a free copy in _(acknowledge)of my contribution.完成句子人们普遍
32、认为应该依据整体素质来评价学生。(4)People _ students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(5)_ students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.stealing/having stolento beacknowledgementwidely acknowledge thatIt is widely acknowledged that输 入 标 题9.9.defeatdefeat defeat an enemy 打败敌人suffer a defea
33、t 败北acknowledge/admit/accept defeat 承认失败；认输1.Our team was narrowly defeated in the final.2.Dont let your arms relax as that would defeat the object/purpose of the exercise.单句语法填空(1)Nian _(defeat),and from then on,the color red has been considered to bring good luck and good fortune to all.(2)Most of
34、 you really believe that the way you get to what you do want is _(defeat)what you do not want.(3)This is why most senior high school students _ every day.这就是大多数高中生每天遭受失败的原因。was defeatedto defeatsuffer defeatvt.击败；战胜；使(计划、希望)落空；使受挫；n.输 入 标 题您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本10
35、.10.analyseanalyseanalyse the data 分析数据1.With his help,weve learned how to analyse and settle problems.2.Water samples taken from streams were analysed for contamination by chemicals.analysis nC&U 分析carry on/do an analysis of 对.作分析3.She is carrying out a close analysis of the situation.单句语法填空(1)The
36、report was written after_(analyse)data from the case histories of thousands of patients.(2)The blood samples were sent to the lab _(analyse).(3)We sent the sample to the laboratory for _(analyse).vt.分析,分解,解释analysingto be analysedanalysis输 入 标 题您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您
37、的文本11.11.apparentlyapparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的It is apparent that 显然1.He was apparently much surprised at the news.2.It is apparent that the house was ruined beyond repair.3.As is apparently
38、 shown in the picture,we can see clearly the struggle between people and desert.4.For no apparent reason,the train suddenly stopped.单句语法填空(1)He paused,_(apparent)lost in thought.(2)Soon,it was apparent to everyone _ he couldnt sing.apparentlythat输 入 标 题12.substance12.substancenC 物质；东西；U事实基础；根据a chem
39、ical/radioactive substance 化学/放射性物质active substance 活性物质;相关活性物质bionic substance 生源物质1.Without them,there is nothing of substance in this company.2.What sort of substance could withstand those temperatures?3.This new information gives substance to the stories we have heard.substantial adj.大量的;价值大的；重大
40、的；实质的;内容充实的；牢固的a substantial change 重大变化a substantial salary/breakfast 丰厚的薪水/丰盛的早餐a substantial house 结实的房子4.The thesis may at first strike one as extreme,but substantial evidence exists to support it.输 入 标 题您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本13.insist13.insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求in
41、sist on/upon(doing)sth.坚决要求(做)某事在“insistthat”结构中，当insist作“坚决主张，坚持要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。1.My mother insisted that I(should)clean my room first.2.She insisted on/upon(our)going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable.3.Though all his
42、friends blamed him,he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.4.You should respect the views of others,and at the same time insist on what you think is right.输 入 标 题13.insist13.insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求单句语法填空(1)He insisted _ walking me to the station to see me off.(2)The teacher insisted on all the homew
43、ork _(hand)in on Monday.(3)He insisted that the problem _(discuss)at the meeting.完成句子(4)The woman insists that _and cant do it.那位女士坚持说她丈夫是个诚实的人，不会做那件事情的。(5)We insisted that _ himself.我们坚持让他自己完成这项工作。on/uponbeing handed(should)be discussedher husband is an honest manhe(should)finish the work输 入 标 题14.
44、conclusion14.conclusionn.结论;结束come to/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论come to the conclusion that.得出的结论in conclusion 总而言之conclude.from=conclude from.that 从.推断出.conclude sth with sth=conclude sth by doing sth 以(做)某事结束某事单句填空We can safely draw the _(conclude)that more practice is crucial to our daily study.
45、_ conclusion,I like everything in spring,especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain and sunshine.The concert began with a piece of relaxing music and concluded _a piece of soft music.conclusionInwith输 入 标 题14.conclusion14.conclusionadj.有区别的；清晰的，清楚的一句多译我从我自己的经历中得出结论:患难见真情。I _a friend in need
46、 is a friend indeed.(conclusion)I _a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)drew the conclusion from my own experiences thatconcluded from my own experiences that输 入 标 题15.circumstance15.circumstancen.条件,环境;状况(常用复数)under/in the circumstances在此情况下under/in no circumstances决不;无论如何都不(位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装
47、)if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许单句填空_ no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity,which is vital for my future development.If _(circumstance)permit,I will go on talking about the crucial problem,which is difficult to cope with.Under/Incircumstances输 入 标 题16.flow16.flow(液体、气体、电等)流动；流出：
48、1.Its here that the river flows down into the ocean比喻人或事物像水一样流逝；流畅；流淌2.Time flows away.3.Her hair flowed down over her shoulders.4.Trucks and cars flowed along the highway.nC&U流；流动：a flow of people/carsfree flow of information输 入 标 题17.extraordinary17.extraordinaryadj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;特派的Extraordinary it
49、em 特殊帐项;非常项目extraordinary ability 杰出才能1.We witnessed the extraordinary sight of an old lady climbing a tree to rescue her cat.2.Eastern Europe was completely transformed by the extraordinary events of 1989 and 1990.输 入 标 题18.consequence18.consequencen.结果;后果;影响as a consequence=in consequence因此;结果as a
50、 consequence of=in consequence of由于的缘故of no/little consequence不重要的,无足轻重的consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的consequently adv.因此;结果_,her opinion is of little _to the plan.(consequent)She was over age limit and,in _(consequent),her application was rejected.(2020全国卷)I wonder if parents should always tell the tru
