1、过去完成时1.The person who answered the call was not the captains first choice.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be“a disgrace to yourself and all your family.2.After Darwin had spent som
2、e time in South America,his room on the ship was crowed with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.（花时间和收集样本在先（花时间和收集样本在先had spent;had collected，房间被样本房间被样本塞满在后塞满在后 was crowded with）（辍学在先（辍学在先 had left，响应号召在后，响应号召在后 answered）（收到父亲来信在先（收到父亲来信在先 had received，响应号召在后，响应号召在后answered）3.At that
3、 time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.4.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.5.Over time,it had slowly evolved into many new species.（出现和不改变发生在前（出现和不改变发生在前 had appeared；had n
4、ot changed 相信这个事实在后相信这个事实在后 believed）（鸟嘴进化发生在前（鸟嘴进化发生在前 had evolved，达尔文注意到这个现象在后，达尔文注意到这个现象在后 seemed）（慢慢进化发生在前（慢慢进化发生在前had evolved，达尔文发现鸟类有所不同发生在后，达尔文发现鸟类有所不同发生在后）什么是过去完成时？过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。句中常用 by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。NowNowPastPastPast perfectPast perfec
5、t过去完成时过去完成时 had done had done一般过去时一般过去时 动词过去式动词过去式在我们到达车站之前，火车就已经走了。Before we got to the train station,the train had already left.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了2000个英语单词了。By the end of last term,we _.got to/arrived athad gone/leftby last termhad learnedhad learned 2000 English words.注意：在以下两个特殊句型hardlywhen和no soone
6、rthan “（A）刚一.，（B）就.”主句要部分倒装，并使用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时e.g.:1.Hardly had I left when it began to rain.我刚离开就开始下雨了。（先离开，再下雨）2.No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang.他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。（先坐下，铃才响）我刚学完这一单元的单词，我就忘了。Hardly had I learned the vocabulary in this unit when I forgot all of them.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want,expe
7、ct,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。比较一下两句话：I hope you will pass the exam.I hope you had pass the exam.我希望你（下次）能通过考试。我希望你（下次）能通过考试。我真希望你通过了（上次）的考试。我真希望你通过了（上次）的考试。实际没通过实际没通过可能会通过可能会通过a.Natural disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.b.Yuan Longping began to do rese
8、arch on hybrid rice.c.Yuan Longping developed a better type of rice.Yuan Longping _to do research on hyarid rice because natural disasters_food shortages in the 1960s.In the end,he _ a better type of rice.beganhad led todevelopeda.Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics
9、 were easy to control.b.Gregor Mendel made important discoveries about genetics.c.Gregor Mendel died in 1884Gregor Mendel _study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.By the tirme of his death in 1894,he _discoveries about genetics.chose tohad made important compete decline e
10、at live introducearriveLonesome George was the last Pinta Island torroise.He died in 2012.After Georges death,the Pinta Island tortoise was declared exinct.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.Before humans _on the island,the species _in islation and _plants that naturally
11、 grew there.George was discovered many years after their arrival,and by then humans _new species that _ for the food the tortoises ate.After goats in particular had been brought to the island,the Pinta Island tortoise popuation_.Eventually only Geoge remained.arrivedhad livedhad eatenintroducedcompeteddeclined
