1、VocabularyUnit 5 Working the Land Unit 5 Working the Land.hybrid.hybrid n.n.杂交种;混血儿;混合体 adj.adj.混合的；杂种的，杂交成的hybrid rice 杂交水稻hybrid vehicles 混动汽车.pollinate pollinate vt.vt.对.授粉 n.n.self pollinationself pollination 自花传粉Rice is a hybrid of self-pollinating plant.翻译：水稻是自花授粉植物的杂交品种。.devote vtvt 把.用于;致力于;
2、献身于 devote.to.devote.to.把.用于.devote oneself to(doing)sthdevote oneself to(doing)sth献身于;致力于;专心于=be devoted to(doing)sth=be devoted to(doing)sth【同根词】devoted devoted adj.adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 devotion devotion n.n.献身；忠诚；热爱；专心袁隆平一生致力于杂交水稻技术的研究。Yuan Longping devoted himself to the research of hibrid rice tec
3、hnology all his life.(be devoted to sb./sth.)(be devoted to sb./sth.)devotion to duty devotion to duty 忠于职守.sorghum.sorghum n.n.高粱；作物 蜀黍.grain n n C&UC&U谷物;谷粒;颗粒NoImagebroom 扫帚A new broom sweeps clean.A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。.wheat.wheat n n U U 小麦.widespread adjadj 广泛的;分布广的;传播广的同词根 widely
4、widely与水稻不同，小麦生产在全球范围内更为广泛。Unlike rice,wheat production is more widespread globally.soil.soil n n 土;土壤(=earth)C(=earth)C 国土;领土 sbs native soilsbs native soil某人的故土.mineral n n CC矿物质 adjadj 矿物的;含矿物的 mineral watermineral water矿泉水土壤中包含矿物质。翻译：The soil contains minerals.fertiliser=fertilizer.fertiliser=fe
5、rtilizer n.n.肥料 肥料a substance added to soilsoil to make plants grow more successfullysuccessfullyroot n n CC根;根源;起源;词根 have sbs roots inhave sbs roots in .起源于.deep roots deep roots 深厚渊源；根深蒂固 v v(使)生根;(;(使)扎根 root uproot up连根拔起 root for sb.root for sb.为某人加油/助威同根词 fertile adj.fertile adj.肥沃的；富饶的同根词 ro
6、oted adj.根深蒂固的；稳固的.organic.organic adjadj 器官的 有机的;不使用化肥的 organic foodorganic food有机食品【同根词】organ organ n.n.器官 organicallyorganically adv adv有机地；有组织地；器官上地produced or practised without using artificial chemicalsartificial chemicalsininorganic 无机的organic disease 器官疾病Practice1.It cant be denied that we n
7、eed _(devote)more resources to this problem.The professor devoted all his life to _(research)the treatment of AIDS.She _(致力于)her career.2.Doctors advise routine exercise along with a healthy diet featuring vegetables,fruits,nuts and whole _(grain).3.The _(mineral)in the water made it unpleasant to d
8、rink.The rock is rich in _(mine)salts.4.After 20 years in America,I still feel my _(root)are in England.Racism is still deeply _(root)in our society.5._(organic)grown produce does not differ greatly in appearance from conventionally grown crops.to devoteresearchingwas devoted todevoted herself togra
9、insmineralsmineralrootsrootedOrganically.chemical.chemical adjadj 化学的 chemical rainchemical rain酸雨 n n C C 常用复数 化学品;化学制品【同根词】chemistrychemistry化学；化学过程 chemistchemist n.n.化学家；药剂师；药店，药房labelling of chemicalslabelling of chemicals化学品标志.pestpesticideicide n.n.杀虫剂suicideicide n.自杀TranslationOrganicOrgani
10、c food is pure food without using chemicalchemical fertilizersfertilizers or pesticidespesticides.有机食品是纯粹的不使用化肥或杀虫剂的食物。.shortage.shortage n n C&UC&U不足;缺乏;短缺 water/food shortagewater/food shortage 水/食物短缺 a shortage of a shortage of 缺少；短缺【同根词】shortshort adj.adj.短的；不足的 shortlyshortly adv.adv.立刻；简短地；唐突地
11、 shortenshorten v.v.缩短 shortnessshortness n.n.短小；不足 shortness of breathshortness of breath 气促；呼吸浅短.tackletackle vtvt 处理/对付(难题)与.商谈/交涉（足球等）抢球；抢断=deal withdeal with a difficult problem or situation1.The government is determined to tackletackle inflation.政府决心解决通货膨胀问题。2.He was tackled tackled just outsi
12、de the penalty area.他就在罚球区外让对方把球抢断。3.I tackledtackled him about the money he owed me.我就他欠我钱的事与他进行了交涉。.crisis.crisis n n C&UC&U危机;紧要关头 the financial crisisthe financial crisis金融危机危机干预.overcome vtvt(overcame,overcomeovercame,overcome)战胜;克服 be overcome with be overcome with 为所压倒/制服get overovercome proc
13、rastination【pl】crisesPractice6._(chemical)are substances that are used in a chemical process or made by a chemical process.The raw sewage(污水)is _(chemical)treated.7.Vietnam is suffering from food _(short).Staff _(shortage)were worsened by the flu epidemic.8.Prof Sir John Beddington said there was a
14、need for urgency in _(tackle)climate change.Ten fire fighters _(tackle)the blaze,which broke through the roof of the property.9.There were no comparable _(crisis)during the post World-War II gold standard era ending in 1967.10.She _(overcome)her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.The
15、two parties managed _(overcome)their differences on the issue.Chemicalschemicallyshortageshortagestacklingtackledcrisesovercameto overcome.bacterium.bacterium n n C(pl bacteriC(pl bacteria a)细菌.depth n n U&U&深 (度););深处C C the depths of the oceanthe depths of the ocean 海洋的深处 30 feet 30 feet inin dept
16、h 30 depth 30英尺深 U(U(知识)渊博;深刻;(;(感情)深厚 in depthin depth全面地;深入地;仔细地 out of ones depth out of ones depth 某人力所不能及的；非某人所能理解的 同词根 deep adj.deep adj.深的；厚的；adv.adv.深深地；在深处；至深处 deeply adv.deeply adv.很，非常；深刻地，深沉地；至深处.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上.boost.boost n n 增长;提高;激励 vtvt 使增长;使兴旺 boost one s confidenceboost on
17、e s confidence增强信心promote/enhance/increase.expand v v vt&vivt&vi扩展;扩大;(;(使)膨胀【同根词】expansion n.expansion n.扩张；膨胀；阐述territorial expansionenlarge.extension.extension（单方向的）n n（时间）延伸;扩大;延长期（建筑物）扩建部分 电话分机;分机号码 by extensionby extension正式用语 再则【同根词】extend extend v.v.延伸，扩大，延长；持续，包括，波及；表示；提供contract extension
18、续签合同extend a warm welcomeextend the hand of friendship extend oneself extend operationsextend a road表示热烈的欢迎the extension of the subway 扩建地铁伸出友谊之手竭尽全力拓展业务扩建公路extension number 分机号码Practice11.Warm milk is the ideal breeding(繁殖)ground for _(bacterium).12.The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen fee
19、t _ depth.The breadth and _(deep)of his knowledge are apparent throughout the book.She can seem stern,but _(实际上)shes a very kind person.13.Residents said the only upside would be _ boost to the islands economy.Relaunches（重新开发）are often simply a way of_(boost)sales.14.There are no plans _(expand)the
20、local airport.The villages _(expand)and merged into one large town.15.The _(extend)of the subway will take several months.The bank plans various _(extension)to its credit facilities.bacteriaindepthdeep downaboostingto expandexpandedextensionextensions adjadj 家务的;家养的 本国的;国内的【反foreignforeign】advadvdom
21、estically domestically 国内地；家庭式地；适合国内地exotic adj.exotic adj.奇异的，异国风情的.domestic.domestic.consumption nUnU消费(量););消耗(量)【同根词】consume consume v v消费；消耗 consumer consumer n.n.消费者Expand domestic demand and promote consumption.yieldyieldn.n.产量；产出；利润vt.vt.出产（作物)产生（收益、效益等)屈服；让步放弃；缴出.output n nC&UC&U产量;输出(量)v v
22、 输出【拓展】input input n.n.输入the amountamount of sth that a person,a machine or an organization produces to produce or provide sth,for example a profit,result or a profit,result or cropcropHigher-rate deposit accounts yieldyield good returns.I yieldedyielded to temptation and had a chocolate bar.He refu
23、sed to yieldyield up his gun.Manufacturing outputoutput has increased by 8%Computers can now outputoutput data much more quickly.convince.convince vtvt 使确信;使信服 convince sb of sthconvince sb of sth使某人相信某事 convince sb.that.convince sb.that.使某人相信 说服(=persuade)(=persuade)convince sb to do sthconvince sb
24、 to do sth说服某人去做某事【同根词】convinced convinced adj.adj.确信的；坚信的 be convinced of.be convinced of.相信.convincing convincing adj.adj.有说服力的；使人信服的cha.rac.te.ris.tic n n C C 常用复数 特征;特色;特点 adjadj 特有的;典型的 反 ununcharacteristic adj.characteristic adj.【同根词】character character n nCC常用单数 性格特色;特性(好的)品性;道德品质人物;角色符号;文字 c
25、haracterize characterize vtvt以.为特色;具有.的特征 characteristicallycharacteristically adv.adv.典型地；表示特性地 One of Bens characteristicscharacteristics is that he always has a big smile when he meets someone.Ben has a warm and friendly charactercharacter.(他做一些更具体的事情，使他不同于其他人)(这是对他“天性”的概括评价)Practice16.Output con
26、sists of both exports and sales on the _（国内市场）.There is no shortage of causes that need our attention,both _(domestic)and globally.17.There has been a slight increase in the _(consume)of meat.18.Last year 400,000 acres of land _(yield)a crop worth$1.75 billion.Another disadvantage of organic farming
27、 is that the diminished(减少的)_(yield)are wasteful of water and farmland.19.I _(convince)that he was brighter than average.Our greatest problem is _(convince)them.20.The two groups of children have quite different _(characteristic).We all need the books that will correct the characteristic _(mistake)o
28、f our own period.domestic marketdomesticallyconsumptionyieldedyieldswas convincedconvincingcharacteristicsmistakes.attain.attain v v 正式用语(经过长时间努力)达到(achieve);(achieve);得到;取得 attain ones goalattain ones goal达到目标【同根词】attainable adj.attainable adj.可得到的；可达到的；可到达的 attainment n attainment n 达到；成就；学识accomp
29、lishacquirecome trueat 加强语气+tain 抓住努力抓住获得；到达obtain 获得；赢得contain 包含；控制.conventional.conventional adjadj 传统的;墨守成规的;普通平凡的 只用于名词前(尤指武器)非核的;常规的【同根词】convention convention n.n.习俗；常规;大会，集会;公约，协定conventinal morality传统道德规范.assumption.assumption n n CC假定;假设 on the assumption thaton the assumption that 假设 承担；担任
30、 their assumption of power/control their assumption of power/control 他们的取得权力控制【同根词】assume assume vtvt 正式用语 担任;承担(take)(take)假定;设想 It is generally assumed(that).It is generally assumed(that).普遍认为，.assuming assuming conjconj假设;假定.intense.intense adjadj 强烈的;激烈的;浓厚的【同根词】intensely intensely adv.adv.强烈地，专
31、注地；非常 intensity intensity n.n.强烈，剧烈，激烈强度，烈度intense interestintense coldintense competition.es.ti.mate.es.ti.mate vtvt 常用于被动语态 估计;估算;估价 estimate sth(estimate sth(atat sth)sth)估计某物(费用为.多少)be estimated to do sthbe estimated to do sth估算 it is estimated+(that)it is estimated+(that)从句 据估计，.n n CC估计;估算;估价e
32、stimate 对一般数值，价格的估计evaluate 评价；评估assess 评价资产；财产Practice21.We hope this objective will _(attain).The changes they made were significant,but so was the peace of mind _(attain)by their shift.This standard is easily _(attain)by most students.22.Its not a hotel,in the _(convention)sense,but rather a whol
33、e village turned into a hotel.23.The whole argument rests on a false _(assume).It _(assume)that you are interested in achieving greater self-awareness.24.There is now intense _(compete)between schools to attract students.Eisenhower was _(intense)aware of the need for long-range planning.25.It is har
34、d _(estimate)how many children suffer from dyslexia(诵读困难).Some _(estimate)show next years budget could be$2.5 billion in the hole.be attainedattainedattainableconventionalassumptionis assumedcompetitionintenselyto estimateestimates.celebrity.celebrity n n CC名人;名流online celebrity 网红.reality n n U&CU&
35、C真实;现实;事实 a reality showa reality show真人秀节目 in realityin reality实际上;事实上 同根词 real adj.real adj.真实的 n.n.现实 realizerealize vt.vt.实现；意识到；了解 realized adj.realized adj.已实现的如今，越来越多的明星参加真人秀节目。Nowadays,more and more celebrities take part in reality shows.visionion n n UU视力(=sight);(=sight);视觉 have good/poor
36、visionhave good/poor vision视力好/差 CC想象;幻象 UU远见卓识 a man of great visiona man of great vision有远见卓识的人【同根词】visible visible adj.adj.可见的 invisible invisible adj.adj.不可见的.envision（en使+vision想象）vt.vt.展望；想象；预想vision illusion 视觉错觉prise vtvt 不用于进行时 正式用语 包括;构成 be comprised of.be comprised of.包括.;.;包含.;.;由.组成.pov
37、erty n n UU贫穷;贫困 live in povertylive in poverty过着穷苦的生活【同根词】poor poor adj.adj.贫穷的;贫困的;贫乏的【反richrich】不善于的;差的;体弱的 只用于名词前，无比较级 可怜的;不幸的 poorlypoorlyadvadv糟糕地;不好地;拙劣地(=badly)(=badly)【反wellwell】Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占有很大的比例。Practice26.They were en
38、tertained by top singers,dancers and _(celebrity).27.The story is a magical mix of fantasy and _(real).Here are five marketing _(real)that can help us bridge the past,present,and future.28.It said that _(it)vision of TV everywhere will be more personal,social,ubiquitous and informative.29.Mr.Halperi
39、n _(envision)a time when baby-sitting is no longer considered a girls job.30.The boards _ 23%female directors.董事会由23%的女性董事组成。31.We know that children who grow up without a father are more likely to live _ poverty.Disease and _(poor)often go together.celebritiesrealityrealitiesitsenvisionsare compris
40、ed ofinpoverty.generate.generate vtvt 产生;创造;引起 同根词 generationgeneration n.n.一代；产生；一代人；生殖 the younger/older generationthe younger/older generation 年轻的一代；老一辈generate eletricitygenerate eletricity 发电generate profitgenerate profit 产生利润.strain.strain n.n.（植物、动物的）品种；种类 new strains of drought-resistant cro
41、psnew strains of drought-resistant crops 抗旱作物新品种 压力；重负；重压之下出现的问题（或担忧等）take the straintake the strain 承受压力 劳损；拉伤；扭伤 muscle strainmuscle strain 肌肉劳损.alleviate vt.vt.减轻，缓和 同根词 alleviation n.alleviation n.缓和；镇痛物拉伸可以缓解肌肉劳损。Stretching can alleviate your muscle strain.leisure.leisure n n UU闲暇;业余时间 leisure
42、time/activitiesleisure time/activities闲暇时间/活动 the leisure industrythe leisure industry休闲娱乐行业 at ones leisureat ones leisure有空时，空闲时在英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.flavor.flavor n n C&UC&U味道;风味;特点.nutrition n n UU营养;营养学 poor nutritionpoor nutrition营养不良【
43、同根词】nutritionalnutritional adj.adj.营养的；滋养的 nutritious nutritious adj.adj.有营养的，营养丰富的；滋养的随着生活水平的提高，人们不仅关注食物的味道，而且也关注食物的营养。翻译：With the improvement of living standard,people not only focus on the flavor but also the nutrition of food.nutritional content 营养成分nutritious meal 营养成分.salty.salty adjadj 咸的;含盐的
44、【同根词】salt salt n.n.盐 salted salted a adj.dj.盐腌的.aspect n n CC方面 U U 单数 正式用语 外观;样子从营养方面来说，最好不要吃太咸的食物。Its better not eat food that is too salty from nutrition aspect.salted duck egg.urban.urban adjadj 只用于名词前 城市的;都市的【反ruralrural】urban areaurban area市区【拓展】rural rural adj.adj.乡村的.grocery nCnC 复数 食品杂货 食品杂
45、货店(=grocery store)(=grocery store)Practice32.The story captured the hearts and minds of a _(generate).The paradox of exercise is that while using a lot of energy it seems _(generate)more.Rubbing plastic and wool generates electricity.33.I suggest you take the forms away and read them at _(you)leisur
46、e.34.This yogurt comes in ten different _(flavour).35.The human tongue can detect five distinct tastes:sweet,_(salt),sour,bitter and umami(鲜味的).36.The book aims to cover all _(aspect)of city life.37.Urban _(develop)has led to the ruination of vast areas of countryside.generationto generateyourflavou
47、rssaltyaspectsdevelopment.bomb.bomb n n CC炸弹 a bomb attack/blast/explosiona bomb attack/blast/explosion 轰炸；炸弹爆炸 vtvt 轰炸 ;【informalinformal】（考试）惨败；票房极差；The exam was impossible!I definitely bombed it.考试太难了！我肯定考砸了。His latest musical bombed and lost thousands of dollars.他最近的一部音乐喜剧演砸了，赔了几千元。Terrorists bo
48、mbed several army barracks.恐怖分子轰炸了几处兵营。.tunnel.tunnel n n CC隧道;地道 a railway/railroad tunnela railway/railroad tunnel铁路隧道 the Channel Tunnelthe Channel Tunnel英吉利海峡隧道.digest.digest v v vi&vtvi&vt消化 vtvt理解;领会 n n CC摘要;文摘 Youth Digest Youth Digest 青年文摘【同根词】digestion digestion n.n.消化，消化能力.entirely advadv
49、 全部地;完全地(=completely)(=completely)【同根词】entire adj.entire adj.全部的；整个的我没有完全领会他说的话。I didnt entirely digest what he said.essential.essential adjadj 必不可少的;最重要的 (=vital)(=vital);本质的 it is essential it is essential thatthat sb(should)do sth sb(should)do sth某人做某事是十分必要的 it is essential for sb to do sthit is
50、essential for sb to do sth某人做某事是十分必要的【同根词】essentially essentially advadv本质上;根本上(=basically)(=basically).instance n n CC例子;事例 for instancefor instance(=for example)(=for example)例如以.为例 in the first instancein the first instance 首先；第一.alternative.alternative adjadj 只用于名词前 可供替代的;可供选择的 an alternative me
