1、UNIT 9 Human Biology Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone 语法-完成时The forms(形式)：present perfect 现在完成时have/has donepresent perfect continuous 现在完成进行时have/has been doingpast perfect 过去完成时had donepast perfect continuous 过去完成进行时had been doing1现在完成时 l.形式：主语+have/has+done 2.用法：(1)表示动作发生在过去，到现在已完成，强 调对现在造成的影响或结
2、果，常与yet,already,just,before,lately等词连用。eg.I havent finished reading the book yet,soI cant return it to the library.我还没有把这本书 读完，因此不能把它还给图书馆。(2)表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现 在，还有可能继续下去，常同these days,recently,so far,in the last/past,for+时间 段和since+时间点等连用。eg.In the past forty years this country has made great advanc
3、es in science and technology.近四 十年来，该国在科学技术方面有了很大发展。2.现在完成进行时 1.形式：主语+have/has+been+doing 2.用法(1)表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说 话时刻，还在继续进行或可能进行下去，常与 表示一段时间的状语连用。eg.We have been doing everythingpossible to improve the working conditions.我们一直在尽 一切努力改善工作条件。(2)表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续 到说话时刻刚结束。eg.I have just been waving
4、goodbye to her.我刚才一直都在向她挥手道别。3.过去完成时 1.形式：主语+had+done 2.用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已 经发生或完成的动作或情况。表示的时间是 过去的过去，这个过去的时刻常用由by,before等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。eg.Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.到 大约公元前100年，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上 交易的主要商品之一。（浙江高考）(2)表示过去某一时刻之
5、前发生的动作或存 在的状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并可能继续下去，常同由for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。eg.She said that she had made much progress since she came here.她说自从来到这儿，她已有很大进步。(3)常用过去完成时的固定结构及句型：hardly.when./no sooner.than.(主句用 过去完成时，从句用一般过去时)It was the first/second/.time+(that).(从 句用过去完成时)eg.She had hardly gone to bed when the be
6、ll rang.她刚刚睡下铃就响了。eg.It was the first time that I had come across such a complicated problem.那是我第一次遇到这 么复杂的问题。4.过去完成进行时 1.形式：主语+had+been+doing 2.用法：表示动作从过去某一时间之前开始，到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚刚结束。eg.I had been working on maths problems for the whole afternoon and the numbers swam before ny eyes.我整个下午都在做数学题，那些数 字在我
7、眼前晃来晃去。课本55页11 Identify the tense of the sentence and write the number in the correct columns.1.Natural cloning has been going on for generations.present perfect continuous 现在完成进行时 2.Gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant present perfect continuous现在完成进行时3.
8、For years,there had been attempts to clone animals.past perfect 过去完成时4.Cloning primates has been proved to be“much harder”than cloning other species.present perfect passive voice 现在完成时 被动语态5.Dr.Sun Qiang said they had been wholly devoted to the research past perfect passive voice 过去完成时 被动语态6.Dr.Sun
9、Qiang said they had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7 days a week.past perfect continuous 过去完成进行时课本55页12 Complete the passage with the proper form of the words in brackets.On Thursday,the Institute of Neuroscience announced it 1 _(clone)two monkeys using non-reproductive c
10、ells.周四，神经科学研究所宣布他们已用非生殖细胞克隆了两只猴子。It is reported that researchers all around the world 2 _(conduct)tests on animals,such as mice and dogs,for many years but couldnt find a way to clone monkeys.据报道，世界各地的研究人员多年来一直在动物身上进行试验，如老鼠和狗，但一直没有找到克隆猴子的方法。had clonedhave been conductingThe news of the successful c
11、loning 3 _(attract)attention from around the world.克隆成功的消息引起了全世界的关注。However,cloning primates 4 _(also raise)ethical concerns.然而，克隆灵长类动物也引发了伦理问题。For example,some people 5 _(discuss)issues concerning how clones will be treated in society.例如，一些人一直在讨论社会将如何对待克隆的问题。has attracted have also raisedhave been
12、discussing课本89页4 The Perfect Complete the sentences with the perfect form of the verbs in brackets.1.The cyclist_(perform)impossibly well for several competitions,raising the suspicions of the judges.have been performing 2 He_(represent)his country at international events for over a decade and conti
13、nues to impress everyone.has been representing 3 Scientists_(discover)even more ways to improve physical performance over the past ten years.4 I _(try)to qualify for the swimming team for three years,but I still cant quite make the cut.had discovered have been trying 5 he_(finish)five seconds earlier in the event,so she was chosen for the Olympic team.had finished
