1、1、devote vt.把把献献(给给);把把专用于专用于;专专心于心于devote A to B 把A用于/献身B;为B付出Adevote oneself to(doing)sth.致力/献身/专心于be devoted to(doing)sth.致力/献身/专心于devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的深爱的；忠诚的devotion n.奉献奉献;忠诚忠诚;专心专心1)The bands latest album is very poor,although _(devote)fans might enjoy it.2)Her _(devote)to the job left her with
2、 very little free time.3)He continued to work there for almost 50 years,_(把他的一生奉献给了国家).4)The scientist devoted himself to _(observe)the behavior of the chimps.5)_(devote)to scientific research wholeheartedly,he spends little time with his family.6)袁隆平一生致力于杂交水稻的研究，赢得了全人类的尊敬与爱戴。(非谓语)Devoted to studyin
3、g the hybrid rice,Yuan Longping earned the respect and love of all humans.Devoting himself to studying the hybrid rice,Yuan Longping earned the respect and love of all humans.devoteddevotionDevotedobservingdevoting his whole life to his countrya shortage of的缺乏be short of缺乏be short for是的简称in short总之；
4、简而言之shortly after不久之后shorten vt.缩短；减少缩短；减少 So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit (short)than anticipated.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too,which might cause catastrophic global (short)of work force within a few decades.These include p
5、lants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show (它们何时缺水).Do you know he is a DJ,short disc jockey?shortershortagewhen they are short of waterfortackle vt.解决解决(难题难题)/应付应付(局面局面)/处理处理 与与.商谈商谈/交涉交涉1)She has spent a lot of time scratching her head about how to tackle the difficult math problem.
6、crisis krass n.C 危机危机;危急关头危急关头crises krasi:z 复数复数1)解决政治/经济危机 tackle a political/economic crisis2)The financial crisis left many people unemployed,which couldnt be tackled by economic experts.yield n.C产量产量;产出产出 vt.出产出产(作物作物);产生产生(收益、效益等收益、效益等)vi.屈服屈服;让步让步 1)His investments yielded good returns.2)The
7、soldiers had to yield.3)提高产量boost yields 4)结出硕果yield fruits 同义词：同义词：give way to.让步让步/屈服屈服;让路让路 give in 让步让步/屈服屈服boost ones confidence增强某人的信心get/receive a boost得到鼓舞/提高/发展a boost to/for 对于的激励/推动Therefore,people can work for longer,consume more and in general be a boost the economy.(2020.1浙江浙江)Try to m
8、ake the hole in a damp area (boost)the water catchers productivity.Childhood activities help a child (提升信心和能力提升信心和能力)to/forto boostto boost confidence and competenceconvince sb.of sth.convince sb.thatconvince sb.to do sth.说服某人某事使某人确信说服某人做某事be convinced that某人相信convincing adj.有说服力的，使人信服的convinced adj
9、.坚信坚信;深信深信;确信确信The seller persuaded the man into buying the car in an utterly (convince)way.Most people are convinced the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.We (深信深信)we were doing the right thing.These results demonstrate (convince)that our campaign
10、is working.convincing thatwere firmly convinced thatconvincingly characteristic n.C特征特征;&adj.典型的典型的;独特的独特的character n.C角色角色；品质品质；文字文字 The former president is always speaking with a characteristic way.人的性格人或事物的特征、特点attain vt.(通常经过努力通常经过努力)获得获得;得到得到;达到达到(某年龄某年龄/水平水平/状况状况)attainable adj.可到达的可到达的;可得到的可得
11、到的;可实现的可实现的attainment n.达到达到;成就成就;才能才能;达到达到同义词：同义词：get/gain/obtain/acquire/achieve1)He set himself a high goal that he would earn 100 million yuan and spared no effort _ it.Do you think it is an _ goal?(attain)2)不论别人说什么，只要你不放弃，就一定能实现你的目标。No matter what others say,you can attain your goal as long as
12、you never give up.to attainattainableassume that把某人/某物假象为/认为是assume sb./sth.to be假设/假定It is assumed that人们认为on the assumption that假设/假定assuming(that)conj.=ifmake an assumption 作假设；认为 It is generally (assume)that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.We are w
13、orking the assumption that the conference will take place as planned.(assume)that his story is true,what should we do?assumedonAssumingintense adj.热切的热切的;十分强烈的十分强烈的;激烈的激烈的 be intense about 对热心/情/衷intensely adv.强烈地强烈地;极度极度;剧烈地剧烈地intensity n.强烈，剧烈；强度，烈度强烈，剧烈；强度，烈度1)酷热/剧痛intense heat/pain2)竞争激烈intense
14、competition3)Hes very intense about everything about nature.被(感情)所控制，受到情绪极大影响Charles (感到悲痛欲感到悲痛欲绝绝)the grief at his fathers death.He eventually (overcome)difficulties and succeeded.be overcome with was overcome/overwhelmed with 被(感情)所控制，受到情绪极大影响be overwhelmed with/byovercameexpand v.扩大扩大;增加增加;扩展扩展;发
15、展发展(业务业务)expansion n.扩张扩张;扩展扩展;扩大扩大;膨胀膨胀 1)开阔视野expand/broaden ones view2)扩宽.的知识面expand/broaden knowldge of.output n.产量产量;输出输出;输出量输出量&vt.输出输出 扩大产量expand the outputinput n.输入输入;投入投入&v.输入输入(output-output;outputting)(inputted/input-inputted/input;inputting)export n.&v.出口出口import n.&v.进口进口estimate vt./n.
16、估计估计;估价估价;估算估算It is estimated that.据估计estimate sth.at.估价为.estimate sth.to be.估计underestimate vt.低估低估;看轻看轻overestimate vt.对对估计过高估计过高 in sbs estimation 据某人判断据某人判断 1)准确/官方的估计an accurate/official estimate2)It is estimated that 100 celebrities will participate in the party tomorrow.同义词：同义词：evaluate/asses
17、s It (estimate)that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 12 years on average.whos going to win your estimation？The tree is estimated (be)at least 700 years old.is estimatedinto be domestic adj.本国的本国的;国内的国内的;家用的家用的;家庭的家庭的domestically adv.家庭式地，合乎国内地家庭式地，合乎国内地1)gross(总的)domestic product 国内生产总值2)扩大
18、内需expand domestic demand 3)国内事务domestic affairs4)家用器具domestic appliances consumption n.消耗消耗;消耗量消耗量;消费消费consume v.消耗消耗;吃吃;饮饮;喝喝;烧毁烧毁consumer n.消费者消费者1)刺激国内消费boost domestic consumption 2)time-consuming adj.耗时的 3)能源消耗 energy/fuel consumption be comprised of由组成 A team (comprise)of doctors and rescuers w
19、as immediately sent to the disaster area.A team (comprise)doctors and rescuers was immediately sent to the disaster area.The most popular among the young was rock,(consist)of many different prised be made up ofbe composed ofconsist of由组成consistingcomprisinggenerate vt.产生产生;引起引起generator n.发电机发电机;电力公
20、司电力公司;生产者生产者;创始者创始者generation n.产生，一代产生，一代general n.将军将军&adj.大体的大体的/普遍的普遍的1)Wind can generate electricity2)产生收益/利润generate income/profits strain n.(动、植物的动、植物的)系系/品种品种C;拉伤拉伤;压力压力 肌肉拉伤muscle strain同义词：同义词：pressure n.压力压力;压强压强 species n.物种物种(单复数同形单复数同形)闲散，悠闲，不慌不忙在某人有空时If its convenient for you,come rou
21、nd for lunch and then we can discuss it leisure.In Dubai,you can see (leisure)young man wearing white robes and driving expensive cars.He sipped (leisure)at his drink.atat leisureat ones leisureleisuredleisurely soil n.泥士泥士;土壤土壤;国土国土;领土领土一个土生土长的人a man of the soilsbs native soil 某人的故土celebrity n.名望名望
22、;名誉名誉;名人名人;名流名流celebrities 复数复数相近词：相近词：celebrate v.庆祝庆祝;1)网红internet celebrities 2)不在乎名利care little for celebrity or moneyenvision vt.展望展望;想象想象envision(doing)sth 想象(做).同义词：同义词：imagine v.想象想象 I cant envision doing anything else with my life except for work.一颗/粒；一点点There were crumbs and (grain)of suga
23、r on the table.The story wouldnt have fooled anyone with .(有点头脑的有点头脑的).(星期天还得上班的确星期天还得上班的确不合不合常理常理。)a grain ofgrains违反常理；不合常情be/go against the graina grain of senseIt really goes against the grain to work on Sundays.vision n.C想象想象;C展望展望/构想构想;视力视力/视野视野;同义词：同义词：imagination n.想象力想象力;想象想象 prospect n.展望展
24、望 sight/view n.视力视力 salty adj.含盐的含盐的;咸的咸的 盐碱地salty landsalt n.盐盐urban adj.城市的城市的;都市的都市的;城镇的城镇的rural adj.乡村的乡村的;农村的农村的 城市建设/交通urban construction/transportation reality n.现实现实;实际情况实际情况;事实事实in reality 事实上turn.into a reality 使.成为现实bring.back to reality 使.面对现实/不再有幻想real adj.真的真的;真正的真正的;真实的真实的;实在的实在的reall
25、y adv.真实地真实地;真正地真正地;事实上事实上realize vt.实现实现1)virtual reality 虚拟现实2)a reality show 3)Exploring the Moon used to be a fantasy but _ reality now.4)In _(real),many women are forced to make a choice between family and career.5)Its time for us to bring him _ to reality.Stop daydreaming.6)As a result of the
26、soliders endless efforts,they turned the victory of the campaign _ a reality.realityintobackabomb n.C炸弹炸弹&v.轰炸轰炸;对对投炸弹投炸弹相近词：相近词：boom bum v.&n.迅速发展迅速发展/繁荣；繁荣；轰鸣轰鸣/轰响；轰响；1)bomb shelter 防空洞2)定时炸弹a time bomb 3)炸弹爆炸。The bomb goes off/explodes.tunnel n.C地下通道地下通道;地道地道;隧道隧道1)tunnel vision 视野狭隘2)开凿隧道dig/dri
27、ve a tunnelextension n.延伸；扩建部分；电话分机延伸；扩建部分；电话分机extend vt.&vi.延长；拓展延长；拓展 ；扩及；扩及同义词：同义词：stretch v.&n.延伸延伸chemical adj.与化学有关的与化学有关的;化学的化学的&n.C化学制品化学制品;化学品化学品chemistry n.化学化学 chemist n.化学家化学家;药剂师药剂师1)化工材料chemical materials2)产生化学反应create a chemical reaction The chemist is doing the chemical experimentfla
28、vor/flavour n.C&U味道味道;调味料调味料;特点特点/色色1)The fish has a wonderful flavour.这条鱼的味道很好。2)The stories have a strong regional flavour.这些故事带有浓郁的地方特色。nutrition n.营养营养;滋养滋养nutritional adj.营养营养(物物)的的nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的有营养的；营养丰富的1)营养价值nutritional valuepoverty n.贫穷贫穷;贫困贫困poor adj.贫穷的贫穷的;贫瘠的贫瘠的;可怜的可怜的;粗劣的粗劣的1
29、)过着贫困的生活live in poverty 2)脱贫overcome/get rid of poverty3)他们向往一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等社会。They envision an equal society,free from poverty and disease.organic adj.有机的有机的;不使用化肥的不使用化肥的;器官的器官的1)有机农业 organic agriculture -icide/-cide杀（名词后缀）insecticide n.suicide n.herbicide n.genocide n.杀虫剂自杀除草剂种族大屠杀-icidal/-cidal 杀的（形
30、容词后缀）pest n.害虫害虫;害兽害兽;害鸟害鸟相应地;转而;依次;轮流in turn轮流；依次by turns 轮流做take turns(in)doing/to do.作为(对于的)回报/回应in return(for)It is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother turns.When it was his turn (deliver)his speech,he walked towards the platform,nervous and embarrassed.He spends too much time on
31、math,and this turn affects the progress of his other subjects.At the meeting they took turns (put)forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.I treated him to dinner return for his help.byto deliverinputting/to putinessential adj.完全必要的完全必要的;极其重要的极其重要的essence n.本质
32、本质/要素；要素；精华；精华；香精香精同义词：同义词：necessary/vital/crucial/very importantA be essential to B A对B不可缺少的It is essential for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是必要的It is essential that sb(should)do sth.某人做某事是必要的1)Money is not essential _ happiness.2)When we learn a language,it is essential for us _(write)compositions.3)It is
33、 essential that technology advance _(combine)with moral.4)对学生来说，劳逸结合是重要的。It is essential for students to have a balance between work and rest.to(should)be combinedto writeinstance n.例子例子;实例实例;事例事例for instance 例如;比如同义词：同义词：such as 例如例如;比如比如like prep.诸如诸如;比如像比如像take as an example 以以为例为例1)There are man
34、y things we can do._(例如，我们可以把积极的态度分享给那些消极或沮丧的人。)share our positive attitude with those who are negative or upset.For instance,we candepth n.C&U向下向下(或向里或向里)的距离的距离;深深(度度)deep adj.深的深的;纵深的纵深的deeply adv.非常非常;深深地深深地deepen v.(使使)变深变深;加深加深in depth 全面地，深入的，仔细的全面地，深入的，仔细的 adj.highwidelongstrongbroadn.heightw
35、idthlengthstrengthv.heightenwidenlenghthenstrengthenbroaden1.He did not get a chance to _(deep)his knowledge of Poland.2.His film,over two hours in _(long),is a subtle study of family life.3.The _(high)of the mountain did not discourage them.4.The move is clearly intended to _(strength)the President
36、s position as head of state.5._(在我记忆深处),many things I did with my father still live on.deepenlengthheightstrengthenIn the depths of my memoryalternate adj./vt./vi.间隔的，交替的，可供替代的（使）轮流，（使）交替alternate A and/with Balternate between A and B使A和B交替/轮流在A和B之间交替alternately adv.交替地，轮流地alternatively adv.或者，要么alt
37、ernation n.交替，轮流have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事an alternative to.的替代品 We must alternate work rest.She believes producers should welcome (alternate).He felt hot and cold (alternate)(alternative),you may telephone us direct if you wish.with/andalternativesalternatelyAlternativelyat a depth
38、 of在的深度in depth全面/深入/详细地in the depths of 处于的深渊She was (处于绝望的深渊处于绝望的深渊).Water was found a depth of 30 metres underground.The expert explained the complicated question depth.in the depths of despairatin生根;根植;深入人心;开始见效take root根本原因root cause起源于某事物be rooted in sth.(震惊,惊讶或害怕得)呆住不动rooted to the spot/groun
39、d.根除root sth.out完全彻底地root and branchEconomists believe that economic recovery will begin to (开始见效开始见效)next year.The countrys economic troubles (起源于起源于)a string of global crises.The government set out to destroy the illegal organization (完全彻底地完全彻底地).It is believed that conflict,violence and extreme p
40、overty are the (根本原因根本原因)of the economic downturn.She stood (root)to the spot,staring at him.Action is being taken to root corruption in the police force.take root are rooted in root and branchroot causesrootedoutentirely adv.全部地全部地;完整地完整地;完全地完全地entire adj.全部的全部的;整个的整个的;完全的完全的同义词：同义词：fully/totally/completely/thoroughly aspect n.C方面方面/层面层面in all aspects 各个方面Climate and weather affect our lives in all aspects.nowhere near 远不及远不及/远远不能远远不能/完全没有；完全没有；1)1.电影院远没有坐满。The hall was nowhere near full.2.她远不如她妹妹聪明。She is nowhere near as clever as her sister.
