1、Unit 1Laugh out loud!I like the boy.I like the boy.I like the boy who is cleaning the I like the boy who is cleaning the room.I like John,I like John,who is cleaning the who is cleaning the room.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰限制先行词修饰限制先行词翻译为翻译为“的的”非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句补充说明主句补充说明主句翻译时另起一句翻译时另起一句1.形式和功能不同形式和功能不同限制性限制性定语从
2、句的定语从句的主句主句和和从句从句之间之间不用逗号不用逗号隔开，隔开，如果把从句去掉如果把从句去掉,句意句意会会发生变化，甚至不能成立；发生变化，甚至不能成立；非限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间非限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间用逗号隔开用逗号隔开，省略省略从句从句对句意没有太大影响。对句意没有太大影响。My sister My sister who works in Shanghai who works in Shanghai sends me an sends me an email almost every day.email almost every day.既然需要限定，说明我的姐姐很多
3、，除了在上海工既然需要限定，说明我的姐姐很多，除了在上海工作的姐姐，还有其他姐姐，删去后从句表意不明。作的姐姐，还有其他姐姐，删去后从句表意不明。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）ExamplesMy sister,My sister,who works in Shanghai,who works in Shanghai,sends me sends me anan email almost every dayemail almost every day.既然不需要限定，说明我只有一个姐姐，删去从句既然不
4、需要限定，说明我只有一个姐姐，删去从句后句意依然明确。后句意依然明确。我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）2.翻译不同翻译不同翻译时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的翻译时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前；先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句通常与主句分开翻译。而非限制性定语从句通常与主句分开翻译。He is the man He is the man whose car was stolenwhose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。（限制性
5、定语从句）（限制性定语从句）I I ve invited Mary,ve invited Mary,who lives in the next flat.who lives in the next flat.我邀请了我邀请了MaryMary，她就住在隔壁。，她就住在隔壁。(非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句)3.3.先行词不同先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词；限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或也可以是短语或整个句子整个句子。He He who laughs lastwho la
6、ughs last,laughs best.,laughs best.谁笑到最后谁就笑得最好。谁笑到最后谁就笑得最好。先行词是代词先行词是代词（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）Charles Smith,Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,who was my former teacher,retired last year.retired last year.Charles SmithCharles Smith去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）They rely on themse
7、lves,They rely on themselves,which is much better.which is much better.他们依靠自己，这样好得多。他们依靠自己，这样好得多。（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）先行词是名词先行词是名词先行词是句子先行词是句子限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性限制性非限制性非限制性形式上形式上 不用逗号不用逗号用逗号用逗号意义上意义上 去掉后主句意思不完整去掉后主句意思不完整去掉后主句意思完整去掉后主句意思完整作用作用修饰限制修饰限制补充说明补充说明先行词先行词 词词(n/pronn/pro
8、n)/)/短语短语词词/短语短语/整个主句整个主句关系词关系词 关代作宾时可省关代作宾时可省whomwhom作宾时可用作宾时可用whowho代代不用不用that,whythat,why引导引导所有关代均不可省所有关代均不可省翻译翻译先译从句再译先行词，先译从句再译先行词，的的先译先行词后译从句，先译先行词后译从句，形成两个分句形成两个分句关系词关系词指人指人指物指物 所属所属限制性限制性who,whom,who,whom,thatthat which,which,thatthat,as,aswhosewhose非限制性非限制性who,whomwho,whomwhich,aswhich,aswh
9、osewhose This is the man(This is the man(whom/who/thatwhom/who/that)we are talking about.)we are talking about.The young man had a new girlfriend,The young man had a new girlfriend,whomwhom he wanted to he wanted to impress.impress.Her father,who has a lot of money,wishes her to study Her father,who
10、 has a lot of money,wishes her to study abroad.abroad.(改错改错)I had to fix my printer,that I bought less than a)I had to fix my printer,that I bought less than a year ago.year ago.which非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题1.非限制性定语从句常常位于句末,但也可位于句中,这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。The children,who wanted to play football,were disappointed when
11、it rained.那些孩子都想踢足球,（因而）因下雨感到失望。2.“介词+关系代词”也可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指人时关系代词用whom,不可用who/that;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,不能用that。1.As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history.2.She is a great hero,as is described in the report.3.He invited me to dinner,which made me very happy.4.This novel,which I have r
12、ead three times,is very touching.归纳 3：(1)as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句。(2)as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同:as引导的定语从句可置于_，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_。句首、句中、句后句首，只能放在句中、句后注意：注意：as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固定结构中定结构中:a)as is expected(不出所料不出所料);b)as is mentioned above(正如上面所正如上面所提到的提到的);c)as we all know/as
13、is known to all(众所周知众所周知);d)as is reported(正如所报道的正如所报道的);e)as is often the case(这是常有的事这是常有的事)等。等。3._ everyone can see,she is always working hard.Click on the picture to check the answer1.is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.2.English is a language shared by severa
14、l diverse cultures,each of uses it differently.3.She gave another piece of advice,I think was of great help to the research work.4.She showed the visitors around the museum,construction had taken more than three years.Aswhichwhichwhose.用适当的关系词填空5.The number of smokers,is reported,has dropped by 17 p
15、ercent in just one year.6.The meeting,was held in the park,was attended by 1,000 people.7.They came to China in the 1970s,China was not open to the out-side world.aswhichwhen介词介词+关系词关系词 Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.to whom Thefactory_hisfatherworksis farawayfrommyhomet
16、own.in which This is Mr.Smith,_ factory we work.in whose We stood at the top of the hill,_ we can see the town.from whereMatch the expressions you have Match the expressions you have completed in the above activity to completed in the above activity to their meanings.their meanings._:a person that e
17、veryone laughs at because they have done something funny or silly_:to look friendly and happy,especially when other people are not expecting you to_:to look extremely happy because you are very pleased about something_:to smile slightly_:to laugh very loudly and for a long timelaughing stocklaughing
18、 stockbe all smilesbe all smilesgrin from ear to eargrin from ear to earcrack a smilecrack a smilelaugh ones head offlaugh ones head offNow work in groups and think of Now work in groups and think of more expressions about laughter.more expressions about laughter.a good laugh burst out laughingfall
19、about laughing for laughs have/get the last laugh He who laughs last,laughs best.laugh up ones sleeve 哈哈大笑哈哈大笑放声大笑放声大笑忍不住大笑忍不住大笑为了取乐；作为消遣为了取乐；作为消遣笑到最后笑到最后笑到最后的人笑得最开心。笑到最后的人笑得最开心。窃笑窃笑语法语法填空填空1.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late hus
20、band Les.(2019全国卷全国卷II)2.They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019全国卷全国卷III)which who 3.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.(2019浙江高考浙江高考)4.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for examp
21、le,formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759.(2020全国全国新高考新高考I卷卷)that/which that/which 5.Many lessons are now available online,from _ students can choose for free.(2020江苏江苏卷卷)A.whose B.which C.when D.whom6.In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.(2020全国卷全国卷III)whose 7.Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.(2020全国卷全国卷II 短文短文改错改错)8.Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.(2020全国卷全国卷III 短文短文改错改错)which that
