1、WORKING THE LANDUNIT 5 By the end of this class,you will be able to:1.grasp the key words and expressions of this Unit.2.learn how to change the forms of words in the sentences.3.enlarge vocabulary by roots and affixes.4.apply more vocabulary flexibly to grammar filling and writing.Learning objectiv
2、esdevote/dvt/vt.把献(给);把专用于;专心于Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese formers,to whom he has devoted his life.原句devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的 devotion n.奉献；忠诚；挚爱拓展确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。P53 he/she is devoted to 他/她致力于For many years,Tu Youyou has been devoted to rese
3、arching into traditional Chinese medicine.（选必1U1)多年来，屠呦呦全力以赴研究中药。I still remember what you have devoted to improving my oral English and writing skills.(应用文写作之感谢信)我仍然记得你为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所做的努力。All in all,it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean.(应用文写作之倡议信)总之，我们致力于保护海洋的时候到了。举例devote/
4、dvt/vt.把献(给);把专用于;专心于归纳devote/dvt/vt.把献(给);把专用于;专心于注意:to用作介词 devote.to(doing)sth.把奉献给；把专注于 be devoted to(doing)sth.专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 devote oneself to(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事【联想】“专注于/致力于做某事”的表达 be lost in be absorbed in be engaged in be involved in focus on concentrate on1.He is so _ to his Engl
5、ish teaching that everyone admires him for his _.(devote)2.我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，他致力于教学。(应用文写作之人物描写)The person I admire most is my English teacher _.(定语从句)The person I admire most is my English teacher _.(过去分词短语作后置定语)巩固devote/dvt/vt.把献(给);把专用于;专心于devoteddevotionwho/that devotes himselfto/is devoted to his t
6、eachingdevoted to his teachingboost/bust/v.使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.Instead,farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.原句举例袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。The farm has boosted wheat production by 25 percent.农场的小麦增产了25
7、%。Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for her morale.赢得那场比赛使她士气大振。boost/bust/v.使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励 v.使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励boostboost yields 提高产量boost exports增加出口boost ones confident 增强某人的信心boost ones morale 增强某人的士气give a boost to sth.推动a boost to.增强1.通过驾驶考试极大地增强了我的自信心。Passing my driving test w
8、as such _ my confidence.2.新的度假区促进了旅游业的发展。The new resort area _ tourism.3.翻译：我必须竭尽全力振奋他的精神，并说服他不要向暂时的失败屈服。巩固boost/bust/v.使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励has boosteda boost toI must do whatever I could to boost his spirits and convince him not to yield to the temporary failure.convince/knvns/vt.使相信；使确信；说服Yuan was c
9、onvinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.原句举例袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。Im firmly convinced of the significance of honesty,which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.(演讲稿)我坚信诚实的重要性，它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。Oscar convinces the manager to look in the record of adva
10、nce ticket sales.(2012浙江卷）奥斯卡说服了经理查看预售票记录。拓展convince v.相信convincedadj.相信的convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的convince sb.of sth.使某人确信某事convince sb.that.使某人相信convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事be convinced of.坚信；确信be convinced that.确信convince/knvns/vt.使相信；使确信；说服1.First of all,you need to convince them _ your enthusi
11、asm for the job.2.Im not completely _(convince)that he has the determination to overcome the difficulty.3.His speech was so _(convince)that everyone present entirely believed what he said.4.翻译：我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大 努力履行职责。(应用文写作之竞选稿)_ and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky
12、enough to get the position.巩固convince/knvns/vt.使相信；使确信；说服ofconvincedconvincingI am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job5.我相信你会喜欢剪纸，所以我邀请你去参加展览会。(应用文写作之邀请信)_,so Id like to invite you to visit the exhibition._,Id like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)巩固convince/knvns/v
13、t.使相信；使确信；说服Convinced that you like papercutting Im convinced that you like papercutting 归纳characteristic/krktrstk/n.特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的characteristiccharacter n.istic 表示形容词“的”artistic 艺术的simplistic 过分简单的humanistic 人道主义的品质,特性,特色特征,好的品质人物,角色(书写或印刷)符号,(汉)字characteristic/krktrstk/n.特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特
14、的One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.原句举例杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.她说话带着特有的热情。She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task ea
15、sier for them.(2020全国卷)她想知道几个世纪的潜水是否会导致身体特征的进化，从而使潜水任务变得更容易。attain/ten/vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.原句举例杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。No matter what anyone says,you can attain your goals if you dont give up.不管别人说什么，只要
16、不放弃你就一定能实现你的目标。After a year she had attained her ideal weight.一年后，她达到了理想的体重。辨析巩固attain/ten/vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到attain ones goal(s)实现某人的目标attainable adj.可实现的unattainable adj.难以实现的attainment n.获得，达到1.She refused to let the injury keep her from _(attain)her goal of being in the Olympics.2.We need to set ch
17、allenging but _(attain)targets.attainingattainable归纳comsume v.消费comsumer n.消费者adoption 收养instruction 指示，吩咐organization 组织sum/sump 表示拿，买as 表示朝，向tion 名词后缀，表示状态，行为，动作，性质assure 使确信，向保证associate将与联系起来assumption/smpn/n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得归纳assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得assume v.假定assumption n.假定assu
18、me sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为It is generally assumed that.人们普遍认为assuming(that).假设on the assumption that.假定make an assumption 认为；假定assumption/smpn/n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得The common assumption then was that it could not be done.原句举例当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。It was impossible to make assumptions about peoples reac
19、tions.臆断人们的反应是不可能的。Be willing to challenge your assumptions and then learn from that.要愿意挑战你的假设，然后从中学习。巩固assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得1._(assume)you are right,we will make a great deal of money from the project.2.It _(assume)that mental health is related to physical health.3.A lot of people make
20、 the _(assume)that poverty only exists in the third world.4._ the assumption that everyone invited will turn up,the hall is a little crowded.Assumingis assumedassumptionOn巩固assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得5.假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动，丰富我们的学校生活。（应用文写作之竞选稿）_，I will organize more colorful afterclass
21、 activities to enrich our school life.Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Unionovercome/vkm/vt.克服；解决；战胜过去式：overcame 过去分词：overcome现在分词：overcoming 变形原句Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for formin
22、g in 1974.历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。归纳overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜over-表示在上，超过come v.来到overwhelm 压倒；泛滥overlook 俯视overproduction 生产过度overwork 过度劳累overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜归纳举例Its greatly to your credit that you have overcome such great difficulty and accomplished the task ahead of time.（读后续写之升华
23、主题）你们克服了如此巨大的困难，提前完成了任务，你们值得赞扬。overcomeovercome difficulties 克服困难overcome ones fear 克服恐惧overcome with grief 悲痛欲绝overcome with/by emotion 激动得难以自持巩固overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜1.她激动得难以自持，有好几分钟说不出话来。（读后续写之情绪描写）_,she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes.2.看见我朋友悲痛欲绝，我是如此焦虑，我感觉就像热锅上的蚂蚁。（读后续写之情绪描写）Seein
24、g my friend _,I was so anxious that I felt like an ant on a hot pan.Overcome with/by emotionovercome with griefestimate/estmet/vt.估计；估价；估算 n.估计；估算原句Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains,and his stra
25、ins have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种（形成的作物）让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。estimate/estmet/vt.估计；估价；估算 n.估计；估算举例It is estimated that the project will last four years.据估计这项工程将持续四年。Can you make an estimate of the numbers in
26、volved?你能估计一下参与人数吗？estimate/estmet/vt.估计；估价；估算 n.估计；估算拓展巩固estimate sth.(at sth.)估价为be estimated to be/have估计It is estimatedthat 据估计at a rough estimate粗略估计；粗略说来1.The earthquake caused damage to property _(estimate)at 6 million.2.At _ rough estimate,Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain.3.翻
27、译：据估计，今年对教育的总投资将继续增加。_ total investment in the education will continue to increase this year.aestimatedIt is estimated that be comprised of 包括;包含;由组成(或构成)举例归纳The committee is comprised of wellknown mountaineers.该委员会由著名的登山运动员组成。Their diet was largely comprised of vegetables.他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。【联想】“由组成”的表达
28、consist of be made up of be composed of【注意】consist of（无被动形式）Their diet consists largely of vegetables.巩固翻译：这次爱心义卖活动包括开幕式、卖东西和闭幕式。（应用文写作之活动内容）The charity sale was comprised of the opening ceremony,the selling of objects and the closing ceremony.be comprised of 包括;包含;由组成(或构成)拓展domestic consumption 国内消
29、耗annual consumption 年消耗量consumption level 消费水平consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费 consumer rights 消费者权益consume ones energy 消耗精力consume vast amounts of money 花很多钱be consumed by/with sth.被吞噬；充满（某种强烈的感情）consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝consumer n.消费者consumption/knsmpn/n.消耗；消耗量；消费consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费巩固1.By contrast,_ in the
30、developed countries _ the most energy in the world.(consume)2.In the developing world cigarette _(consume)is increasing.3.翻译：那座旅馆很快被大火吞噬。The hotel was quickly consumed by fire.4.翻译：我为自己的粗心而深感内疚。I was consumed with guilty because of my carelessness.consumers consume consumption拓展in reality事实上；实际上beco
31、me a reality 变成现实real adj.真的；真实的；真正的really adv.真实地；非常realistic adj.现实的；逼真的realize vt.实现；意识到 reality/rlt/n.现实；实际情况；事实reality n.现实；实际情况；事实巩固1.I _(real)dont see any reason for changing it.2.Some people _(real)that wildlife has thoughts,feelings,and most importantly,equal rights to survive.3.The speed o
32、f 6G will exceed 125GB/s,allowing for new generation of virtual _.(real)(2020江苏卷)reallyrealizerealityhave a shortage of 缺少原句举例P50 However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。There is
33、 a desperate shortage of teachers in remote parts of the Indian.印度的偏远地区极度缺乏教师。have a shortage of 缺少归纳拓展material shortage 材料紧缺shortage of drinking water 缺乏饮用水short adj.短的；不足的age 名词后缀courage 勇气marriage 结婚damage 伤害a shortage of的缺乏be short of缺乏be short for是的简称in short总之；简而言之have a shortage of 缺少tackle t
34、he crisis 处理危机原句拓展P50 To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重庆的西南农学院接受教育。tackle a problem 处理问题tackle future challenges 应对未来挑战an economic crisis 经济危机a financial crisis 金融危机tackle the crisis 处理危机
35、巩固1.我向他提供了一些有效的措施，缓解他的悲伤和解决他的问题。(读后续写之动作链）I offered him some effective measures to alleviate his sadness and tackle his problems.2.更重要的是，它为学生提供了应对未来挑战的新技能。(演讲稿)More importantly,it provides students with new skills to tackle future challenges.deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上原句举例Deep down,Yuan is still very mu
36、ch a farmer at heart.实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。He seems confident but deep down hes quite insecure.他好像很有信心，实际上却没什么把握。I am glad that youre back.Im just hiding my joy deep down inside.我很高兴你回来了。我只是在我心里深处隐藏着我的喜悦。extension/kstenn/n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机原句The shelter,which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime b
37、ombs,is comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground.这个避难所，可以保护多达8000人免受战时炸弹的袭击，它由两条巨大隧道组成，计划有一天成为伦敦地铁的延伸。extension/kstenn/n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机举例The extension of the garden will take several weeks.扩建花园需要几个星期。The city is building an extension to
38、 the subway line.这座城市正在扩建地铁路线。拓展essential adj.完全必要的(necessary)；极其重要的(vital)be essential to(doing)sth.对不可缺少的It is essential for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事是必要的It is essential that.(should)do sth.做某事是必不可少的essential /senl/adj.完全必要的；极其重要的essential /senl/adj.完全必要的；极其重要的原句举例 They may look beautiful on the outsi
39、de,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。Most authorities agree that play is an essential part of a childs development.大多数权威人士认为玩耍是孩子成长的一个重要部分。essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的巩固1.建立自信是提高口语的关键。Building your
40、confidence is essential to improving your speaking.2.如果病人想要迅速康复，良好的营养是必不可少的。Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.alternative/ltntv/n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的原句举例As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic foo
41、d when they shop at the local grocery.作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。The car is too expensive so were trying to find a cheaper alternative.这辆车太贵了，因此我们正试图找到一种更便宜的替代品。alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的拓展have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事an alternative to 的替代品alternatively
42、adv.可供选择地【联想】“别无选择只好做”的表达形式：have no choice but to do sth.have no option but to do sth.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的巩固1.I could come to your house,or (alternative)we could meet in the town.2.For instance,solar energy is an alternative fossil fuel.3.面对新冠，我们别无选择只能待在家里以缓解这个严重的境况。Faced with COVID1
43、9,_ _ to alleviate the serious situation.we have no alternative but to stay attoalternativelyhomealternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的巩固1.为了减少污染，我们人类别无选择只能选择一些清洁资源。例如，太阳能成为燃料能源的替代品。（应用文写作之倡议信）In order to reduce pollution,we human beings have no alternative but to choose some clean resources.For insta
44、nce,solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel.2.面对这样的困境,我们没有选择只能等待援救。（读后续写之陷入困境）Faced with such a dilemma,we have no alternative but to wait for rescue.depth/dep/n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)原句归纳 Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求
45、不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。deep adj.深的th 名词后缀height 高度width 宽度length 长度strength 强度，力量depth/dep/n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)拓展deep adj.深的deeply adv.深深地；强烈地deepen ones understanding of different cultures 加深理解不同文化deepen vt.加深；(使)变深feel deeply in love 深陷爱河be deeply impressed by 深受影响depth n.深度the depth of 的深度in depth 全面；深入de
46、pth/dep/n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)巩固1.You also need to judge the quality and _(deep)of your motivation.This is quite important,because it is directly related to your commitment.(2019全国卷)2.他的眉头皱着更紧了。（读后续写之动作描写）His frown deepened.3.我们向他们表达了深深的谢意。(应用文写作之感谢信)We have expressed the depth of our gratitude to them.depthdepth/dep/n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)巩固4.这个节日不仅让我们沉浸于不同的文化活动中，而且给我们提供一个加深理解不同文化的机会.（2022年浙江卷书面表达）Not only did the festival immerse ourselves in diverse cultural activities,it also provided an opportunity for us to deepen our understanding of different cultures.
