1、 管理学院 School of Management 佟瑞 Edward Tong，MPM，MBA2022-10-11Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University Where We Are Now173Traditional PM versus Agile Methods Traditional PM Approach Concentrates on thorough,upfront planning of the entire project.Requires a high degree of predictability to be effe
2、ctive.Agile Project Management(Agile PM)Relies on incremental,iterative development cycles to complete less-predictable projects.Is ideal for exploratory projects in which requirements need to be discovered and new technology tested.Focuses on active collaboration between the project team and custom
3、er representatives.174Traditional Project Management versus Agile Project ManagementTABLE 17.1Traditional Agile Design up front Continuous design Fixed scope Flexible Deliverables Features/requirements Freeze design as early as possible Freeze design as late as possible Low uncertainty High uncertai
4、nty Avoid change Embrace change Low customer interaction High customer interaction Conventional project teams Self-organized project teams 175Project UncertaintyFIGURE 17.1176Agile Project Management Agile PM Is related to the rolling wave planning and scheduling project methodology.Uses iterations(
5、“time boxes”)to develop a workable product that satisfies the customer and other key stakeholders.Stakeholders and customers review progress and re-evaluate priorities to ensure alignment with customer needs and company goals.Adjustments are made and a different iterative cycle begins that subsumes
6、the work of the previous iterations and adds new capabilities to the evolving product.177Iterative,Incremental Product DevelopmentFIGURE 17.2178Agile Project Management(contd)Advantages of Agile PM:Useful in developing critical breakthrough technology or defining essential features Continuous integr
7、ation,verification,and validation of the evolving product.Frequent demonstration of progress to increase the likelihood that the end product will satisfy customer needs.Early detection of defects and problems.179Agile PM PrinciplesFocus on customer valueIterative and incremental deliveryExperimentat
8、ion and adaptationSelf-organizationContinuous improvement1710Popular Agile PM MethodsAgile PM MethodsCrystal ClearRUP(Rational Unified Process)Dynamic Systems Development Method(DSDM)ScrumExtremeProgrammingAgile ModelingRapid Product Development(PRD)Lean Development1711Agile PM in Action:Scrum Scrum
9、 Methodology Is a holistic approach for use by a cross-functional team collaborating to develop a new product.Defines product features as deliverables and prioritizes them by their perceived highest value to the customer.Re-evaluates priorities after each iteration(sprint)to produce fully functional
10、 features.Has four phases:analysis,design,build,test1712Scrum Development ProcessFIGURE 17.31713Key Roles and Responsibilities in the Scrum Process Product Owner Acts on behalf of customers to represent their interests.Development Team Is a team of five-nine people with cross-functional skill sets i
11、s responsible for delivering the product.Scrum Master(aka Project Manager)Facilitates scrum process and resolves impediments at the team and organization level by acting as a buffer between the team and outside interference.1714Scrum MeetingsFIGURE 17.41715Partial Product BacklogFIGURE 17.51716Parti
12、al Sprint BacklogFIGURE 17.61717Applying Agile to Large Projects Scaling Is using several teams to work on different features of a large scale project at the same time.Staging Requires significant up-front planning to manage the interdependences of different features to be developed.Involves develop
13、ing protocols and defining roles to coordinate efforts and assure compatibility and harmony.1718Hub Project Management StructureFIGURE 17.71719Limitations and Concerns of Agile PM It does not satisfy top managements need for budget,scope,and schedule control.Its principles of self-organization and c
14、lose collaboration can be incompatible with corporate cultures.Its methods appear to work best on small projects that require only five-nine dedicated team members to complete the work.It requires active customer involvement and cooperation.1720Key TermsFeatureIterative incremental development(IID)S
15、crum meetingScrum MasterSprint backlogProduct BacklogProduct OwnerScalingAgile PMSelf Organizing Team17211.Traditional approaches to project management concentrate firmly on thorough planning _.A.Up frontB.With the customerC.With the project teamD.Of the WBSE.None of the above2022-10-1Edward TongCop
16、yright reserved Jinan University 222.Once the project scope has been firmly established,every detail of theproject is defined through the _.A.DeliverablesB.Job ticketsC.WBSD.EstimatesE.Risks2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 233.Project _ varies according to the extent the proje
17、ct scope is known and stable and the technology to be used is known and proven.A.StabilityB.CertaintyC.UnityD.UncertaintyE.Degree2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 244.In many cases,_ only begin to understand what they actually desire when they are provided with someones impress
18、ion of what they want.A.Project ManagersB.CustomersC.SponsersD.Team LeadersE.All of the above are correct2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 255._ can be a source of unpredictability.A.TechnologyB.ClientsC.VendorsD.SponsersE.WBS2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan Univers
19、ity 266.All of the following are part of the Traditional Project Management model except:A.Fixed scopeB.DeliverablesC.Continuous DesignD.Low uncertaintyE.Conventional Project Teams2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 277.All of the following are part of the Agile Project Managemen
20、t model except:A.FlexibilityB.High uncertaintyC.Embrace changeD.Design up frontE.Self organized project teams 2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 288._ represents a fundamental shift away from the traditional plan-driven project management approach by adopting a more experimental
21、 and adaptive approach to managing projects.A.Agile project managementB.Hybrid project managementC.Uncertain project managementD.Focused project managementE.Interactive project management 2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 299.Iterations are short time frames(time boxes)that typ
22、ically last from _.A.1-4 daysB.1-2 weeksC.1-4 weeksD.4-7 weeksE.7-12 weeks2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3010.In the Snap Shot From Practice IDEO:Masters of Design,one of the product innovations is:A.First Apple MouseB.Heads Airflow Tennis RacketC.Zyliss Salad SpinnerD.Nokia
23、 N-Gage Smart phonesE.All of the above are correct2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3111.In the Snap Shot From Practice IDEO:Masters of Design.CEO Tim Brown recommends that _ should only take as much time and effort needed to generate useful feedback and evolve an idea.A.Projec
24、tsB.PrototypesC.ExperimentsD.Product DesignE.Development2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3212.Iterative development processes provide the which important advantages:A.Continuous integration,verification,and validation of the evolving product.B.Frequent demonstration of progres
25、s to increase the likelihood that the end product will satisfy customer needs.C.Early detection of defects and problems.D.A,B and C are correctE.None of the above is correct2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3313.In the Research Highlight:Product Development practices that Work:
26、The waterfall method is the name used in what industry?A.AutomotiveB.Tool and DyeC.PublishingD.Renewable EnergyE.Software2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3414.Which is not part of a family of methods designed to respond to the challenges of unpredictable projects?A.Agile model
27、ingB.Lean developmentC.RUP(Rational Unified Process)D.Crystal clearE.Fixed scope2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3515.Which each of these Agile principles:Employ business-driven prioritizations of requirements and features?A.Focus on customer valueB.Iterative and incremental d
28、eliveryC.Experimentation and adaptationD.Self-organizationE.Continuous improvement2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3616.Which each of these Agile principles:create a flow of value to customers by chunking project delivery into small,functioning increments?A.Focus on customer v
29、alueB.Iterative and incremental deliveryC.Experimentation and adaptationD.Self-organizationE.Continuous improvement2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3717.Which each of these Agile principles:Test assumptions early and build working prototypes to solicit customer feedback and re
30、fine product requirements?A.Focus on customer valueB.Iterative and incremental deliveryC.Experimentation and adaptationD.Self-organizationE.Continuous improvement2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3818.Which each of these Agile principles:is where team members decide amongst the
31、mselves who and what should be done?A.Focus on customer valueB.Iterative and incremental deliveryC.Experimentation and adaptationD.Self-organizationE.Continuous improvement 2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 3919.Which each of these Agile principles:is where Teams reflect,learn,
32、and adapt to change;work informs the plan?A.Focus on customer valueB.Iterative and incremental deliveryC.Experimentation and adaptationD.Self-organizationE.Continuous improvement2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4020.A new holistic approach in new commercial product development
33、 efforts is known as:A.ScrumB.Specific project managementC.Traditional project managementD.Prioritized WBSE.Functional teams2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4121.A _ is defined as a piece of a product that delivers some useful functionality to a customer.A.ScrumB.ValueC.Spirit
34、D.FeatureE.Priority2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4222.In the Scrum Development Process a specific feature is:A.AnalysisB.DesignC.BuildD.TrustE.All of the above are correct.2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4323.A person who acts on behalf of customers
35、to represent their interests is called a:A.Customer service representiveB.Project championC.Customer liaisonD.Product ownerE.Production coordinator 2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4424.A Development Team typically made up of _ people with cross-functional skill sets.A.5-9B.7-
36、10C.8-12D.12-14E.15-202022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4525.What are the questions asked at the daily scrum?A.What have you done since the last Scrum?B.What will you do between now and the next Scrum?C.What is getting in the way(blocks)you from performing your work as effectiv
37、ely as possible?D.What is the newest schedule changes?E.A,B,and C are all questions2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4626.How long does the daily scrum last?A.5 minB.10 minC.15 minD.20 minE.25 min2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4727.The _ is the customer
38、s prioritized list of key features desired when the project is completed.A.Project masterB.Spirit backlogC.Creative backlogD.Product backlogE.Project list2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4828._ represents the amount of work the team commits to complete during the next sprint.A
39、.Spirit backlogB.Product backlogC.Project backlogD.Schedule backlogE.Task backlog2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 4929.Which of the following is not part of the Agile Alliance manifesto that declared four core values?A.Individuals and interactions over processes and tools.B.Wo
40、rking software over comprehensive documentation.C.Creating an end user survey.D.Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.E.Responding to change over following a plan.2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 5030._ are the maximum budget that should not be exceeded in the development of a given product or service.A.Project accountB.ContingenciesC.Agile accountD.CeilingsE.None of the above are correct.2022-10-1Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University 51
