1、动词的时态结构歌谣动词的时态结构歌谣一般现在时，一般现在时，动词用原型动词用原型单数三人称，单数三人称，动词加动词加“s s”一般过去时，一般过去时，动词加动词加“eded”现在进行时现在进行时,am,is,aream,is,are加加doingdoing过去进行时，过去进行时，was,werewas,were加加doingdoing一般将来时，一般将来时，willwill加原型加原型过去将来时，过去将来时，wouldwould加原型加原型现在完成时，现在完成时，have/hashave/has加过分加过分(p.p.)(p.p.)过去完成时，过去完成时，had had 加过分加过分英语动词时态
2、复习英语动词时态复习 1.Look!They _.(swim)2.Jim usually _(walk)to school,but yesterday he _(take)a bus.3.Kelly _(be)a student now,she _(be)a doctor in ten years.4.Our life _(change)a lot in the last few years.5.When my father came in,I _(watch)TV.6.He said he _(return)the next week.7.By the time I got outside,
3、the bus _(leave)already.are swimmingwalkstookiswill behas changedwas watchingwould returnhad left时态填空时态填空一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时常见八种时态常见八种时态一般一般现在时：谓语动词用动词原形或第三人称单数现在时：谓语动词用动词原形或第三人称单数过去时：谓语用动词的过去式过去时：谓语用动词的过去式将来时：谓语用将来时：谓语用will/be going t
4、o+动词原形动词原形现在现在进行时：谓语用进行时：谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词动词的现在分词完成时：谓语用完成时：谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词过去过去进行时：谓语用进行时：谓语用were/was+动词的现在分词动词的现在分词完成时：谓语用完成时：谓语用had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词将来时：谓语用将来时：谓语用would 或或was/were going to+动动词原形词原形 知识框架图知识框架图时态时态用法用法基本基本结构结构 标志标志词词a.经常、反复发生的动作经常、反复发生的动作 b.现时的情况或状态现时的情况或状态c.永恒的事实或真理永恒的事实
5、或真理a.表示现阶段或说话时正表示现阶段或说话时正在进在进 行的动作及行为，行的动作及行为，b.在口语中在口语中表示将要发生表示将要发生的动作。的动作。频率副词频率副词(often,usually,sometimes等等)every day,once a week,on Sundays now,at this time,at the moment,these days,look,listen等等 am/is/are+doingbe动词动词(am,is,are)；do/does一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时1.以下几种情况也多用一般现在时a.在在if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中
6、，等引导的条件状语从句中，when,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中，当主句是一般等引导的时间状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时，将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来；从句通常用一般现在时表示将来；eg:Well have a sports meeting if it doesnt rain next Saturday.b.宾语从句部分若是表示宾语从句部分若是表示客观真理客观真理，不管主句是何时态，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时。从句都要用一般现在时。eg:My mother told me that the sun rises in the east.2.动词第三人
7、称单数形式的变化规则动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则规则规则举例举例一般情况下直接加一般情况下直接加-sreadreadswritewritesrunrunsswimswims以以-ch,-sh,-s,-x或或-o结尾的词加结尾的词加-esteachteacheswashwashesgogoes以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结结尾的词变尾的词变y为为i再加再加-es,但但“元音字母元音字母+y”则则直接加直接加-strytriescarrycarriesstudystudiesstaystaysplayplayssaysays3.现在分词的变化规律现在分词的变化规律规律总结规律总结例词例词以不发音
8、的以不发音的e结尾的动词去结尾的动词去e再再加加-ingmakemakinghavehaving以一个单独发音的元音字母以一个单独发音的元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节要双写最后一个辅音字母再节要双写最后一个辅音字母再加加-ingswimswimmingrunrunning以以-ie结尾的动词结尾的动词,变变ie为为y,再加再加-inglielyingtietying不符合上述情况的直接加不符合上述情况的直接加-ingplayplayingsingsinging 初中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母变现在初中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母变现在分词的动词有
9、分词的动词有:shop,stop,drop,run,get,sit,dig,put,begin,swim,chat,prefer,babysit。1.What is your brother going to be when he _?-He is going to be a doctor.A.grew up B.grows up C.grow up D.growing up2.Please call me as soon as you _ to Beijing.A.will get B.gets C.get D.getting3.My mother is cooking while I _m
10、y homework.A.am doing B.was doing C.do D.did 4.Li Ming _ the dormitory.He is sleeping.A.cleans B.isnt cleaning C.is cleaning D.cleaned时态时态用法用法基本基本结构结构标志词标志词过去的动作或过去的动作或状态。状态。一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时was/were+doingyesterday,three days ago,last night/weekjust nowat that time,at this time yesterday,when,whi
11、le过去某时正在进行过去某时正在进行 的动作的动作be(waswere)did动词过去式的变化规则及读音动词过去式的变化规则及读音一般过去时常用动词的过去式表示。不规则动词的过去一般过去时常用动词的过去式表示。不规则动词的过去式有其特殊形式式有其特殊形式,要特别记忆。要特别记忆。be动词的过去式为动词的过去式为was/were。规则实义动词的过去式是在动词原形后加。规则实义动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-d或或-ed,其变化规律见下表其变化规律见下表:例词例词规律总结规律总结读音规则读音规则playplayed;helphelped一般直接加一般直接加-ed清辅音后读清辅音后读/t/,如如 h
12、e l p e d,laughed浊辅音、元音后浊辅音、元音后读读/d/,如如lived,stayed/t/和和/d/后读后读/Id/,如如needed,startedmovemoved;useused以不发音的以不发音的e结结尾的加尾的加-dstudystudied;carrycarried以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的变结尾的变y为为i再再加加-edstopstopped;fitfitted;fixfixed以一个元音字母以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母加一个辅音字母(x除外除外)结尾的重结尾的重读闭音节双写结读闭音节双写结尾字母再加尾字母再加-ed句式变换句式变换 肯定式肯定式疑问式疑问式
13、否定式否定式I worked.Did I work?I d i d n o t work.He(She,It)worked.Did he(she,it)work?He(She,It)did not work.W e (T h e y,You)worked.Did we(they,you)work?We(They,You)did not work.1.They _in London at that time.A.are having B.having C.were having D.had2.My friend _to Qingdao last month.A.moved B.moves C.h
14、as moved D.moving3.Why didnt you play soccer with us?-I _my sister then.A.am babysitting B was babysittingC.babysits D.babysat4.There _nothing new in yesterdays paper.A.Is B.are C.were D.was时态时态一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时用法用法基本基本结构结构标志词标志词将来要发生的动作将来要发生的动作 或状态或状态will+doam/is/are+going to dowould+dowas/were+
15、going to do从过去的某一时间看从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存将要发生的动作或存在的状态在的状态tomorrow,the day after tomorrownext week/month主要用于宾语从句中主要用于宾语从句中1.If you are late for school,the teacher _angry.A.will be B.is C.are D.was2.He told me he _the Great Wall soon.A.will visit B.would visit C.visit D.visits3.The Greens _for Shanghai
16、next month.A.is leaving B.left C.are leaving D.leaves4.If I were you,I _a small present with me.A.will take B.take C.takes D would take1.用法：用法：12现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去过去现在现在过去过去的动作对的动作对现在现在的影响。的影响。I have finished my homework.过去过去的动作持续到的动作持续到现在现在。I have studied English for six years.3.标志词标志词:already,
17、just,yet,ever,never,recently,in the past 3 years,before,so far/by now,over the yearssince+时间点时间点/过去时态的句子过去时态的句子,for+时间段时间段2.2.基本结构：基本结构：have/has+done121.I lost my keys yesterday.2.I have lost my keys,I cant open the door now.4.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：共同点：动作都在动作都在过去过去。不同点：不同点：和和现在现在有无关系。有
18、无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。)5.易错点易错点：have/has gone to 表示表示“去了去了某地某地”have/has been to 表示表示“去过去过某地某地”have/has been in 表示表示“来来/去去某地多久某地多久”。1.-Where is Tom?-He _Europe.2.Tom _Europe twice.3.Tom _Europe for five days.has gone tohas been tohas been in6.瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬
19、间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现若句中出现时间段时间段，则必须使用，则必须使用延续性动词延续性动词。e.g.Her lovely dog _for 10 days.begin/start be oncomedieleavebuy becomejoinbe in/a member ofborrow/lendbe deadhavebe in/atbe away(from)bekeephas been dead瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化对照表常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化对照表非延续性动非延续性动词词延续性动延续性动词词非
20、延续性动非延续性动词词延续性动延续性动词词borrow/lendkeepdiebe deadopenbe openclosebe closedbuyhavejoinbe in/amember ofleavebe away(from)finish/endbe overbegin/startbe onarrive/comebe here/incatch/get a cold1.I wont see the film with you because I _(see)it already.2.Great changes _(take place)in our country since 1978.3
21、.Jim isnt here.He _(go)to the library.4.How long _you _(买)the bike?5.The Greens _(来)China for 5 years.6.They _ in 2000.They _for 12 years.(结婚)have seenhave taken placehas gonehavehadhave been inmarriedhave been married 过去完成时过去完成时1.用法：发生在用法：发生在 过去的过去过去的过去的动作。的动作。2.基本结构：基本结构：had+done By the time I got
22、 outside,the bus had already left.had left got outside现在现在过去过去过去的过去过去的过去3.标志词：标志词：by the end of,by the time,when+一般过去时一般过去时1.We_learning 1000 words by the end of last term.A.finished B.have finishedC.had finishedD.finish2.The train_when we got to the station.A.leavesB.have left C.were leaving D.had
23、left3.By the time he returned,his son_supper.A.cooks B.had cooked C.has cooked D.cooked中考动词时态中考动词时态考试技巧：考试技巧：做动词时态题的时候要注意以下几个方面做动词时态题的时候要注意以下几个方面:1.根据根据时间状语时间状语确定时态确定时态2.根据根据上下文已有时态信息点上下文已有时态信息点确定时态确定时态3.上下文语意上下文语意确定时态确定时态4.在复合句根据在复合句根据时态呼应时态呼应确定时态确定时态5.时态中的时态中的“特殊特殊”对策对策根据根据时间状语时间状语确定时态的原确定时态的原则：则：
24、1.Every summer many foreigners _ to Hainan for vacations.A.comes B.came C.come D.comingEvery summer根据根据上下文已有时态信息上下文已有时态信息点点确定时态的原则：确定时态的原则：2.Is your mother a nurse?-Yes,she is.She _ in Town Hospital.A.has worked B.works C.worked D.workingIs利用利用上下文语意上下文语意确定确定时态的原则：时态的原则：3.Wheres your mother,Lucy?-She
25、 _ TV in the room.A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.watchings在复合句根据在复合句根据时态呼应时态呼应确定时态的原则：确定时态的原则：4.Do you know if he back next week?If he back,please let me know.A.comes;will come B.will come;will come C.will come;comes D.comes,comes ifa.If引导宾语从引导宾语从句，句，“是是否否”,b.If引导状语引导状语从句，从句，“如如果果”If时态中的时态中的“特殊
26、特殊”对策对策的的原则：原则：5.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day.(2009辽宁辽宁)A.is B.was C.has been宾语从句表示客宾语从句表示客观真理，时态不观真理，时态不受主句限制而用受主句限制而用一般现在时一般现在时December 25 Christmas Day综合填空综合填空1.-Where is Li Ming?-He _to some foreign music in bed.2.I _a friend of mine when I was walking down the st
27、reet.3.They _on line when I came in.4.Dont bring the mobile phone to the class -room,or it _.5.People _a lot of trees over the years.6.There_an important test in two days.7.The boy often _the students exercise books for the teacher.hand out,listen,take away,chat,meet,be,plantis listeningmetwere chat
28、tingwill be taken awayhave plantedwill behands out There is a small forest near Tonys house.In summer,Tony likes going there to play with some of his friends.There _ a lot of tall trees in the forest.All kinds of birds like_their homes there.Tony and his friends like counting the bird nests(鸟巢鸟巢).Th
29、ey are very happy when they _ the number of the nests rising.Sometimes,they bring food to the birds.The birds are singing happily in the tree.It _that they like human friends.Several years ago,Tony and his friends felt surprised when they saw some workers _down the trees.The workers told them the tr
30、ees would _into some useful things.After they cut down the trees,many baby birds died after they fell down from the trees.The children felt sad.They decided _something to tell people to take care of nature.Since then,the children _many letters to many newspapers to save the environment.arefindseemscuttingbe madeto dohave writtenbuildingfind,have,seems,to do,building,have written,be made,do,cutting,areHomework:升学复习指导升学复习指导P126-128
