1、Section AStarting out&Understanding Ideascontribution make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献；向捐款contribute vt.&vi.捐献；撰稿 vi.促成；造成（某事发生）contribute()to 向捐赠（）；为撰稿（to为介词）contribute to sth.造成某事发生 contribute to(doing)sth.有助于（做）某事reliefin/with relief 如释重负；松了口气to ones relief 使人欣慰的是；令某人安心的是What a relief!可
2、轻松了！It is a relief to do sth.做某事让人感到舒心relieve vt.减轻，缓和relieve sb.of sth.帮助某人减轻（负担）；解除某人的职务relieve ones pain/pressure 减轻某人的痛苦/压力effectiveeffect n.效应，结果，影响have an/no effect on/upon 对有/没有影响bring/put into effect 使生效come into effect 生效；开始实施take effect 见效；生效，开始实施earnearn ones/a living(by)（靠）维持生计earn/make
3、money 赚钱；挣钱earn sb.sth.为某人赢得/博得earn fame/a reputation 赢得名声earn the respect/trust of sb.赢得某人的尊敬/信任 donatedonate sth.to sb./sth.将某物捐献给某人/某物donor n.捐献者；献血者donation n.捐赠物；捐赠；献（血）make a donation(of to)（向）捐赠（）break intobreak in 强行进入；打断，搅扰，插嘴break off 断开，折断；停顿，中断；突然终止break away(from sb./sth.)突然挣脱；脱离break u
4、p 粉碎；结束；散开，解散break down 出故障；（身体）垮掉；失败；使分解（为）break through 突破；克服，战胜break out（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发realityin reality 事实上，实际上bring.back to reality使回到现实face/accept reality 面对/接受现实virtual reality 虚拟现实real adj.真的；真正的，真实的really adv.事实上，真正地，真实地not really不完全是（表示不太强烈的否定）realistic adj.现实的，实事求是的unrealistic adj.不现
5、实的Always Ready to Help On 5 September 2016,China celebrated its first Charity Day with a series of activities around the country.A charity fair was held in Beijing,where charity organisations shared information and resources.Caring about others and being ready to help are traditional Chinese moral v
6、irtues.Setting aside a special day once a year helps to further promote these values.People are encouraged to give a helping hand whenever possible.This is even more important than donating money.视频文本 In the West,there are similar days to encourage people to do good deeds.Pay It Forward Day is a day
7、 when people do one or two good deeds,such as visiting an elderly neighbor and asking if they need anything,or letting a restaurant manager know just how great their waiter or waitress was.Instead of asking for something in return,people pass on Pay It Forward cards.These cards are a way of asking t
8、he recipients to also do good deeds and then pass the cards on to other people.Both Pay It Forward Day and Charity Day in China remind us of the power of giving.And doing good deeds is actually quite easy.There are opportunities to do good deeds every day,and most good deeds dont need a lot of time
9、or preparation.Just look around you to get started:help a classmate with their studies;ask someone who looks lost if they need directions;or just offer to help out with something in the home.Remember just one small act can make a big difference.（1）What kinds of good deeds are shown in the video?The
10、video shows good deeds such as visiting an elderly neighbour and asking if they need anything,letting a restaurant manager know just how great their waiter or waitress is,helping a classmate with their studies,asking someone who looks lost if they need directions,and offering to help out with someth
11、ing in the home.（2）What idea does the video convey?We should always be ready to help others,because one small act can make a big difference.Bai FangliBai Fangli(1913-2005)was a retired worker in Tianjin.He started riding tricycles to make money when he was 74,and donated his income to poor students.
12、In eighteen years,he donated 350,000 yuan in total,helping more than 300 students complete their studies.In 2012,he was awarded a special honour for“Touching China”。Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale(1820-1910)was an English social reformer and statistician,and the founder of modern nursing.Du
13、ring the Crimean War,she worked to improve hospital conditions.The death rate declined greatly because of her efforts.She was known for her night rounds to aid the wounded,establishing her image as the“Lady with the Lamp”。Red Adair(Paul Neal Adair)Red Adair(1915-2004)was an American oil-well firefig
14、hter.During his career,he and his company put out lots of fires internationally,including the explosion of the Piper Alpha oil rig in the North Sea and the oil-well fires in Kuwait.Water scarcity in Africa Water scarcity remains a serious issue in parts of Africa for years,especially in North Africa
15、.In Africa,millions of people cant get access to clean drinking water,and they are living in areas with poor sanitation services.Moreover,water availability,access and optimal use in Africa are not promising.Only 5%of Africas cultivated land is irrigated and less than 10%of hydropower potential is u
16、tilised for electricity generation.The reasons for water scarcity in Africa are complicated.Frequent droughts due to global warming and deforestation have shrunk lakes and changed rainfall patterns.Traditional irrigation technology and agriculture have caused a good sum of waterwaste.Growing populat
17、ion and urbanisation have increased the domestic and industrial water consumption,which cant be fully supported by poor infrastructure.（1）When did Ryan first get the idea that many people in African countries had difficulty getting clean water?When he was six years old.（2）What did Ryan determine to
18、do to help those people?He began to earn money to build a single well.（3）How did he feel when he learned about the cost of a well?Astonished.（4）Why did Ryan set up a foundation?To encourage more people to help.（5）How many people have benefited from the movement?Over 800,000.What did Ryan do to help
19、solve the problem of water shortage in Africa?Ryan raised$2,000 to build a well near a primary school in Uganda,and later set up a foundation to attract more support to provide clean,safe water for people in Africa.Ryans Well Foundation The Ryans Well Foundation is a Canadian charitable organisation
20、.It aims at providing effective and sustainable access to clean water,sanitation and hygiene education in the poorest regions of developing countries.The Foundation grew from the passion and courage of a six-year-old boy,Ryan Hreljac.Ryan was inspired to take action as a grade one student when he le
21、arnt of the consequences for people without access to safe drinking water.He was determined as he succeeded in rallying his community to help him raise the funds needed to build one well in Uganda,Africa.Since its beginning in 2001,the Foundation has improved the lives of more than 996,128 vulnerabl
22、e people through the construction of over 1,429 community-led clean water projects and 1,255 latrines.Choose the best explanation of the title and give your reasons.1.The well built by Ryan solved the problem of worldwide water shortage.2.The more wells you dig.the better the world will be.3.The wel
23、l built by Ryan encouraged more people to help make the world a better place.1 Ryan could get clean drinking water within ten steps,but some African children had to walk 10 kilometres to get water every day.So Ryan decided to help2 Ryan cleaned windows and did gardening,and reached his first target
24、of$70.But when he gave the money to a charity,he was told it cost$2,000 to build a well.3 Ryan persuaded his classmates and neighbours to donate money.His mothers friend also helped him.After several months,he raised enough money and a well was built in Uganda.4 Ryan visited Uganda.He saw the finish
25、ed well with his own eyes.He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.5 Later,Ryans experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.6 Today,the life-changing gift of clean water has benefited over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa.
