1、选修一选修一 Unit 4Reading and thinkingLanguage Points重点重点短语短语1.figure out 2.get through 3.feel down 4.apart from 5.approve of 6.相比之下相比之下 7.(与与)相比较相比较8.推理推理;推断推断9.消除消除;分解分解;打破打破10.与与不同不同猜测猜测度过度过;完成完成沮丧沮丧除除之外之外赞同赞同by contrastby comparisonmake inferencesbreak downvary from Sun Fang,a psychology teacher and
2、counselor at a high school in Hubei province,interacts with students in class.1.interaction n.相互作用相互作用；互动互动 interact v.交流交流 interactive adj.相互的相互的interaction with 与与.的交流的交流interact with 相互相互影响影响After initiation,the youths started to interact with the older members.You got to interact with your audie
3、nces.There is a need for more interaction between staff and children.interact和和communicate的用法的用法区别区别interact 是互动是互动,是一比众多的是一比众多的.communticate是沟通是沟通,是一比一的是一比一的.2.vary vi.(根据情况根据情况)变化变化;改变改变vary in sth 在某方面不同在某方面不同vary with sth 随随而变化而变化vary from.to.从从到到不等不等;在在到到之间变动之间变动vary between.and.由由到到情况不等情况不等var
4、iety n.不同种类不同种类;多种式样多种式样;变化变化;多样性多样性a variety of=varieties of 许多的许多的;各种各样的各种各样的various adj.各种各样的各种各样的温馨提示温馨提示“a variety of+复数名词复数名词”用作主语用作主语,谓语要用复数谓语要用复数;“the variety of+复数名词复数名词”用作主语用作主语,谓语要用单数。谓语要用单数。the variety of表表示示“.的种类的种类”a variety of/varieties of既可修饰可数名词既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词也可修饰不可数名词.修饰修饰可数名词可数
5、名词作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数;修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Many people choose to shop on the Internet,as it offers a variety(vary)of goods.(2)Our teachers make us acquire knowledge through various(vary)interesting activities.(3)Prices of the hotel vary with the type of t
6、he room you book.一句多译一句多译由于各种原因由于各种原因,我不愿去参加他的生日聚会。我不愿去参加他的生日聚会。(4)For various reasons,Id prefer not to attend his birthday party.(various)(5)For a variety of reasons,Id prefer not to attend his birthday party.(variety)(6)For varieties of reasons,Id prefer not to attend his birthday party.(varieties
7、)3.appropriate adj.合适的合适的;恰当的恰当的be appropriate to/for 适合适合It is(not)appropriate for sb to do sth.某人某人(不不)适合做某事。适合做某事。It is appropriate that.是合适的。是合适的。(从句中要使用虚拟从句中要使用虚拟语气语气“should+动词原形动词原形”)appropriately adv.适当地适当地;合适地合适地inappropriate adj.不合适的，不恰当的不合适的，不恰当的温馨提示温馨提示在在It is appropriate that.中中,It是形式主语是
8、形式主语,真正主语为后面真正主语为后面的的that从句。从句。that从句中要使用从句中要使用虚拟语气虚拟语气“should+动词原形动词原形”,should也可以省略。也可以省略。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)You should do it at the appropriate time(在在适当的时间适当的时间).(2)Your clothes are not appropriate for(不适合不适合)a job interview.(3)Its not appropriate for(这是不适当的这是不适当的)a student to litter and scribble
9、 about.4.contrast vi.形成对比形成对比vt.对比对比;对照对照n.对比对比;对照对照by/in contrast 相比之下相比之下in contrast to/with.和和相对照相对照contrast.with.对比对比contrast with 显出差异显出差异;形成对照形成对照学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)In contrast to his brother,he was always considerate in his treatment of others.(2)It is interesting to contrast the British
10、legal system with the American one.5.approve vi.赞成赞成;同意同意vt.批准批准;通过通过approve of sth 赞成赞成/同意某事同意某事approve of(ones)doing sth 赞成赞成/同意做某事同意做某事approval n.批准批准;认可认可;赞成赞成meet with/earn ones approval 得到某人的赞许得到某人的赞许give ones approval to sth 批准批准/同意某事同意某事disapprove vi.不赞成不赞成;不同意不同意温馨提示温馨提示 approve 表示表示“赞成赞成;同
11、意同意”时时,是不及物动词是不及物动词,构成构成approve of短语短语;表示表示“批准批准;通过通过”时时,是及物动词是及物动词,指正式地或官方批准或通过。指正式地或官方批准或通过。单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)A survey done recently shows that not all parents approve their children taking part in the weekend classes.(2)He doesnt approve of my(take)up the job as an editor.(3)The chairman has also gi
12、ven his(approve)for an investigation into the case.(4)I approve of _(try)to make money,but please dont ignore your studies.of takingapprovaltrying6.witness vt.当场看到当场看到;目击目击;见证见证n.目击者目击者;证人证人witness sth/that.目击目击witness to(doing)sth证实证实/证明证明(做做)某事某事a witness of/to sth 某事的目击者某事的目击者/见证人见证人/证明证明/证据证据用用w
13、itness的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)The police are looking for to the accident.(2)Recent years the development of the tourist industry.witnesses have witnessed7.employ vt.使用使用;应用应用;雇用雇用employ sb as/to be.雇用某人为雇用某人为employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事雇用某人做某事employ oneself in doing sth=be employed in doing sth 忙于忙于做某事做某事em
14、ployer n.雇主雇主;老板老板employee n.雇员雇员;受雇者受雇者employment n.工作工作;职业职业;雇用雇用学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)She employed herself(she)in writing,so she did not notice what was happening.(2)A number of teachers have been employed to deal(deal)with the work.(3)His daughter was seventeen and had no employment(employ).8.i
15、dentical adj.相同的相同的be identical in.在在方面相同方面相同be identical to/with 和和完全相同的完全相同的the same as.和和相同的相同的be similar to.和和类似类似be different from.和和不同的不同的学以致用学以致用 单句单句语法填空语法填空(1)You look identical to/with your mother when she was your age.(2)The accident was similar to the one that happened in 2018.(3)At 72 y
16、ears old,her voice sounded just the same as it did when she was 21.(4)The two English words are identical in meaning.9.differ vi.相异相异;不同于不同于differ from 与与不同不同differ in 在在方面不同方面不同differ with/from sb on/about/over sth 在某事上与某人意见不同在某事上与某人意见不同different adj.不同的不同的be different from.in.在在方面与方面与不同不同differenc
17、e n.差别差别;不同不同make a difference(to.)(对对)有作用或影响有作用或影响make no difference(to.)(对对)没有作用或影响没有作用或影响学以致用学以致用 单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Worried about my health,I tried many different(differ)kinds of diets but nothing worked.(2)Therere many differences(differ)between British English and American English.(3)Leaves are fo
18、und on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly in size and shape.(4)Humans differ other animals in their ability to speak.(5)What you have told me may make a(differ)to my own position.from difference10.favour vt.较喜欢较喜欢;选择选择;有利于有利于 n.帮助帮助;恩惠恩惠;赞同赞同favour doing sth 喜欢做某事喜欢做某事ask sb a favour请某人帮忙请某人
19、帮忙do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人忙帮某人忙in favour of 同意同意;支持支持;赞成赞成in ones favour有利于某人有利于某人;对对有利有利单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Then we voted for the monitor and the result was 28 to 15 Wang Hongs favour.(2)Do me favour and turn the radio down while I am on the phone,will you?(3)I talked to my nephew about it,
20、and he was in favour going there with us.in aof11.break down 消除消除;分解分解;打破打破;(机器机器)发生故障发生故障;(身体身体)垮掉垮掉;崩溃崩溃写出下列句中写出下列句中break down的含义的含义(1)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(2)You will break down if you always stay up late.(3)We were downloading learning materials when our computer
21、broke down.(4)We broke down the students into several small groups when we have oral class.(谈判谈判)失败失败(身体身体)垮掉垮掉出故障出故障分解分解We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their
22、body language.Words are important,but the way people stand,hold their arms,and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.Para.1本句是并列复合句。本句是并列复合句。people stand,hold their arms,and move their hands是定语从句，是定语从句，修饰先行词修饰先行词the way.关系词在从句中做状语，可用关系词在从句中做状语，可用that/in which或省略掉。或省略掉。wa
23、y表示表示“方式、方法方式、方法”，在句中作先行词，定语从句中缺状语时，定，在句中作先行词，定语从句中缺状语时，定语从句引导词可用语从句引导词可用that，也可用，也可用in which，或，或什么都不用什么都不用。way作先行词的定语从句作先行词的定语从句1e.g.I dont like the way that he laughed at me.=I dont like the way in which he laughed at me.=I dont like the way he laughed at me.way作先行词的定语从句作先行词的定语从句way作先行词，定语从句中缺主语或宾
24、语时，定语从句引作先行词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，定语从句引导词用导词用that/which（做动词后的宾语可省略）（做动词后的宾语可省略）。2e.g.He has given you the way that/which is best to solve the problem.1.I admire the way _ he manages to see both sides of the question.2.Suddenly,I remembered the way _ I had adopted to cope with the question.3.Some poems descr
25、ibe something in a way _ will give the reader a strong impression.(that/in which)(that/which)that/whichJust like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.For example,making eye contact
26、looking into someones eyesin some countries is a way to display interest.In other countries,by contrast,eye contact is not always approved of.For example,in many Middle Eastern countries,men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.In Japan,it may demonstrate respect to look down whe
27、n talking to an older person.Para.2定语从句定语从句解释说明解释说明In other countries,by contrast,eye contact is not always approved of.考点提炼:部分否定部分否定:当含有全体意义的代词或副词如all,each,every(及其派生词),both,always,often,entirely,wholly等和否定词not连用的时候,构成部分否定,意为“并非都,并非总是”。Not all cultures greet each other the same way.All the people d
28、idnt arrive on schedule.=Not all the people arrived on schedule.并非所有的人都按时到达。(1)但是并非所有的城市都在很长一段时间内发展缓慢。But cities develop slowly over a long period of time.(2)并非所有的人都能过上幸福的生活。_can lead a happy life.not allNot all the peopleThe gesture for“OK”has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan,someo
29、ne who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.In France,a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.However,you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as it is not considered polite.Para.3定语从句定语从句现在分词做宾补现在分词做宾补现在分词做后置
30、定语，修饰现在分词做后置定语，修饰a person把把.解释为解释为.as 是介词是介词Even the gestures we use for“yes”and“no”differ around the world.In many countries,shaking ones head means“no”,and nodding means“yes”.By comparison,in Bulgaria and southern Albania,the gestures have the opposite meaning.There are also differences in how we
31、touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.Para.4省略省略that 或或which 的定语从句的定语从句(与与)相比较相比较并列句并列句三个三个how引导的宾语从句，做介词引导的宾语从句，做介词in 的宾语。的宾语。and 连接，构成排比，增强语势。连接，构成排比，增强语势。In countries like France and Russia,people may kiss their friends on the cheek w
32、hen they meet.Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else.Para.4常用介词常用介词in(接触较软的部位接触较软的部位)，on(接触较硬的部位接触较硬的部位)，by(常与动词常与动词take,seize,catch,lead等连用等连用)Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.Placing your hands together and
33、resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means“sleep”.A good way of saying“I am full”is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.Para.5way 作作“方法方法,方式方式”讲时讲时,其后可接其后可接不定式不定式，也可接，也可接 of doing sth.,表示做某事的方法表示做某事的方法。Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps
34、 the best example is smiling.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down barriers.We can use a smile to apologise,to greet someone,to ask for help,or to start a conversation.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to
35、make yourself feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.Para.6And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.否定词否定词+比较级表示最高级含义比较级表示最高级含义基本结构：基本结构：否定词
36、否定词+形容词或副词的比较级（形容词或副词的比较级（+than）常用的否定词：常用的否定词：no,not,never,nothing,nobody,hardly 等等一般理解为：一般理解为：再没有比再没有比.更更.的了；再的了；再.不过了不过了I have never seen a more energetic man.I couldnt agree with you more.Nothing is more precious than health.cant/never 与与too 连用，表示连用，表示“再再.也不过分也不过分”You cant be too careful while driving the car.你开车时再怎么小心也不为过。你开车时再怎么小心也不为过。
